Wicklow Mountains
Wicklow Mountains | |
---|---|
Cuala Dublin Mountains | |
![]() Tonelagee mountain seen from Glendasan, Wicklow Mountains | |
Highest point | |
Peak | Lugnaquilla |
Elevation | 925 m (3,035 ft) |
Coordinates | 52°57′57″N 6°27′46″W / 52.96583°N 6.46278°W |
Naming | |
Native name | Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin (Irish) |
Geography | |
Country | Ireland |
Province | Leinster |
Counties | Wicklow, Dublin, Wexford and Carlow |
Range coordinates | 53°04′52″N 6°23′24″W / 53.08111°N 6.39000°W |
Parent range | Leinster Chain |
Borders on | Blackstairs Mountains |
Geology | |
Orogeny | Caledonian |
Age of rock | Cambrian to Devonian, Pleistocene |
Type of rock | Granite, mica, schist and quartzite |
The Wicklow Mountains (Irish: Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin,[1] archaic: Cualu) form the largest continuous upland area in Ireland. They occupy the whole centre of County Wicklow and stretch outside its borders into the counties of Dublin, Wexford and Carlow. Where the mountains extend into County Dublin, they are known locally as the Dublin Mountains (Sléibhte Bhaile Átha Cliath).[1] The highest peak is Lugnaquilla at 925 metres (3,035 feet).
The mountains are primarily composed of granite surrounded by an envelope of mica-schist and much older rocks such as quartzite. They were pushed up during the Caledonian orogeny at the start of the Devonian period and form part of the Leinster Chain, the largest continuous area of granite in Ireland and Britain. The mountains owe much of their present topography to the effects of the last ice age, which deepened the glens and created corrie and ribbon lakes. Copper and lead have been the main metals mined in the mountains and a brief gold rush occurred in the 18th century. Several major river systems have their source in the mountains, such as the Liffey, Dargle, Slaney and Avoca rivers. Powerscourt Waterfall is the second tallest in Ireland at 121 metres (397 feet). A number of these rivers have been harnessed to create reservoirs for drinking water for Dublin and its surroundings.
The Wicklow Mountains experience a
The mountains have been inhabited since
The Wicklow Mountains continue to be a major attraction for tourism and recreation. The entire upland area is designated as a Special Area of Conservation and as a Special Protection Area under European Union law. The Wicklow Mountains National Park was established in 1991 to conserve the local biodiversity and landscape.
Name
The Wicklow Mountains take their name from County Wicklow which in turn takes its name from Wicklow town. The origin of the name is from the Old Norse Wykynglo or Wykinlo.[2] The Irish name for Wicklow, Cill Mhantáin, means "Church of Mantan", named after an apostle of Saint Patrick.[2] Wicklow was not established as a county until 1606; before that it had been part of County Dublin.[3] During the medieval period, prior to the establishment of County Wicklow, the English administration in Dublin referred to the region as the Leinster Mountains.[4]
An early name for the whole area of the Wicklow Mountains was Cualu, later Cuala.[5] The Irish name for Great Sugar Loaf mountain is Ó Cualann ("lump of Cuala").[6] There are also historic names for various territories in the mountains held by local clans: the north part of Wicklow and south Dublin was known as Cualann or Fir Chualann ("men of Cuala"), anglicised 'Fercullen', while the Glen of Imaal takes its name from the territory of Uí Máil.[2] A sept of the O'Byrne family called the Gaval Rannall possessed the area around Glenmalure, known as Gaval-Rannall or Ranelagh.[2]
The mountains were also formerly known as Sliabh Ruadh or the Red Mountains.[1]
Topography
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lugnaquilla_from_Glenmalure.jpg/220px-Lugnaquilla_from_Glenmalure.jpg)
The Wicklow Mountains are the largest area of continuous high ground in Ireland, having an unbroken area of over 500 km2 (190 sq mi) above 300 metres (980 ft).[7] They occupy the centre of County Wicklow and extend into Counties Dublin, Carlow and Wexford.[8] The general direction of the mountain ranges is from north-east to south-west.[9] They are formed into several distinct groups: that of Kippure in the north, on the boundary of Dublin and Wicklow; Djouce, Tonelagee, Camaderry and Lugnaquilla in the centre; Church Mountain and Keadeen Mountain in the west; and Croghan Kinsella to the south.[9] To the east, separated from the rest of the range by the Vartry Plateau, is the group comprising the Great Sugar Loaf, Little Sugar Loaf and Bray Head.[9]
Geology
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Djouce_and_War_Hill.jpg/220px-Djouce_and_War_Hill.jpg)
The Wicklow Mountains are primarily composed of
