1918 in Germany
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| See also: | Other events of 1918 History of Germany • Timeline • Years | ||||
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Events in the year 1918 in Germany.
Incumbents
National level
Head of State
- Wilhelm II, abdicated 9 November
- Republic (from 9 November) – vacant
Head of Government
- Chancellor (Imperial) - Georg von Hertling to 30 September, then from 3 October Prince Maximilian of Baden to 9 November
- Republic – from 9 November Friedrich Ebert, "Head of Government"
State level
Kingdoms
- King of Bavaria – Ludwig III abdicated 7 November
- King of Prussia– Wilhelm II, abdicated 9 November
- King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III, abdicated 13 November
- King of Württemberg – William II, abdicated 30 November
Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II, abdicated 22 November
- Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis, abdicated 9 November
- Frederick Francis IV, abdicated 14 November
- Adolphus Frederick VI, died 23 November, thereafter vacant
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II, abdicated 11 November
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest, abdicated 9 November
Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, abdicated 15 November
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg, abdicated 22 November
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg, abdicated 22 November
- Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, abdicated 12 November
- Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, as regent), abdicated November
- Reuss Younger Line– Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, abdicated November
- Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, abdicated 13 November
Duchies
- Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt to 21 April, then Eduard, Duke of Anhalt to 13 September, then Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt (with Prince Aribert of Anhaltregent), abdicated 12 November
- Duke of Brunswick – Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, abdicated 8 November
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, abdicated 13 November
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, abdicated 14 November
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, abdicated 10 November
Colonial Governor
- German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Heinrich Schnee to 14 November, although most of territory under Allied occupation.
Events
February
- Date unknown - Arthur Scherbius applies to patent the Enigma machine.
October
- Kaiser Chancellor of Germany.
- King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria abdicates in the wake of the Bulgarian military collapse in WWI. He is succeeded by his son, Boris III.
- 4 October
- Wilhelm II of Germanyforms a new more liberal government to sue for peace.
November
- 3 November
- German Revolution: Sailors in the German fleet at Kiel mutiny, and throughout northern Germany soldiers and workers begin to establish revolutionary councils on the Russian soviet model.
- 9 November
- Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germanyabdicates and chooses to live in exile in the Netherlands.
- Proclamation of German Republic by Philipp Scheidemann in Berlin on the Reichstag balcony.
- Kaiser
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne), ending WWI, pose outside Marshal Foch's railway carriage
November 11: Front page of The New York Times on Armistice Day
- 11 November
- End of Compiègne Forest in France. It becomes official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.[1]
- End of
Born
- 10 January - Harry Merkel, German racing driver (died 1995)
- 1 March - Franz Becker, German footballer (died 1965)
- 3 March - Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (died 2000)
- 20 March - Bernd Alois Zimmermann, German composer (died 1970)
- 28 April - Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler, German journalist (died 2001)
- 24 May - Katharina Szelinski-Singer, German sculptor (died 2010)
- 1 August - Artur Brauner, German film producer (died 2019)
- 4 August - Claus Holm, German actor (died 1996)
- 22 September – Hans Scholl, German White Rose resistance member (died 1943)
- 10 October - Werner Dollinger, German politician (died 2008)
- 20 October - Werner Maihofer, German jurist and politician (died 2009)
- 26 October - Dietrich von Bothmer, German art historian (died 2009)
- 5 November - Gisela Arendt, German swimmer (died 1969)
- 8 November - Hermann Zapf, German typeface designer and calligrapher (died 2015)
- )
- 23 December – Helmut Schmidt, German politician (died 2015)
Deaths
![[icon]](/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2021) |
January
- 6 January – Georg Cantor, German mathematician (born 1845)
- 7 January – Julius Wellhausen, German biblical scholar (born 1844)
- 9 January – Max Ritter von Müller, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (born 1887)
- 10 January – August Oetker, German entrepreneur (born 1862)
- 21 January – Emil Jellinek, German automobile entrepreneur (born 1853)
February
- Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, nobleman (born 1882)
March
- 9 March – Frank Wedekind, German playwright (born 1864)
- 10 March
- Hans-Joachim Buddecke, German flying ace (killed in action) (born 1890)
- Eugen von Zimmerer, German prosecutor, attorney and (born 1843)
- 15 March – Adolf Ritter von Tutschek, German fighter ace (killed in action) (born 1891)
- 17 March – Hans Bethge, German World War I flying ace (born 1890)
- Richard Beitzen, German World War I naval officer (born 1882)
April
- 4 April – Hermann Cohen, German philosopher (born 1842)
- 20 April – Karl Ferdinand Braun, German inventor, physicist and Nobel laureate in physics (born 1850)
- 21 April
- Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt (born 1856)
- Manfred von Richthofen, German fighter pilot (born 1892)
- 27 April – Oscar Troplowitz, German pharmacist and entrepreneur (born 1863)
May
- )
- 28 May - Richard Assmann, German meteorologist and physician (born 1845)
June
- 24 June - Julius Kollmann, German anatomist and zoologist (born 1834)
July
- 7 July - Arno Bieberstein, German swimmer (born 1884)
- 9 July – Hans am Ende, German Impressionist painter (born 1864)
August
- 22 August – Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist and psychiatrist (born 1868)
- 30 August – Wilhelm Kühne, German World War I flying ace (born 1888)
September
- 10 September - Carl Peters, German colonial ruler, explorer, politician and author (born 1856)
- 13 September – Eduard, Duke of Anhalt, nobleman (born 1861).
- 23 September - Georg Theodor August Gaffky, German bacteriologist (born 1850)
- 28 September - Georg Simmel, German philosopher and sociologist (born 1858)
October
- 9 October - Hanns Braun, German athlete (born 1886)
- 18 October – Fritz Otto Brenert, German World War I flying ace (born 1893)
- 26 October – Olivier Freiherr von Beaulieu-Marconnay, German World War I flying ace (born 1898)
November
- 4 November - Hans Graf von Schwerin-Löwitz, German politician (born 1847)
- 5 November:
- 9 November - Albert Ballin, German shipping magnate (born 1857)
- 23 November - Fritz von Below, German general (born 1853)
- 22 December – Hermann Theodor Simon, German physicist (born 1870)
References
- ISBN 0-85052-974-3.
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