Ventile
Ventile, is a registered
Extra-long-staple (ELS) cotton fibres are used to form a low-twist yarn, which is then woven into a tight high-density textile to create a 100% cotton fabric, capable of providing an effective barrier against inclement weather. In wet weather the softly spun yarns - within the tight weave - dynamically expand to form an effective barrier against the elements.[3]
Currently the only manufacturer of this specification of cotton textile is the Swiss firm Stotz & Co AG,[4] which spins, twists, weaves and dyes the raw materials, and sells the textile directly under its own branding of etaProof[5] cotton, supplying clothing manufacturers and wholesale textile distributors globally.
British production of Ventile eventually ended in the late 20th century[6] but the trademark continued to be used by the British company Talbot Weaving (Chorley) Limited[7] to market their wholesale distribution of etaProof cotton fabrics until 2017 when the trademark ownership was transferred to the manufacturer Stotz & Co AG.[8] Alternative registered trademarks, owned by other commercial organisations used to market, promote or distribute the fabric, include Supermarine[9] and Duuton3.[3]
Technical detail
The cotton textile is densely woven from an extra long
L35/145 | L34/5640 | L24/5620 | L24RS/5620RS | L19/5610 | L27/5635 | L28/5630 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fabric weight(g/m2) | 145 | 170 | 200 | 220 | 240 | 270 | 300 | |
Threads/cm: warp | 92 | 96 | 81 | 66 | 68 | 71 | ||
Threads/cm: weft | 41 | 35 | 30 | 26 | ||||
Breaking strength: warp minimum(N/5 cm) | 1000 | 1100 | 1200 | 1400 | 1200 | 1500 | ||
Breaking strength: weft minimum(N/5 cm) | 650 | 750 | 1000 | 1400 | ||||
Tear strength: warp minimum(g) | 900 | 1200 | 1350 | 1800 | 2200 | |||
Tear strength: weft minimum(g) | 650 | 750 | 800 | 1200 | 1600 | |||
Impregnation of DWR | Dendrimer based (until 2021 was fluorocarbon-6) | |||||||
Water absorption(max. %) | 10 | |||||||
Resistance to water hydrostatic head(mm) | 750 | 600 | 750 | 900 | ||||
Oil repellency(rating) | 5-6 |
L24/5620 and L19/5610 are made also in Organic[15] way, denominated 5620.1 RUC and 5610.1 RUC respectively, replacing the fluorocarbon of DWR with paraffin wax. With this change, three properties worsened:[14] Water absorption changed from 10% to 15%, Resistance to water hydrostatic head changed from 750mm to 600mm and Oil repellency changed from 5–6 to 0.
Uses
Fabrics made from the material are used in outerwear performance garments and have military, medical and workwear applications.
Ventile is still used in military uniforms, especially for pilots flying over water.
See also
- Grenfell Cloth
References
- ^ Ventile website - history
- ^ "Survival in Cold Waters (2003) - TP 13822 E". Transport Canada - Marine transportation. Government of Canada. 2003. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
[F]rom 1951, the Mk 7 onwards was made from ventile fabric, invented by the Shirley Institute just post war. [I]t was woven from Egyptian cotton in [a way that] would allow body moisture (i.e. water vapour) to pass through the interstices of the fabric, yet when immersed, the cotton fibres would swell to produce a waterproof garment. [S]uits had to be made from two layers of fabric to prevent the hydrostatic force of the water pushing its way through a single layer of fabric before the fabric had time to swell (Reference 172). Other disappointments were that it was very expensive to manufacture, expensive and labour intensive to construct the suits, and the fibres would not swell effectively when exposed to body sweat or greases.
- ^ a b c Duuton Cotton website
- ^ Stotz website - etaProof
- ^ etaProof website
- ^ Stotz website - etaProof history
- ^ a b c Ventile Fabrics - Talbot Weaving (Chorley) Limited
- ^ Ventile trademark registered status and history
- ^ Outlier website - Supermarine example
- ^ Ebbelsen website - materials
- ^ a b c Review of a jacket made of Ventile
- ^ Outdoor Gear website - Hydrostatic Head
- ^ "Ventile® Specifications" (PDF). Ventile Fabrics. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
- ^ a b "Technical Data" (PDF). Stotz, Architects of Fabrics. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
- ^ "EtaProof Organic Cotton". Stotz, Architects of Fabrics. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
- ^ Ventile Fabrics: Uses