Agriculture in Romania
This article needs to be updated.(November 2023) |
Agriculture summed up about 4.3% of
Mechanization is comparatively poor, with one tractor available for every 54 hectares, while the EU average is one tractor for every 13 hectares.[6] Approximately 170,000 tractors exist in Romania, of which about 80% are aging or obsolete.[6] In many regions of the country, farmers still use horse-drawn agriculture tools and rely on animal power. Unlike Western Europe, where tractors are replaced after 3,000-4,000 hours of use, in Romania they sometimes last up to 12,000 hours.[6]
The main problems encountered by Romanian agriculturists are a lack of major investments in agriculture, due to difficulty in accessing available funds, fragmentation and erosion of soil, property-related lawsuits and obsolete technology. Several major companies have entered the Romanian market, including
Production
According to the National Statistics Institute, in 2006 991,000 ha of sun-flower and 191,000 ha of soybean were cultivated. Cereal production in 2006 stood at 15.1 million tons, including 5.3 million tons of wheat and 8.6 million tons of maize.[7] In 2007, a severe drought destroyed over 60% of crops. Wheat production subsequently fell to 3 million tons, and prices fell 25%. Analysts claimed it was the worst harvest since 1940.[8]
Production year | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wheat | 4434 | 7735 | 4421 | 2479 | 7812 | 7340 | 5526 | 3044 | 7181 | 5202 | 5587 | 7192 |
Potatoes | 3469 | 3997 | 4077 | 3947 | 4230 | 3738 | 4015 | 3712 | 3649 | 4004 | 3258 | 4113 |
Sunflower | 720 | 823 | 1002 | 1506 | 1557 | 1340 | 1526 | 546 | 1169 | 1098 | 1264 | 1864 |
Tomatoes | - | 651 | 658 | 818 | 805 | 379 | 571 | 407 | 536 | 470 | 414 | 560 |
Apples | - | 507 | 491 | 811 | 1097 | 611 | 579 | 472 | 455 | 513 | 543 | 624 |
Cereal, fruit and vegetable production: (thousands of tons)[9]
Through the Common Agricultural Policy, Romania will receive 14.5 billion euros between 2007 and 2013, according to statements made by the World Bank.[needs update]
Romania produced in 2018:
- 18.6 million tons of maize (9th largest producer in the world);
- 10.1 million tons of wheat (16th largest producer in the world);
- 3 million tons of sunflower seeds (4th largest producer in the world, only behind Ukraine, Russia and Argentina);
- 3 million tons of potatoes;
- 1.8 million tons of barley;
- 1.6 million tons of rapeseed;
- 1.1 million tons of grapes (17th largest producer in the world);
- 1 million tons of cabbage;
- 978 thousand tons of sugar beets, which are used to produce sugar and ethanol;
- 842 thousand tons of plums (2nd largest producer in the world, only behind China);
- 742 thousand tons of tomatoes;
- 643 thousand tons of apples;
- 521 thousand tons of watermelons;
- 465 thousand tons of soy;
- 383 thousand tons of oats;
In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.[10]
Romanian agricultural research
Agricultural research in Romania developed mainly through the Agronomical Research Institute (founded 1927), and post-World War II through its successor, the Research Institute for Cereals and Industrial Crops. Some of the main Romanian agricultural scientists include Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești, Nichifor Ceapoiu, Zoe Țapu, Alexandru-Viorel Vrânceanu, Cristian Hera, Nicolae N. Săulescu, and others.[11][12]
Genetically modified crops
References
- ^ Unnamed (28 March 2016). "Investing in Romania". Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ 6,8 milioane de hectare agricole nu sunt lucrate[permanent dead link], standard.ro, Retrieved 6 May 2009
- ^ "Record year for agriculture in 2018: Romania ranks first in EU for maize and sunflower production". 14 January 2019.
- ^ "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) – Romania | Data".
- ^ a b "Farmers in the EU – statistics – Statistics Explained". Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ a b c Chinezii încep producţia de tractoare la Râşnov Archived 13 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, standard.ro, Retrieved 11 September 2009
- ^ Holdingul Agro Chirnogi imprumuta noua mil. € pentru a-si extinde culturile agricole[permanent dead link], Retrieved 4 May 2009
- ^ "Graul din noua recolta va fi cu 25% mai ieftin". Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- ^ "Home – Eurostat". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- ^ "FAOSTAT". Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- ^ "INCDA Fundulea – Câteva din rezultate: ameliorare și genetică". Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- ^ Săulescu N. N., Ittu G., Ittu Mariana, Mustățea P. Cinci decenii de ameliorare a grâului la Fundulea
- S2CID 55001415.