Vienne, Isère
Vienne
Vièna ( Arpitan) | |
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Subprefecture | |
  .jpg)     _-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_antique_depuis_le_mont_Pipet_(ao%C3%BBt_2020).jpg) From left to right, top to bottom: partial view of the city and the Rhône river from Saint-Romain-en-Gal with the Pipet sanctuary atop the hill; a bust of Thomas Jefferson in front of the Gallo-Roman temple of Augustus and Livia; the Saint-Maurice Cathedral; the archeological gardens of Cybèle; the Obelisk from the Gallo-Roman circus, rue Fernand Point ; the Château de la Bâtie atop Mont Salomon; under the Saint-Martin bridge in the Gère valley; the Roman Theatre and the city from Pipet hill. | |
_-_1887.svg) Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): Vienna Civitas Sancta "Vienne Saint City" (prior to 1887) Vienna Urbs Senatoria "Vienne Senatorial City" (since 1887) | |
Location of Vienne  | |
  Vienne  Vienne | |
| Coordinates: 45°31′27″N 4°52′41″E / 45.5242°N 4.8781°E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Isère |
| Arrondissement | Vienne |
| Canton | Vienne-1 and 2 |
| Intercommunality | CA Vienne Condrieu |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Thierry Kovacs[1] (LR) |
Area 1 | 22.65 km2 (8.75 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[2] | 31,555 |
| • Density | 1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Viennois |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 38544 /38200 |
| Elevation | 140–404 m (459–1,325 ft) (avg. 169 m or 554 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Vienne (French:
Vienne was the capital of the Allobroges, a Gallic people, before its conquest by the Romans. Transformed into a Roman colony in 47 BC under Julius Caesar, it became a major urban centre, ideally located along the Rhône, then a major axis of communication. Emperor Augustus banished Herod the Great's son, the ethnarch Herod Archelaus to Vienne in 6 AD.[3]
As a Roman provincial capital, remains of Roman constructions are widespread across modern Vienne. The city was also an important early
The town is now a regional commercial and industrial centre, known regionally for its Saturday market. A Roman temple, circus pyramid and theatre (where the annual Jazz à Vienne is held), as well as museums (archaeological, textile industry) and notable Catholic buildings, make tourism an important part of the town's economy.
History
Roman Vienne
The
Vienne became the seat of the vicar of prefects after the creation of regional dioceses, of which the date is still controversial. Regional dioceses were created during the First
On the bank of the Gère are traces of the
Two important Roman monuments still stand at Vienne. One is the Early Imperial
The vestiges of a temple to Cybèle were discovered in 1945 when a new hospital was built on Mount Salomon and the Ancien Hôpital in the center of town was torn down. Subsequent archaeological research conducted in 1965 permitted detailed reconstruction of the floor plan for the temple as well as the surrounding forum and established that the temple was constructed in the first century AD.[9]
Christian Vienne
._Pierre_de_Volvic._Vienne,_la_colline_de_Pipet._Photo,_Jamie_Mulherron.jpg)
The provincial capital was an important early seat of a bishop and the legendary first bishop is said to have been
Burgundian Vienne
Vienne was a target during the Migration Period: it was taken by the Kingdom of the Burgundians in 438, but re-taken by the Romans and held until 461. In 534 the Merovingian-led Franks captured Vienne. It was then sacked by the Lombards in 558, and later by the Moors in 737.[4] When Francia's king divided Frankish Burgundia into three parts in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun, Vienne became part of Middle Francia.
