Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
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Ernest Augustus | |||||
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William VIII | |||||
Successor | Monarchy abolished | ||||
Head of the House of Hanover | |||||
Pretence | 14 November 1923 – 30 January 1953 | ||||
Predecessor | Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover | ||||
Successor | Prince Ernest Augustus | ||||
Born | Penzing, Vienna, Austria-Hungary | 17 November 1887||||
Died | 30 January 1953 Marienburg Castle, Hanover, Lower Saxony, West Germany | (aged 65)||||
Burial | 1 February 1953 | ||||
Spouse | |||||
Issue |
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House | Hanover | ||||
Father | Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover | ||||
Mother | Princess Thyra of Denmark |
Ernest Augustus (Ernest Augustus Christian George, German: Ernst August Christian Georg); 17 November 1887 – 30 January 1953) was
Early life
Ernest Augustus was born at
His father succeeded as pretender to the Hanoverian throne and as
In 1884, the
Marriage and accession to the duchy of Brunswick
When Ernest Augustus's older brother George died in an automobile accident on 20 May 1912, the German Emperor, Wilhelm II, sent a message of condolence to the Duke of Cumberland. In response to this friendly gesture, the Duke sent his only surviving son, Ernest Augustus, to Berlin to thank the Emperor for his message. Ernest Augustus and Wilhelm II were third cousins through George III of the United Kingdom. In Berlin, Ernest Augustus met and fell in love with the emperor's only daughter, Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.[citation needed]
On 24 May 1913, Ernest Augustus and Victoria Louise, third cousins once removed through descent from George III's sons
On 27 October 1913, the Duke of Cumberland formally renounced his claims to the duchy of Brunswick in favor of his surviving son. The following day, the Federal Council voted to allow Ernest Augustus to become the reigning Duke of Brunswick. The new Duke of Brunswick formally took possession of his duchy on 1 November. He received a promotion to colonel in the Prussian
During the First World War, Ernest Augustus rose to the rank of
Abdication and later life
In 1917, the British dukedom of Ernest Augustus's father, and his own title as a Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, were suspended by the Titles Deprivation Act 1917, which took effect in 1919, as a result of the Duke's service in the German army during the war. On 8 November 1918, Ernest Augustus was forced to abdicate his throne, as were all the other German kings, grand dukes, dukes, and princes during the German Revolution of 1918–1919.[5] Thus, when his father died in 1923, Ernest Augustus did not succeed to his father's title of Duke of Cumberland. For the next thirty years, Ernest Augustus remained as head of the House of Hanover, living in retirement on his various estates, mainly Blankenburg Castle in Germany and Cumberland Castle in Gmunden, Austria. He also owned Marienburg Castle near Hanover, although rarely ever living there until 1945.
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Blankenburg Castle near Brunswick
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Cumberland Castle, Gmunden, Austria
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Marienburg Castle near Hanover
While Ernest Augustus never officially joined the
By the time the Second World War ended in Europe in April 1945, he and his family were staying at Blankenburg.
Ernest Augustus lived to see his daughter Frederica become a queen consort in 1947 when her husband Paul became King of the Hellenes. Ernest Augustus died at Marienburg Castle in 1953. He was interred, later to be joined by the remains of his wife, in front of the Royal Mausoleum in the Berggarten at Herrenhausen Gardens in Hanover, which is the burial chapel of King Ernest Augustus of Hanover and his wife. [11]
Issue
The Duke and Duchess of Brunswick had five children:[12]
- Ernest Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick (18 March 1914 – 9 December 1987); married (1) 1951, Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (19 December 1925 – 6 February 1980), and had issue; and (2) 1981, Countess Monika zu Solms-Laubach (8 August 1929 – 4 June 2015).
- Prince George William (25 March 1915 – 8 January 2006); married 1946 Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (26 June 1914 – 24 November 2001), and had issue.
- Felipe VI of Spain. [citation needed]
- Prince Christian Oscar Ernst August Wilhelm Viktor Georg Heinrich of Hanover (1 September 1919 – 10 December 1981); married 1963 (divorced 1976) Mireille Dutry (b. 10 January 1946), and had issue.
- Prince Welf Heinrich Ernst August Georg Christian Berthold Friedrich Wilhelm Louis Ferdinand of Hanover (11 March 1923 – 12 July 1997); married 1960 Princess Alexandra of Ysenburg and Büdingen(23 October 1937 – 1 June 2015), and had no issue.
