Taborites

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Banner used by Taborites (hypothetical colors)
Banner supposedly used by Taborite forces led by Bohuslav of Švamberg, whose heraldic emblem was a swan on a red field, later confused with a goose (Czech: husa) as a general symbol of the Hussite movement.

The Taborites (Czech: Táborité, Czech: singular Táborita), known by their enemies as the Picards,[1][why?] were a faction within the Hussite movement in the medieval Lands of the Bohemian Crown.

Although most of the Taborites were of rural origin, they played a major role in the town of

Prokop Holý
. The main centre of their association was Tábor.

Overview

Coat of arms of Tábor until 1437

The Taborites were centered in the

Hussites
".

The Taborites' theology represented a departure from that of the medieval Catholic Church. They rejected the corruption of the Church and insisted on the normativeness of biblical authority. Even though Taborite theologians were versed in scholastic theology, they were among the first intellectuals to break free from centuries-old scholastic methods.

History

In the spring of 1420, a group of

anarcho-communism.[4]

Jan Žižka with Václav Koranda at Vítkov

Hussites from

Trocnov [cs; de]. These Hussites were attacked by Catholic knights near Sudoměř on 25 March 1420. The repulsion of the knights encouraged the Hussites, and they managed to reach Tábor, which was still under construction. The Taborites chose four military commanders (Hetmans) from among themselves: Jan Žižka, Mikuláš of Hus, Chval Řepický of Machovice and Zbyněk z Buchov. Under their leadership, the Taborites made many sorties in South Bohemia, and at the end of May 1420, they headed towards Prague, threatened by Catholic armies during the first anti-Hussite crusade. In June, Tábor was unsuccessfully besieged by the troops of a South Bohemian noble, Oldřich II of Rosenberg. Cavalry led by the governor Mikuláš of Hus dispersed the siege. On 14 July near Prague, there was the Battle of Vítkov Hill in which Jan Žižka managed to thwart an attempt by Hungary and Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor to dominate the capital. The crusade then disintegrated without further struggle. In July, the Hussites negotiated about a possible future successor to the Czech throne. In response to the Four Articles of Prague
, the Taborites published twelve revolutionary articles in Prague. However, the Praguers did not meet their demands and the troops left the city.

At the end of August, Jan Žižka launched a large offensive against the estate of Oldřich of Rosenberg. The governor seized Prachatice, Vodňany and Lomnice. Young Oldřich was forced to conclude a ceasefire with Tábor until February 1421. Mikuláš of Pelhřimov was elected bishop of Tábor in September 1420. In December, Hetman Nicholas of Hus died as a result of a fall from a horse. The leader of the Taborites was now the governor Jan Žižka of Trocnov.

Adolf Liebscher: The Taborites conquering Prachatice
Burning Adamites

Jan Žižka commanded his rag-tag

Deuteronomy. Žižka eventually left Tabor because that community became too radical for his beliefs[citation needed] and took over the leadership of the more moderate Orebites in Hradec Králové
. In response to the numerous attacks launched against Bohemia, the Taborites and Orebites often set aside their religious differences and cooperated militarily.

Jan Žižka leading troops of the Hussites; Jena Codex, 15th century
crusaders
; Jena Codex, 15th century

Once the external threat was removed by Hussite victories, the various Hussite factions turned on each other. At the beginning of 1421, the Adamites, who completely rejected the

Dvůr Králové, Polička and Vysoké Mýto fell into the Hussite hands. At the turn of 1421 and 1422, there was a battle, in which the blind governor managed to overwhelm King Sigismund of Luxembourg. At the end of April, the Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas
arrived in Bohemia, where he was recognized (mostly by the Hussites and Taborites) as the country's steward. In January 1423, Jan Žižka of Trocnov broke with the Tábor union and began to build Nový Tábor (New Tábor) in East Bohemia.

Josef Mathauser: Battle of Lipany

After Jan Žižka's death on 11 October 1424, Jan Hvězda of Vícemilice and Bohuslav of Švamberk took the lead of the Taborite forces. The combined forces of Taborites,

Council of Basel was represented by Nicholas of Pelhřimov, who advocated the article on punishment of deadly sins. In the summer of 1433, the Taborites joined the siege of Catholic Plzeň. The city, however, defended well and Hussite troops were forced to abandon the ineffective siege. Finally, after twenty years, the power of the Taborites was broken with the Battle of Lipany
on 30 May 1434, during which 13,000 of the 18,000-strong army of Taborites and Sirotci, led by Prokop Holý, were overwhelmingly defeated by the united Catholic forces. Under the weight of this defeat, the Sirotci's union completely disappeared. Many of the leading Taborite commanders fell in battle, including the leading priest Prokop Holý.

After the Battle of Lipany, the opposition to King Sigismund and the agreement with the Council was led by governor Jan Roháč of Dubá. However, after the Taborites lost several of their castles and were defeated on 19 August 1435 by Oldřich of Rožmberk in the Battle of Křeč, the moderate wing, led by Bedřich of Strážnice, took over the Táborite faction. Jan Roháč and his faithful fortified at his castle Zion, which was soon conquered and all the surviving defenders were hanged in the Old Town Square of Prague. On 25 January 1437, by mutual agreement with Sigismund, Tábor was promoted to royal town and received the town's coat of arms: an imperial eagle. On 8 February 1449, the remnants of the Taborite union were joined with the Catholic and Kališník nobility from South Bohemia, and so the so-called Strakonice Unity was established, which was directed against the ever-growing power of George of Poděbrady. On 1 September 1452, the town of Tábor was suddenly occupied by the army of the land administrator George of Poděbrady, and thus the independent political power of the Tábor union was ended.

See also

New International Encyclopedia article "Taborites
".

References

  1. ^ Gieseler, Johann Karl Ludwig (1858). A Text-book of Church History. Vol. 3. Harper & brothers. p. 439.
  2. ISBN 9780761925989
    . Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  3. ^ Moran, Sean (1991). "Patrick Pearse and Patriotic Soteriology: The Irish Republican Tradition and the Sanctification of Political Self-Immolation". The Irish Terrorism Experience.
  4. ^ Bookchin, Murray. The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy. pp. 207–208.
  5. ISBN 978-1-59244631-5
    , p. 427
  6. ISBN 978-0-81087365-0
    , p. 21
  7. ^ Norman Cohn (2011), The Pursuit of the Millennium, Random House,
    ISBN 978-1-44810394-2
    , p. 220

Further reading

External links
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