The Iapetus Ocean closed up completely at the end of the Silurian period (443–415 million years ago) and the Wicklow Mountains were uplifted during the main phase of the Caledonian orogeny at the start of the Devonian period (415–358 million years ago) when the continents of Baltica and Laurentia collided.[19] The collision pushed up a large batholith of granite, known as the Leinster Chain: this is the largest continuous area of granite in Ireland and Britain and runs from the coast at Dún Laoghaire in County Dublin to New Ross in County Wexford and includes the Wicklow and Blackstairs Mountains.[20][21] The heat generated by the collision metamorphosed the slates and shales surrounding the granite into schists which formed an aureole (shell) around the granite.[22] The process of erosion has removed much of the surrounding schist from the mountain tops, exposing the underlying granite.[23] Some remnants of the schist roof remain on some of the mountain tops, most notably Lugnaquilla.[22] The round granite-topped peaks contrast with the sharper schist peaks: for example, War Hill (granite) and Djouce (schist).[24]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Upper_and_Lower_Lough_Bray.jpg/220px-Upper_and_Lower_Lough_Bray.jpg)
The last major geological event to shape the Wicklow Mountains was the
Mining and quarrying
The zone of collision between the continental plates that led to the formation of the Wicklow Mountains also led to
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Miners_Village_Glendalough.jpg/220px-Miners_Village_Glendalough.jpg)
In 1795, a local schoolmaster discovered gold in the Aughatinavought River, a tributary of the
Granite from the Wicklow Mountains has been used as a material for many buildings in Wicklow and Dublin and beyond. The quarries at
Hydrology
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Powerscourt_Deerpark_and_Waterfall.jpg/220px-Powerscourt_Deerpark_and_Waterfall.jpg)
The Wicklow Mountains are the source of several major river systems. Since the thin blanket bog peats cannot hold great quantities of water, many of these rivers exhibit a flashy hydrography, filling rapidly after heavy rain.[42]
The
The River Vartry rises on the slopes of Djouce mountain.[2] Nearby, the River Dargle rises between Tonduff and War Hill, falling as the Powerscourt Waterfall, Ireland's second tallest waterfall at 121 metres (397 feet),[45] over a cliff formed by a glacier at the contact point between the granite and mica-schist of the Wicklow Mountains.[46] The waterfalls at the heads of the valleys of Glendalough, Glenmacnass and Glendasan also occur approximately at the schist-granite junctions,[47] as does the Carrawaystick waterfall in Glenmalure.[48]
The River Slaney rises in the North Prison of Lugnaquilla mountain and winds through the Glen of Imaal where it is joined by the Leoh, Knickeen and Little Slaney.[49] Another of its tributaries, the River Derreen, rises on Lugnaquilla's southern side.[50]
Each of the main branches of the
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Upper_Reservoir%2C_Glenasmole.jpg/220px-Upper_Reservoir%2C_Glenasmole.jpg)
Reservoirs
Several of these rivers have been dammed to create reservoirs to provide drinking water for the residents of Dublin and its environs. The first of these was the River Vartry, dammed to create the Vartry Reservoir near Roundwood in the 1860s.[51] A second dam was added in 1924 to increase capacity.[51] The River Dodder feeds the two Bohernabreena reservoirs in the northern foothills of the Wicklow Mountains at Glenasmole in County Dublin, which were constructed between 1883 and 1887 to supply water to the townland of Rathmines.[52] The Poulaphouca Reservoir, on the River Liffey near Blessington, was constructed between 1938 and 1940.[53] There are also two hydroelectricity plants at Poulaphouca, constructed during the 1940s.[54] A pumped-storage hydroelectricity plant was constructed at Turlough Hill between 1968 and 1974.[55] Water is pumped up from Lough Nanahangan, a natural corrie lake, into an artificial reservoir on Tomaneena mountain and released at times of peak electricity demand.[56][57]
Climate
In common with the rest of Ireland, the Wicklow Mountains experience a
Habitat
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Red-Sika_Deer_on_Camaderry.jpg/220px-Red-Sika_Deer_on_Camaderry.jpg)
The primary
Due to drainage of water from the bogs as a result of human activity, most of Wicklow's peat has dried out too much for Sphagnum mosses to grow and
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Feral_Goat_Glendalough.jpg/220px-Feral_Goat_Glendalough.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lumber_pile%2C_Wicklow.jpg/220px-Lumber_pile%2C_Wicklow.jpg)
Widespread clearance of forest began in the Bronze Age and continued up until the early 20th century.