In the Kingdom of Provence
King
Medieval period, Reformation, Renaissance
Jean de Bernin drew up a municipal charter (charte des franchises) for Vienne around 1225 (including provisions for a town council). Nevertheless, it was only in the fifteenth century that the coat of arms (Vienna civitas sancta) with an elm tree is attested (based on a tree uprooted around 1430 from near Saint-André-le-bas).[11]
The
The archbishops gave up their territorial powers over Vienne to the French king in 1449.[4] Between 1482 and 1527, French kings appointed four Italians as archbishop of Vienne in succession, beginning with Angelo Cato, a doctor and astrologer. The last of these, Scaramuccia Trivulzio, died in Rome before he could take possession of the archbishopric, which allowed for the confirmation of Pierre Palmier, elected by the canons of Saint-Maurice in an act of resistance to the royal practice of appointing foreign prelates.[12] At this time, there was no shortage of priests:[13] a 1551 consular document indicated that over 5000 masses were celebrated each year in Vienne.[14]
As a result of a 1540 printers' strike in Lyon, Michael Servetus' publisher moved to Vienne,[15] where Pierre Palmier had invited his former teacher to come live.[16] From 1541, Servetus worked as a doctor in the town, where he was known as Michel de Villeneuve, but also participated in decisions related to town infrastructure (rebuilding the Saint-Sévère bridge over the Gère after the 13 October 1544 flood).[17] In January 1553 his Christianismi Restitutio[α] was published anonymously in Vienne in a clandestine workshop, after being refused by a publisher in Basel.[18] Jean Frellon, a Lyon bookseller, sent a copy to the theologian John Calvin,[19] because Servetus had included his correspondence with Calvin in the book.[20] Calvin, who viewed Servetus as a delirious braggart, insinuated dire consequences should Servetus come to Geneva.[β] In the book, Servetus was also critical of the Pope and the Roman church, particularly of the doctrine of the Trinity and of child baptism. By order of Cardinal François de Tournon and Archbishop Palmier, he was arrested on 5 April 1553.[22] Questioned for the next two days by the inquisitor Matthieu Ory, among others, he denied that he was Servetus, saying he had usurped the name for his correspondence with Calvin.[23] On the morning of the third day, he managed to escape from the prison due to the special privileges accorded him by the bailliff.[24] Ory recommended that he be found guilty of heresy, which was done on 17 June, when he was condemned to be burned at the stake, along with his books, in a then-undeveloped area of the Saint-Martin neighbourhood.[25]
Vienne was sacked in 1562 by the Protestants under the baron des Adrets, and was held by the Catholic League from 1590 until 1595, when it was taken in the name of King Henry IV by Henri de Montmorency. The fortifications were demolished between 1589 and 1636.[4]
Industrial era
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Train stations were built in Vienne in 1855 and in Estressin in 1875 providing freight transport to the textile and metallurgy industries, which took advantage of the water power in the Gère valley.[26]
In 1875, the State signed a contract with Vienne for the establishment of a cavalry regiment, necessitating the construction of a barracks from 1882 to 1886 in what became known as the Quartier Saint-Germain in 1887. When the last military regiment was disbanded in 1990, the former barracks was transformed into a business center, with some of the buildings conserved, such as the riding academy, which became a concert hall in 2018.[27]
Population
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| Source: EHESS[28] and INSEE (1968–2017)[29] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Monuments
The two outstanding Roman remains in Vienne are the temple of Augustus and Livia, and the Plan de l'Aiguille or Pyramide, a truncated pyramid resting on a portico with four arches, which was associated with the city's Roman circus.
The early
The
The Romanesque church of St André en Bas was the church of a second Benedictine monastery, and became the chapel of the earlier kings of Provence. It was rebuilt in 1152, in the later Romanesque style.[4]
The Monument aux Morts in front of the train station is the work of Claude Grange and was inaugurated in 1923 by Philippe Pétain.[30][31]
Gallery
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Claude Grange's Monument aux Morts in front of the Vienne train station -
Vienne's Roman theatre -
Pipet cemetery, Chemin des Aqueducs (D41), Notre Dame de Pipet -
the 13th stage of the 2022 Tour de France took the Chemin des Aqueducs into Vienne
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Vienne City Hall -
16 of the Saint-André le Bas Abbey's chimerae -
Saint-André le Bas Abbey courtyard -
The Gère River is a popular fishing spot. -
Jeu du paume square (bus hub) -
TheGallo-RomanPyramid -
Legend of the pyramid as Pontius Pilate's tomb -
A river cruiser passing Notre Dame de l'Isle (South Vienne) -
The banks of the river Rhône, in central Vienne -
Château de la Batie on Mont Salomon towers over the Rhône and Estressin (north Vienne) with Collège Ponsard in the foreground -
View over the South of the city with the Pilat mounts in the background -
Chapelle Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette de Pipet -
The ruins of Vienne's medieval castle
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Notable people
- Herod Archelaus (23 BC – ca.18 AD), ethnarch.
- Pontius Pilate (according to legend)[8]
- Avitus of Vienne (450 – ca.578), poet, bishop of Vienne and saint.
- Saint Clair du Dauphiné (ca.590 – 660)
- Boso of Provence, (ca.841 – 887), Carolingian king of Provence.[32]
- Pope Callixtus II (1065 – 1124), Archbishop of Vienne from 1088, Pope from 1119.
- Michael Servetus (1509 – 1553), savant, burned as a heretic.
- Nicolas Chorier (1612 – 1692), lawyer, historian, author.
- Jean-François Leriget de La Faye (1674 – 1731) diplomat, wealthy landowner, art collector and poet.
- Pierre Schneyder (1733 – 1814), archeologist, artist, curator.[33]
- Jean-Baptiste-Charles Chabroud (1750 – 1816), lawyer and politician.
- Laurent Mourguet (1769 – 1884), puppeteer.
- François Ponsard (1814 – 1867), dramatist, poet and author.[34]
- Joseph Martin (explorer) (1848 – 1892), geologist, topographer and explorer of Eastern Siberia
- Louis Vialleton (1859 – 1929), zoologist and writer.
- Fernand Point (1897 – 1955), chef.
- Christophe Pourny (born 1962), antique restorer and conservator.
