Vienne, Isère

The vestiges of a temple to Cybèle were discovered in 1945 when a new hospital was built on Mount Salomon and the Ancien Hôpital in the center of town was torn down. Subsequent archaeological research conducted in 1965 permitted detailed reconstruction of the floor plan for the temple as well as the surrounding forum and established that the temple was constructed in the first century AD.^[9]

The provincial capital was an important early seat of a bishop and the legendary first bishop is said to have been

Vienne was a target during the Migration Period: it was taken by the Kingdom of the Burgundians in 438, but re-taken by the Romans and held until 461. In 534 the Merovingian-led Franks captured Vienne. It was then sacked by the Lombards in 558, and later by the Moors in 737.^[4] When Francia's king divided Frankish Burgundia into three parts in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun, Vienne became part of Middle Francia.

King

Jean de Bernin drew up a municipal charter (charte des franchises) for Vienne around 1225 (including provisions for a town council). Nevertheless, it was only in the fifteenth century that the coat of arms (Vienna civitas sancta) with an elm tree is attested (based on a tree uprooted around 1430 from near Saint-André-le-bas).^[11]

The

The archbishops gave up their territorial powers over Vienne to the French king in 1449.[4] Between 1482 and 1527, French kings appointed four Italians as archbishop of Vienne in succession, beginning with Angelo Cato [fr], a doctor and astrologer. The last of these, Scaramuccia Trivulzio, died in Rome before he could take possession of the archbishopric, which allowed for the confirmation of Pierre Palmier [fr], elected by the canons of Saint-Maurice in an act of resistance to the royal practice of appointing foreign prelates.^[12] At this time, there was no shortage of priests:^[13] a 1551 consular document indicated that over 5000 masses were celebrated each year in Vienne.^[14]

As a result of a 1540 printers' strike in Lyon, Michael Servetus' publisher moved to Vienne,^[15] where Pierre Palmier had invited his former teacher to come live.^[16] From 1541, Servetus worked as a doctor in the town, where he was known as Michel de Villeneuve, but also participated in decisions related to town infrastructure (rebuilding the Saint-Sévère bridge over the Gère after the 13 October 1544 flood).^[17] In January 1553 his Christianismi Restitutio^[α] was published anonymously in Vienne in a clandestine workshop, after being refused by a publisher in Basel.^[18] Jean Frellon, a Lyon bookseller, sent a copy to the theologian John Calvin,^[19] because Servetus had included his correspondence with Calvin in the book.^[20] Calvin, who viewed Servetus as a delirious braggart, insinuated dire consequences should Servetus come to Geneva.^[β] In the book, Servetus was also critical of the Pope and the Roman church, particularly of the doctrine of the Trinity and of child baptism. By order of Cardinal François de Tournon and Archbishop Palmier, he was arrested on 5 April 1553.^[22] Questioned for the next two days by the inquisitor Matthieu Ory, among others, he denied that he was Servetus, saying he had usurped the name for his correspondence with Calvin.^[23] On the morning of the third day, he managed to escape from the prison due to the special privileges accorded him by the bailliff.^[24] Ory recommended that he be found guilty of heresy, which was done on 17 June, when he was condemned to be burned at the stake, along with his books, in a then-undeveloped area of the Saint-Martin neighbourhood.^[25]

Vienne was sacked in 1562 by the Protestants under the baron des Adrets, and was held by the Catholic League from 1590 until 1595, when it was taken in the name of King Henry IV by Henri de Montmorency. The fortifications were demolished between 1589 and 1636.^[4]

Train stations were built in Vienne in 1855 and in Estressin in 1875 providing freight transport to the textile and metallurgy industries, which took advantage of the water power in the Gère valley.^[26]

In 1875, the State signed a contract with Vienne for the establishment of a cavalry regiment, necessitating the construction of a barracks from 1882 to 1886 in what became known as the Quartier Saint-Germain in 1887. When the last military regiment was disbanded in 1990, the former barracks was transformed into a business center, with some of the buildings conserved, such as the riding academy, which became a concert hall in 2018.^[27]