The young rivers in the upper glens are spawning grounds for salmon and brown trout.[79] Arctic char, isolated in the Wicklow lakes following the end of the last ice age,[80] have been recorded in Lough Dan and the lakes of Glendalough but are now believed extinct.[79] A programme to reintroduce them into the Upper Lake at Glendalough commenced in 2009.[81]
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Seefin_Passage_Tomb.jpg/220px-Seefin_Passage_Tomb.jpg)
The earliest evidence of human activity in the interior of Wicklow dates to around 4,300 BCE.
The earliest known tribes to have controlled the Wicklow Mountains include the
In 1170, during the
The valley of
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Glendalough_Valley_From_Brockagh_Mountain.jpg/220px-Glendalough_Valley_From_Brockagh_Mountain.jpg)
A prolonged period of peace reigned in the Wicklow Mountains from the end of the
The census of 1841 recorded a population of 13,000 in the Wicklow uplands out of 126,143 persons in the county as a whole.[108] Following the Great Famine, the census of 1891 showed that the population of County Wicklow had declined to 62,136 with the proportionate fall in the uplands regions even greater as the populace deserted the marginal lands.[109]
The construction of the railways in the 19th century led to the development of tourism in the Wicklow Mountains.[109] Visitors were taken by horse-drawn transport into the mountains from the railway station at Rathdrum.[109] Glendalough quickly established itself as the most popular tourist destination and a train service there was considered in 1897 but the proposals came to nothing.[110] The tourism potential of the Military Road was spotted soon after its completion and G. N. Wright's Tours in Ireland (1822) is one of the earliest guides to the sights along the route.[111]
Present day
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wicklow_Mountains_National_Park_Information_Office.jpg/220px-Wicklow_Mountains_National_Park_Information_Office.jpg)
The principal farming activity in the uplands is sheep
On foot of concerns about environmental degradation and undesirable development of the Wicklow Uplands, the Government announced the creation of the Wicklow Mountains National Park in 1990 to conserve the area's biodiversity and landscape.[119] The park was officially established in 1991 and now encompasses an area of over 20,000 hectares (200 square kilometres; 77 square miles).[120] In addition, the Wicklow Mountains (including areas outside the National Park) are classed as a Special Area of Conservation under the EU Habitats Directive and as a Special Protection Area under the EU Birds Directive.[121]
The Dublin foothills of the Wicklow Mountains are managed by the Dublin Mountains Partnership (DMP), a group established in May 2008 with the aim of improving the recreational experience of users of the Dublin Mountains.[122] Its members include representatives of state agencies, local authorities and recreational users.[122] The DMP has restored paths and developed walking trails, orienteering courses and a mountain biking course.[123]
See also
- Wicklow Round
- Wicklow Way
- Lists of mountains in Ireland
- List of mountains of the British Isles by height
- List of Marilyns in the British Isles
- List of Hewitt mountains in England, Wales and Ireland
References
Citations
- ^ Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. Archivedfrom the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Joyce 1900.
- ^ Flynn 2003, p. 32.
- ^ Lydon 1994, p. 154.
- ^ Corlett 1999, p. 34.
- ^ Tempan, Paul (February 2012). "Irish Hill and Mountain Names" (PDF). mountaineering.ie. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ Whittow 1975, p. 253.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 11.
- ^ a b c Lewis 1837.
- ^ "Lugnaquilla". MountainViews.ie. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
- ^ "900m Irish Mountains". MountainViews.ie. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
- ^ "Kippure". MountainViews.ie. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
- ^ "Vandeleur-Lynam List, 600m Irish Mountains". MountainViews.ie. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
- ^ a b Whittow 1975, p. 268.
- ^ Holland 2003, p. 22.
- ^ Jackson, Parkes & Simms 2010, p. 142.
- ^ Williams & Harper 1999, pp. 18–22.
- ^ a b Whittow 1975, p. 271.
- ^ Williams & Harper 1999, pp. 23–28.
- ^ Holland 2003, p. 23.
- ^ Whittow 1975, p. 252.
- ^ a b Holland 2003, p. 27.
- ^ Williams & Harper 1999, p. 29.
- ^ Coillte & GSI 1997, §2.
- ^ Holland 2003, p. 29.