Twin towns – sister cities
- Albacete, Spain
- Esslingen am Neckar, Germany
- Greenwich, United States
- Goris, Armenia
- Neath Port Talbot, Wales, United Kingdom
- Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland
- Schiedam, Netherlands
- Udine, Italy
- Velenje, Slovenia
Climate
| Climate data for Vienne, Isère (Reventin-Vaugris), elevation 295 m (968 ft), (2004–2020 normals, extremes 2004–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.9 (64.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
25.2 (77.4) |
28.7 (83.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
38.3 (100.9) |
40.0 (104.0) |
41.2 (106.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
29.4 (84.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
8.6 (47.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
21.4 (70.5) |
26.2 (79.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.7 (81.9) |
23.5 (74.3) |
17.8 (64.0) |
11.2 (52.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
17.5 (63.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
8.7 (47.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
21.7 (71.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
13.7 (56.7) |
8.2 (46.8) |
4.4 (39.9) |
12.9 (55.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
1.3 (34.3) |
4.0 (39.2) |
7.4 (45.3) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.6 (49.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
1.8 (35.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −8.1 (17.4) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
2.6 (36.7) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.8 (49.6) |
9.0 (48.2) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51.7 (2.04) |
44.7 (1.76) |
46.4 (1.83) |
64.8 (2.55) |
76.9 (3.03) |
59.8 (2.35) |
62.6 (2.46) |
66.7 (2.63) |
62.4 (2.46) |
94.5 (3.72) |
91.3 (3.59) |
53.9 (2.12) |
775.7 (30.54) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.4 | 7.4 | 8.8 | 7.3 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 7.9 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 94.7 |
| Source: Meteociel[36] | |||||||||||||
Notes
- ^ The title of the book deliberately echoes Calvin's Institutio Christianae Religionis.
- ^ Writing to William Farel of Servetus' "Thrasonic bravado" in 1546, and of the latter's announced plan to visit him in Geneva, Calvin said that as long as his voice carried weight in Geneva, should Servetus come, he would never return home alive[21] —a wish that came to be fulfilled seven years later.
Bibliography
- Cavard, Pierre (1950). La Réforme et les guerres de religions à Vienne [The Reformation and the Wars of Religion in Vienne] (in French). Vienne: Blanchard frères.
- Cavard, Pierre (1953). Le Procès de Michel Servet à Vienne [The Trial of Michaelus Servetus in Vienne] (in French). Vienne: Blanchard frères.
- Cavard, Pierre (1976). Vienne la sainte [Vienne the Holy] (in French). Vienne: Blanchard frères.
References
- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 6 June 2023.
- ^ "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
- ^ Flavius Josephus. "Book 17". Antiquities of the Jews. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Vienne". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 56.
- Wars of the Jews(book 2, chapter 7, verse 3).
- ^ Constantin Zuckerman, 'Sur la liste de Verone et la province de Grande Armenie, la division de l'empire et la date de création des dioceses', 2002 Travaux et Memoires 12: Mélanges Gilbert Dagron, pp. 618–637 argues for a decision to create diocese by Constantine and Licinius at the meeting in Milan in February 313; since 1980 several scholars have suggested later dates (303, 305, 306, 313/14) than the traditional date of 297 set by Theodor Mommsen in the late 19th century
- ^ "Château de la Bâtie à Vienne dans l'Isère". museedupatrimoine.fr. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ .
- JSTOR 41005435.
- ^ Eusebius, Medieval Sourcebook: The Persecution & Martyrdoms of Lyons In 177 A.D. – The Letter of the Churchs of Vienna and Lyons to the Churches of Asia and Phrygia including the story of the Blessed Blandina, Fordham University, accessed 29 January 2023
- ^ Cavard 1976, p. 13–17.
- ^ Cavard 1950, p. 19–20.
- ^ Cavard 1950, p. 21.
- ^ Cavard 1950, p. 24.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 17.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 15.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 31–34.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 46–48.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 59.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 56–58.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 81.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 112–113.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 127.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 131–139.
- ^ Cavard 1953, p. 142–143.
- ^ "Quartier d'Estressin, Vienne". Art et Histoire en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (in French). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ Caporal345 (5 October 2011). "La Garnison de Vienne". Musée du patrimoine militaire de Lyon et sa région.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Vienne, EHESS (in French).
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
- ^ Françoise Puissanton (8 September 2023). "Vienne. Le monument aux morts a 100 ans ce samedi 9 septembre". Le Dauphiné Libéré (in French).
- ^ "Monument aux Morts". Plateforme ouverte du patrimoine. Culture Ministry. 20 June 2019.
- ISBN 9782905637994.
- ^ Revue de Vienne: esquisses morales, littéraires, statistiques et industrielles (in French). Vol. 1. Vienne. 1837. pp. 11–14.
- ^ . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 62.
- ^ "Jumelage". coei-vienne.fr (in French). Comité d'Organisation d'Echanges Internationaux de la ville de Vienne. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ "Normales et records pour Reventin (38)". Meteociel. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
External links
- Livius.org: Roman Vienne – historical information and pictures
- Official website (in French)
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