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 12,035 —     1800 10,362 −2.12% 1806 11,188 +1.29% 1821 11,273 +0.05% 1831 14,079 +2.25% 1836 16,484 +3.20% 1841 17,587 +1.30% 1846 18,610 +1.14% 1851 20,753 +2.20% 1856 19,698 −1.04% 1861 20,708 +1.01% 1866 23,605 +2.65% 1872 26,017 +1.63% 1876 26,502 +0.46% 1881 26,060 −0.34% 1886 25,480 −0.45% 1891 24,817 −0.53% 1896 24,977 +0.13% 1901 24,619 −0.29%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1906 24,887 +0.22% 1911 24,711 −0.14% 1921 23,732 −0.40% 1926 25,092 +1.12% 1931 25,648 +0.44% 1936 25,436 −0.17% 1946 23,519 −0.78% 1954 25,669 +1.10% 1962 26,977 +0.62% 1968 29,057 +1.25% 1975 27,830 −0.61% 1982 28,294 +0.24% 1990 29,449 +0.50% 1999 29,975 +0.20% 2007 29,844 −0.05% 2012 29,077 −0.52% 2017 29,306 +0.16% 2020 30,059 +0.85%
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Source: EHESS[28] and INSEE (1968–2017)[29]

The two outstanding Roman remains in Vienne are the temple of Augustus and Livia, and the Plan de l'Aiguille or Pyramide, a truncated pyramid resting on a portico with four arches, which was associated with the city's Roman circus.

The early

The Romanesque church of St André en Bas was the church of a second Benedictine monastery, and became the chapel of the earlier kings of Provence. It was rebuilt in 1152, in the later Romanesque style.^[4]

The Monument aux Morts in front of the train station is the work of Claude Grange and was inaugurated in 1923 by Philippe Pétain.^[30][31]

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  Claude Grange's Monument aux Morts in front of the Vienne train station
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  Vienne's Roman theatre
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  Pipet cemetery, Chemin des Aqueducs (D41), Notre Dame de Pipet
• the 13th stage of the 2022 Tour de France took the Chemin des Aqueducs into Vienne
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  Vienne City Hall
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  16 of the Saint-André le Bas Abbey's chimerae
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  Saint-André le Bas Abbey courtyard
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  The Gère River is a popular fishing spot.
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  Jeu du paume square (bus hub)
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  The

  Gallo-Roman

  Pyramid
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  Legend of the pyramid as Pontius Pilate's tomb
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  A river cruiser passing Notre Dame de l'Isle (South Vienne)
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  The banks of the river Rhône, in central Vienne
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  Château de la Batie on Mont Salomon towers over the Rhône and Estressin (north Vienne) with Collège Ponsard in the foreground
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  View over the South of the city with the Pilat mounts in the background
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  Chapelle Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette de Pipet
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  The ruins of Vienne's medieval castle

• Herod Archelaus (23 BC – ca.18 AD), ethnarch.
• Pontius Pilate (according to legend)^[8]
• Avitus of Vienne (450 – ca.578), poet, bishop of Vienne and saint.
• Saint Clair du Dauphiné (ca.590 – 660)
• Boso of Provence, (ca.841 – 887), Carolingian king of Provence.^[32]
• Pope Callixtus II (1065 – 1124), Archbishop of Vienne from 1088, Pope from 1119.
• Michael Servetus (1509 – 1553), savant, burned as a heretic.
• Nicolas Chorier (1612 – 1692), lawyer, historian, author.
• Jean-François Leriget de La Faye (1674 – 1731) diplomat, wealthy landowner, art collector and poet.
• Pierre Schneyder [fr; de] (1733 – 1814), archeologist, artist, curator.^[33]
• Jean-Baptiste-Charles Chabroud (1750 – 1816), lawyer and politician.
• Laurent Mourguet (1769 – 1884), puppeteer.
• François Ponsard (1814 – 1867), dramatist, poet and author.^[34]
• Joseph Martin (explorer) (1848 – 1892), geologist, topographer and explorer of Eastern Siberia
• Louis Vialleton (1859 – 1929), zoologist and writer.
• Fernand Point (1897 – 1955), chef.
• Christophe Pourny (born 1962), antique restorer and conservator.

Vienne is twinned with:^[35]