Agriculture in Albania
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Economy of Albania |
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Overview |
Albanian topics |
Agriculture in Albania is still a significant sector of the
The country encompasses coastal plains in the west to the
The country experiences mostly mediterranean climate with continental influences.[3] That means that the climate is characterised by mild winters and hot, dry summers. The warmest areas of the country are along the west, where climate is profoundly impacted by the sea. The coldest parts of the country are at the north and east, where snowy forested climate is prevalent.
In 1990, domestic farm products accounted for 63% of household expenditures and 25% of exports.[4] As part of the pre-accession process of Albania to the European Union, farmers are being aided through IPA funds to improve the Albanian agriculture standards.[5]
As of the
One of the earliest farming sites in Europe has been found in Southeastern Albania.[7]
Aquaculture
Both the
Extensive marine fish cultivation has been practiced in the country in the 1950s.
The cultivation of
Viticulture
In 1912, gained widespread popularity among the local population but was almost destroyed in 1933 by
Moreover, the exports of wine decreased continuously from 61,000 hectoliters in 1971 to 22,000 hectoliters in 1985. The reasons are to be found mainly in outdated production conditions and insufficient technical material that made it difficult to transport and lowered the quality. On the other hand, the export of easily transportable graisins was continuously in increase (up to 3500 tons per year), while the export of fresh grapes was marginal.
Production
The main agricultural products in the country are
Exports of medicinal and aromatic plants in 2020 totaled 14,000 tonnes worth US$59 million. Cultivation of nettles, cowslip, lavender, sage and other herbal plants employ some 100,000 Albanians.[25]
Agriculture accounts for 18.9% of the GDP and a large portion of the exports. However, it is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming because of lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. The post-1990 land fragmentation, uncertain land ownership, lack of state registries and bank crediting, and high VAT are all obstacles to a modern agricultural industry. There is also a concern that agricultural products originating from Albania are being stamped as 'Product of Turkey' for the international market.[citation needed]
Albania has soils and a climate favorable to an extensive lumber industry.[4] Many of the historic forests of Albania were destroyed with inefficient wood industry and expanse of agricultural land in the 1990s. Today, forests cover about one third of Albania's land area and, due to an agreement with Italy and the World Bank, there is a large amount of reforestation underway.[citation needed]
Albania is the 11th largest producer of olive oil.[26]
Albania produced in 2018:
- 391 thousand tons of maize;
- 288 thousand tons of tomato;
- 254 thousand tons of potato;
- 240 thousand tons of wheat;
- 239 thousand tons of watermelon;
- 184 thousand tons of grape;
- 120 thousand tons of cucumber;
- 117 thousand tons of olive;
- 108 thousand tons of apple;
- 100 thousand tons of onion;
- 81 thousand tons of bell pepper;
In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, like
Horticulture
Albania produces a wide variety of fruits, nuts and vegetables, while its production is constantly growing.[28]
International rankings
Crop (total production) Rank Countries reviewed Sloes[29](Total production) 201431 85 Grapes[30] (Total production) 2014 36 90 Watermelones[31] (Total production) 2014 40 130 Fruits[32] (Total production; without melones) 2014 98 205 Figs[33](Total production) 201411 52 Cucumbers[34] (Total production) 2014 39 133
See also
- Economy of Albania
- Geography of Albania
- Cuisine of Albania
- Agricultural University of Tirana
- RTSH Agro, public broadcaster channel dedicated to Albania’s agriculture scene
Further reading
- Bernet, Thomas & Kazazi, Iris S. Organic Agriculture in Albania: Sector Study 2011. Swiss Coordination Office in Albania (SCO-A), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) & Ministry of Agriculture of Albania, Tirana, Albania, 2012
- Diku, Abdulla. OPTIONS FOR GHG MITIGATION IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN ALBANIA, March 2012 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- Dashi E., Guri F. "Food, Rural, Agricultural and Fisheries Policies in Albania". In : Allaya M. (ed.) Les agricultures méditerranéennes : analyses par pays. Montpellier : CIHEAM, 2008. p. 241-264 (Options Méditerranéennes : Série B. Etudes et Recherches; n. 61)
- Jojic Etleva; Bujar Huqi, Fatbardh Sallaku, Odeta Tota, and Shkelqim Fortuzi. "Land Fragmentation and Utilization of Agricultural Machinery in Albanian Conditions", Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 41 (2), 2009
- Miluka, Juna; Gero Carletto, Benjamin Davis, and Alberto Zezza. "The Vanishing Farms? The Impact of International Migration on Albanian Family Farming", Journal of Development Studies 46, no.1 (2010): 1140 - 1161
- Muller, Daniel and Thomas Sikor. "Effects of Post-Socialist Reforms on Land Cover and Land Use in South-Eastern Albania." Applied Geography 26, no. 3-4 (2006):175-191.