- ^ a b Holland 2003, p. 30.
- ^ Warren 1993, p. 28.
- ^ "Lakes & Rivers". Wicklow Mountains National Park. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
- ^ Whittow 1975, p. 261.
- ^ Heritage Council 2007, p. 10.
- ^ Heritage Council 2007, p. 10-11.
- ^ EPA & GSI 2009, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Heritage Council 2007, p. 11.
- ^ Heritage Council 2007, p. 24.
- ^ Heritage Council 2007, pp. 36–37.
- ^ Heritage Council 2007, p. 25.
- ^ Heritage Council 2007, p. 32.
- ^ a b c d Vines 2007.
- ^ Flynn 2003, p. 64.
- ^ Pearson 1998, p. 315.
- ^ Pearson 1998, p. 321.
- ^ a b Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 85.
- ^ Moriarty 1988a, p. 15.
- ^ Moriarty 1991, p. 15.
- ^ "Waterfall". Powerscourt House & Gardens. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, pp. 89–90.
- ^ Whittow 1975, p. 265.
- ^ Coillte & GSI 1997, §3.
- ^ Duffy 2006, p. 19.
- ^ Duffy 2006, p. 23.
- ^ a b Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 93.
- ^ Moriarty 1991, p. 45.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 94.
- ^ Moriarty 1988b, pp. 57–59.
- ^ "Turlough Hill". History of ESB. ESB Group. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
- ^ Flynn 2003, p. 111.
- ^ "Tomaneena". MountainViews.ie. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, pp. 20–21.
- ^ a b Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 21.
- ^ a b "Climate". Wicklow Mountains National Park. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
- ^ a b Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 20.
- ^ a b c d "Blanket Bog". Wicklow Mountains National Park. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 44.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, pp. 44–46, 50.
- ^ a b "Birds". Wicklow Mountains National Park. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ a b Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 47.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 50.
- ^ "Site Synopsis: Wicklow Mountains SPA" (PDF). National Parks and Wildlife Service. 13 October 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2011.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 84.
- ^ a b Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 48.
- ^ Boyle & Bourke 1990, p. 39.
- ^ "Mammals". Wicklow Mountains National Park. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ Corlett 1999, pp. 5–6.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 164.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 61.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 62.
- ^ a b Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 83.
- ^ a b Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 82.
- ^ a b "Threatened Fish". Wicklow Mountains National Park. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, p. 92.
- ^ "Arctic Char Release Project". Wicklow Mountains National Park. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ Stout 1994, p. 5.
- ^ Stout 1994, p. 6.
- ^ Stout 1994, p. 6-7.
- ^ Stout 1994, p. 10.
- ^ Gurrin 2006, p. 10.
- ^ a b Gurrin 2006, p. 11.
- ^ a b Corlett 1999, p. 35.
- ^ Flynn 2003, p. 14.
- ^ "Glendalough's Monastic History". Wicklow Mountains National Park. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
- ^ Gurrin 2006, p. 20.
- ^ a b Gurrin 2006, p. 22.
- ^ Corlett 1999, pp. 141–145.
- ^ Lydon 1994, p. 151.
- ^ Lydon 1994, p. 153.
- ^ Lydon 1994, p. 152.
- ^ Lydon 1994, pp. 157, 159.
- ^ a b c Flynn 2003, p. 30.
- ^ Flynn 2003, pp. 29–31.
- ^ Flynn 2003, p. 31.
- ^ "Art O'Neill Walk". Simon Stewart's Hillwalking in Ireland. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
- ^ Flynn 2003, p. 35.
- ^ Gurrin 2006, p. 68.
- ^ Gurrin 2006, p. 69.
- ^ a b Flynn 2003, pp. 46–48.
- ^ Fewer 2007, p. 23.
- ^ a b Fewer 2007, passim.
- ^ Gurrin 2006, p. 71.
- ^ a b c Gurrin 2006, p. 72.
- ^ Gurrin 2006, pp. 72, 74.
- ^ Fewer 2007, p. 202.
- ^ National Parks and Wildlife Service 2005, p. 16.
- ^ Nairn & Crowley 1998, pp. 168–9, 179.
- ^ National Parks and Wildlife Service 2005, p. 18.
- ^ National Parks and Wildlife Service 2005, p. 17.
- ^ a b Dalby 2009, p. 10.
- Irish Sports Council. Archivedfrom the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
- Irish Sports Council. Archivedfrom the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
- ^ McDonald, Frank (4 April 1990). "Wicklow to get national park". The Irish Times. Dublin. p. 5.