Honours
- Grand Cross of Henry the Lion, ca. 1903; Sovereign Grand Master, 1 November 1913 (Duchy of Brunswick)
- Knight of St. George, 29 August 1903;[13] Sovereign Grand Master, 14 November 1923 (Hanoverian Royal Family)
- Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order, ca. 1903; Sovereign Grand Master, 14 November 1923 (Hanoverian Royal Family)
- Grand Cross of the Order of Ernst August, ca. 1903; Sovereign Grand Master, 14 November 1923 (Hanoverian Royal Family)
- Commemorative Medal for the Golden Wedding of King Christian IX and Queen Louise (Denmark)[14]
- King Christian IX Centenary Medal (Denmark)[14]
- Knight of St. Hubert, 1909 (Kingdom of Bavaria)[13]
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 13 February 1913 (German Empire)[13]
- Grand Cross of the Red Eagle, ca. February 1913 (German Empire)
- Knight of St. Andrew, 24 May 1913 (Russian Empire)[13]
- War Merit Cross, 2nd Class, ca. 1914 (Duchy of Brunswick)
- War Merit Cross, 1st Class, ca. 1914 (Duchy of Brunswick)
- Iron Cross, 2nd Class, ca. 1914 (German Empire)
- Iron Cross, 1st Class, ca. 1914 (German Empire)
- Grand Cross of St. Stephen, ca. 1914 (Austria-Hungary)[15]
- Grand Cross of the Redeemer, 9 January 1938 (Kingdom of Greece)[citation needed]
Ancestry
Ancestors of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
- ^ "Royal Wedding In Berlin 1913". British Pathe News. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ Riotte 2011, p. 305.
- ^ Emmerson 2013, p. 13
- ^ The London Gazette, Issue 28700, p. 2053
- London Gazette. His Majesty's Stationery Office. 28 March 1919. pp. Issue 31255, Page 4000. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
Their Lordships do humbly report to Your Majesty that the persons hereinafter named have adhered to Your Majesty's enemies during the present war: —His Royal Highness Leopold Charles, Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow; His Royal Highness Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Earl of Armagh; His Royal Highness Ernest Augustus (Duke of Brunswick), Prince of Great Britain and Ireland; Henry, Viscount Taaffe of Corren and Baron of Ballymote."
- ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 99.
- ^ Petropoulos 2006, pp. 159–62.
- ^ Victoria Louise, autobiography Life as Daughter of the Emperor
- ^ MacDonogh 2007, p. 75.
- ^ Viktoria Luise 1977, pp. 155.
- ^ "Herzogin Viktoria Luise - Munzinger Biographie". www.munzinger.de. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- Ernest Augustus, Prince of Hanover (b. 1954) to Princess Caroline of Monaco, the couple received official consent from the reigning British monarch, Elizabeth II. The 1772 act was repealed on 26 March 2015 in accordance with the Perth Agreement.[citation needed]
- ^ a b c d e Ruvigny, Melville Henry Massue, 9th Marquis of. Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, London: Harrison & Sons, 1914. p. 56
- ^ a b c Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1943) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1943 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1943] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 81. Retrieved 16 September 2019 – via da:DIS Danmark.
- ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (1918), "Ritter-Orden: St. Stephan-Orden" p. 56
Sources
- Succession Laws in the House of Braunschweig, by François R. Velde
- Emmerson, Charles (2013). 1913: The World before the Great War (2013 ed.). Random House. ISBN 9781448137329. - Total pages: 544
- MacDonogh, Giles (2007). After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation. New York: Basic Books. p. 75. ISBN 978-0465003389.
victoria louise.
- Petropoulos, Jonathan (2006). Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195339274.
- Riotte, Torsten (2011). "Hanoverian Exile and Prussian Governance: King George V of Hanover and His Successor in Austria, 1866–1913". In Mansel, Philip; Riotte, Torsten (eds.). Monarchy and Exile: The Politics of Legitimacy from Marie de Médicis to Wilhelm II. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-24905-9.
- Viktoria Luise, Herzogin zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg (1977). The Kaiser's Daughter: Memoirs of H. R. H. Viktoria Luise, Duchess of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Princess of Prussia. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-514653-8.