Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick

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Ernest Augustus
William VIII
SuccessorMonarchy abolished
Head of the House of Hanover
Pretence14 November 1923 – 30 January 1953
PredecessorErnest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover
SuccessorPrince Ernest Augustus
Born(1887-11-17)17 November 1887
Penzing, Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Died30 January 1953(1953-01-30) (aged 65)
Marienburg Castle, Hanover, Lower Saxony, West Germany
Burial1 February 1953
Berggarten Mausoleum, Hanover, Lower Saxony, West Germany
Spouse
(m. 1913)
Issue
Names
Ernest Augustus Christian George
German: Ernst August Christian Georg
HouseHanover
FatherErnest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover
MotherPrincess Thyra of Denmark

Ernest Augustus (Ernest Augustus Christian George, German: Ernst August Christian Georg); 17 November 1887 – 30 January 1953) was

Prussians
had deposed King George from the Hanoverian throne in 1866, but his marriage ended the decades-long feud between the Prussians and the Hanoverians.

Early life

Ernest Augustus was born at

Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom
, from inheriting the Hanoverian throne.

His father succeeded as pretender to the Hanoverian throne and as

Nicholas II of Russia
.

In 1884, the

Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
, who had previously acted as regent for his nephew in Mecklenburg.

Marriage and accession to the duchy of Brunswick

Photograph

When Ernest Augustus's older brother George died in an automobile accident on 20 May 1912, the German Emperor, Wilhelm II, sent a message of condolence to the Duke of Cumberland. In response to this friendly gesture, the Duke sent his only surviving son, Ernest Augustus, to Berlin to thank the Emperor for his message. Ernest Augustus and Wilhelm II were third cousins through George III of the United Kingdom. In Berlin, Ernest Augustus met and fell in love with the emperor's only daughter, Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.[citation needed]

On 24 May 1913, Ernest Augustus and Victoria Louise, third cousins once removed through descent from George III's sons

Royal Marriages Act.[4]

Brunswick Palace

On 27 October 1913, the Duke of Cumberland formally renounced his claims to the duchy of Brunswick in favor of his surviving son. The following day, the Federal Council voted to allow Ernest Augustus to become the reigning Duke of Brunswick. The new Duke of Brunswick formally took possession of his duchy on 1 November. He received a promotion to colonel in the Prussian

Prince Ernest Augustus, less than a year after their wedding.[citation needed
]

During the First World War, Ernest Augustus rose to the rank of

major-general
.

Abdication and later life

In 1917, the British dukedom of Ernest Augustus's father, and his own title as a Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, were suspended by the Titles Deprivation Act 1917, which took effect in 1919, as a result of the Duke's service in the German army during the war. On 8 November 1918, Ernest Augustus was forced to abdicate his throne, as were all the other German kings, grand dukes, dukes, and princes during the German Revolution of 1918–1919.[5] Thus, when his father died in 1923, Ernest Augustus did not succeed to his father's title of Duke of Cumberland. For the next thirty years, Ernest Augustus remained as head of the House of Hanover, living in retirement on his various estates, mainly Blankenburg Castle in Germany and Cumberland Castle in Gmunden, Austria. He also owned Marienburg Castle near Hanover, although rarely ever living there until 1945.

While Ernest Augustus never officially joined the

Prince of Wales. The Duke and Duchess of Brunswick refused, believing that the age difference was too great.[7] After his abdication in 1936, Edward VIII and his wife visited "the Cumberlands" at Cumberland Castle in Gmunden, Austria.[8] In 1938 Princess Frederica married Prince Paul of Greece, brother and heir-presumptive of King George II of Greece
.

By the time the Second World War ended in Europe in April 1945, he and his family were staying at Blankenburg.

British Occupation Zone, with all their furniture, transported by British Army trucks, on the order of King George VI.[10]

Mausoleum at Herrenhausen Gardens in Hanover

Ernest Augustus lived to see his daughter Frederica become a queen consort in 1947 when her husband Paul became King of the Hellenes. Ernest Augustus died at Marienburg Castle in 1953. He was interred, later to be joined by the remains of his wife, in front of the Royal Mausoleum in the Berggarten at Herrenhausen Gardens in Hanover, which is the burial chapel of King Ernest Augustus of Hanover and his wife. [11]

Issue

The Duke and Duchess of Brunswick had five children:[12]

Honours

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ "Royal Wedding In Berlin 1913". British Pathe News. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  2. ^ Riotte 2011, p. 305.
  3. ^ Emmerson 2013, p. 13
  4. ^ The London Gazette, Issue 28700, p. 2053
  5. London Gazette
    . His Majesty's Stationery Office. 28 March 1919. pp. Issue 31255, Page 4000. Retrieved 28 November 2011. Their Lordships do humbly report to Your Majesty that the persons hereinafter named have adhered to Your Majesty's enemies during the present war: —His Royal Highness Leopold Charles, Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow; His Royal Highness Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Earl of Armagh; His Royal Highness Ernest Augustus (Duke of Brunswick), Prince of Great Britain and Ireland; Henry, Viscount Taaffe of Corren and Baron of Ballymote."
  6. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 99.
  7. ^ Petropoulos 2006, pp. 159–62.
  8. ^ Victoria Louise, autobiography Life as Daughter of the Emperor
  9. ^ MacDonogh 2007, p. 75.
  10. ^ Viktoria Luise 1977, pp. 155.
  11. ^ "Herzogin Viktoria Luise - Munzinger Biographie". www.munzinger.de. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  12. Ernest Augustus, Prince of Hanover (b. 1954) to Princess Caroline of Monaco, the couple received official consent from the reigning British monarch, Elizabeth II. The 1772 act was repealed on 26 March 2015 in accordance with the Perth Agreement.[citation needed
    ]
  13. ^ a b c d e Ruvigny, Melville Henry Massue, 9th Marquis of. Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, London: Harrison & Sons, 1914. p. 56
  14. ^ a b c Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1943) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1943 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1943] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 81. Retrieved 16 September 2019 – via da:DIS Danmark.
  15. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (1918), "Ritter-Orden: St. Stephan-Orden" p. 56

Sources

External links

Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
Cadet branch of the House of Welf
Born: 17 November 1887 Died: 30 January 1953
Regnal titles
Vacant
Ernest Augustus unrecognized
Title last held by
William
Duke of Brunswick

2 November 1913 – 8 November 1918
Vacant
German Revolution
Titles in pretence
Loss of title
— TITULAR —
German Revolution
Succeeded by
Preceded by — TITULAR —
King of Hanover
14 November 1923 – 30 January 1953
Reason for succession failure:
Austro-Prussian War
— TITULAR —
Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale
14 November 1923 – 30 January 1953
Reason for succession failure:
Titles Deprivation Act 1917