- ^ "Park History". Wicklow Mountains National Park. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 1 September 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
- ^ National Parks and Wildlife Service 2005, p. 9.
- ^ a b "About the Dublin Mountains Partnership". Dublin Mountains Partnership. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
- ^ "Activities". Dublin Mountains Partnership. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
Sources
- Boyle, Ken; Bourke, Orla (1990). The Wicklow Way: A Natural History Field Guide. Dublin, Ireland: Cospoir. ISBN 0-9512712-1-0.
- Coillte; GSI (1997). The Wicklow Way. An Exploration of its Rocks and Landscape. Dublin, Ireland: Geological Survey of Ireland.
- Corlett, Christiaan (1999). Antiquities of Old Rathdown. ISBN 1-869857-29-1.
- Dalby, Barry (2009) [1st pub. 1993]. The Wicklow Way Map Guide. Clonegal, Ireland: EastWest Mapping. ISBN 978-1-899815-24-1.
- Duffy, John (2006). River Slaney from Source to Sea. ISBN 978-0-9554184-0-2.
- ISBN 978-1-84095-318-3. Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- Fewer, Michael (2007). The Wicklow Military Road: History and Topography. Dublin, Ireland: Ashfield Press. ISBN 978-1-901658-66-8.
- Flynn, Arthur (2003). A History of County Wicklow. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 0-7171-3485-7.
- Gurrin, Brian F. (2006). A Social History of the Wicklow Uplands. Dublin, Ireland: ISBN 0-7557-1693-0.
- Heritage Council (2007). "Exploring the Mining Heritage of County Wicklow" (PDF). Heritage Council. Wicklow: Wicklow Heritage Office. Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ISBN 1-903765-20-X.
- Jackson, Patrick N. Wyse; Parkes, Matthew; Simms, Mike (2010). Geology of Ireland: County by County. Dublin, Ireland: Department of Geology, ISBN 978-0-9521066-8-5.
- Joyce, P. W. (1900). "Wicklow". Atlas and Cyclopedia of Ireland. Vol. Part I. Atlas. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
- Lewis, Samuel (1837). "Wicklow Topography". A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- Lydon, J. F. (1994). "Medieval Wicklow – A Land of War". In Hannigan, Ken; Nolan, William (eds.). Wicklow: History & Society. Dublin, Ireland: Geography Publications. pp. 151–190. ISBN 0-906602-30-0.
- Moriarty, Christopher (1988a). "The Liffey of the Wilderness". In Healy, Elizabeth (ed.). The Book of the Liffey: From Source to Sea. Dublin, Ireland: Wolfhound Press. pp. 15–30. ISBN 0-86327-167-7.
- Moriarty, Christopher (1988b). "The Bounty of Anna Liffey". In Healy, Elizabeth (ed.). The Book of the Liffey: From Source to Sea. Dublin, Ireland: Wolfhound Press. pp. 53–72. ISBN 0-86327-167-7.
- Moriarty, Christopher (1991). Down the Dodder. Dublin: Wolfhound Press. ISBN 0-86327-285-1.
- Nairn, Richard; Crowley, Miriam (1998). Wild Wicklow: Nature in the Garden of Ireland. Dublin: Townhouse. ISBN 1-86059-048-9.
- ISBN 0-7557-7007-2. Archived(PDF) from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
- Pearson, Peter (1998). Between the Mountains and the Sea: Dun-Laoghaire Rathdown County. Dublin, Ireland: The O'Brien Press. ISBN 0-86278-582-0.
- Stout, Geraldine (1994). "Wicklow's Prehistoric Landscape". In Hannigan, Ken; Nolan, William (eds.). Wicklow: History & Society. Dublin, Ireland: Geography Publications. pp. 1–40. ISBN 0-906602-30-0.
- Vines, Gail (27 January 2007). "The Hunt for Wicklow Gold". .
- Warren, William P. (1993). Wicklow in the Ice Age. Dublin, Ireland: ISBN 0-9515006-2-7.
- Whittow, J. B. (1975). Geology and Scenery in Ireland. London, England: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-021791-9.
- Williams, Michael; ISBN 1-898162-06-9.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Wicklow Mountains National Park
- Dublin Mountains Partnership
- Wicklow Cheviot Sheep Owners Association Archived 23 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- The Wicklow gold nugget Archived 4 August 2012 at the UK Government Web Archive
- Wicklow Walks