- Levene, David (1 January 2013). "Albania's chestnut, cheese and pasta workers". The Guardian.
- LeBlanc, Tyler (26 December 2014). "Albania Mania: Perfect beaches, mountain hikes and truly local food. Packing yet?". Modern Farmer.
- CIA World Factbook
- Encyclopædia Britannica
External links
- Organic Europe: Albania Profile Archived 2020-01-23 at the Wayback Machine
- Agroweb Albanian Agriculture Portal
- Agr.al Albanian Agricultural Products Virtual Market
- Albanian Agribusiness Council Official Website
- Organic Agriculture Association of Albania Official Website
- Albanian Women in Business Official Website
- Well Food Hub Adriatic Project Archived 2020-03-26 at the Wayback Machine
- Slow Food Foundation Arch of Taste
- Agency for Agricultural and Rural Development Official Website
- Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Water Administration of Albania Official Website
References
- ^ Food and Agriculture Organization. "Albania: FAO Country Programming Framework in the Republic of Albania 2015-2017" (PDF). fao.org. p. 7.
- ^ Prof. Andrea Shundi. "Albania". fao.org. Archived from the original on 2004-10-31. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
- ^ Ministry of Environment of Albania. "Albania's Second National Communication to the Conference of Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" (PDF). unfccc.int. Tirana. p. 28.
- ^ OCLC 29360048.
- ^ "IPA National Programme 2011 for Albania Project Fiche 7: Support to Agriculture and Rural Development" (PDF). Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ^ agroweb (26 April 2017). "Dyfishohet eksporti i fruta-perimeve, 3-fishohet ai i vezëve". agroweb.org (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ "UC Research Reveals One of the Earliest Farming Sites in Europe". Uc.edu. 2012-04-16. Archived from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
- ISBN 9783319113852.
- ^ Aleksander Flloko. "Fish marketing and trading in Albania" (PDF). faoadriamed.org. p. 5.
- ^ Center for International Development, Harvard University. "INCREASING EXPORTS OF ALBANIAN CULTIVATED FISH TO THE EU" (PDF). growthlab.cid.harvard.edu.
- ^ "Organic Agriculture in Albania" (PDF). orgprints.org. p. 7.
- ^ University of British Columbia (2 July 2017). "Reconstruction of Albania fishery catches by fishing gear" (PDF). seaaroundus.org. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-07-02.
- ^ a b c Food and Agriculture Organization. "Albania". fao.org.
- Fan Noli University. "ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZATION OF THE OHRID TROUT AND THE PRESENCE OF ITS SUMMER FORM IN THE LAKE"(PDF). animalsciencejournal.usamv.ro.
- ^ a b c Center for International Development, Harvard University. "CONDITIONS FOR RE-OPENING EXPORTS OF ALBANIAN MUSSELS TO THE EU" (PDF). albania.growthlab.cid.harvard.edu. p. 4.
- ^ Aleksi Pëllumb; Ceschia Giuseppe; Sulaj Kapllan. "First report of Marteiliosis in Mytilus galloprovincialis in Albania" (PDF). sipi-online.it. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
- PMID 29090677.
- ^ Lefter KASHTA; Sajmir BEQIRAJ; Virginie TILOT; Violeta ZUNA; Eno DODBIBA. "THE FIRST MPA IN ALBANIA, SAZANI ISLAND – KARABURUNI PENINSULA, AS A REGIONAL PRIORITY CONSERVATION AREA FOR MARINE BIODIVERSITY" (PDF). zrsvn.si. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
- ISBN 978-1-4053-5979-5.
- ^ PATTI MORROW (5 January 2017). "Why Albania Is A Great Destination For Wine Drinkers". epicureandculture.com.
- ISBN 9780198705383.
- ISBN 0-7566-1324-8.
- ISBN 9780198705383.
- ^ Petraq Ilollari (Sotiri) (2010). Vitis Vinifera në vendin tonë/Vitis Vinifera in Our Country. pp. 8–13.
- ^ Mema, Briseida. "'Silver lining': Albania medicinal herbs bloom in pandemic". France24. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
- ^ "Top 25 Olive Oil Producing Countries". Archived from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2017-04-16.
- ^ Austria production in 2018, by FAO
- ^ "COMPETITIVENESS OF ALBANIAN AGRICULTURE: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SUB-SECTOR IN FIER REGION" (PDF). ifama.org.
- ^ "Plums and sloes, production quantity (tons) - for all countries".
- ^ "Grapes, production quantity (tons) - for all countries".
- ^ "Watermelons, production quantity (tons) - for all countries".
- ^ "Fruits without melons, total, production quantity (tons) - for all countries". factfish.com. Archived from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2017-04-16.
- ^ "Figs, production quantity (tons) - for all countries". factfish.com.
- ^ "Cucumbers and gherkins, production quantity (tons) - for all countries". factfish.com.