Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)
This article is missing information about the group from after 2011.(January 2018) |
Al-Awda | |
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العودة | |
Leaders | Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed |
Dates of operation | June 2003 – unknown |
Active regions | Sunni Triangle, Northern Iraq |
Ideology | Ba'athism |
Allies | Syria (alleged) |
Opponents | MNF-I Iraqi security forces |
Battles and wars | Iraq War |
Part of a series on |
Ba'athism |
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Al-Awda (
Organization
The party was believed to be a network of underground cells, mainly in the key urban areas, composed of former Ba'ath Party officials, intelligence agents, former members of the
Propaganda and goals
The party propaganda indicated that its goal was to restore the regime of Saddam Hussein to power, as the name indicates, and expel multinational occupation forces from the country. Al-Awda is believed is to be the term coined by the insurgents for the Ba'ath Party following the fall of Saddam Hussein from power. The name was chosen for propaganda reasons to raise the threat of the Ba'ath Party's return to power and to evoke the Palestinian struggle against Israel.[citation needed]
In contrast to the JRTN, Ahmed has focused far more on securing political rehabilitation, amnesties and the repatriation of Baathist exiles than he has the violent overthrow of the Iraqi government and a Baathist return to power.[1]
In his attempts to reunite the party, Ahmed built a close working relationship with the Syrian government, unlike al-Douri, who distrusts the Syrians due to their alliance with the Iranians. The Syrian government quietly supports Ahmed to gain more control over the Iraqi Ba'ath party.[2]
Ahmed's attempts to recruit support in Syria from former Iraqi Ba'athists are meeting some success, particularly among the poorer Sunni Arab segment of the refugee population, due in part to Ahmed's ability to offer cash incentives and Syrian residency permits due to their closeness to the Syrian government.[2]
The al-Awda party led by Ahmed is believed to contain most of the remaining leading party figures who were not arrested or executed,[3] including Mezher Motni Awad, To'ma Di'aiyef Getan, Jabbar Haddoosh, Sajer Zubair, and Nihad alDulaimi.[3]
It could be said that al-Ahmed has returned to the Ba'ath Party's original ideology of secular pan-Arab nationalism, which, in many cases, has proven successful in Iraq's Shi'a-dominated southern provinces.[3] However, despite his attempts, al-Ahmed failed to overthrow al-Douri.[3] Al-Douri's faction is the largest and the most active on the Internet, and most Ba'athist websites are aligned with al-Douri.[3] Another failure is that al-Ahmed's faction, which is based in Syria, does not have exclusive Syrian support[3] and, considering that it is based in Syria, the party is susceptible to Syrian interference in its affairs.[3] However, despite the differences between the al-Douri and al-Ahmed factions, both adhere to Ba'athist thought.[3]
In contrast to al-Douri's group, al-Ahmad's faction has successfully recruited
Saddam's death and party split: 2006–2011
The al-Awda party has a schism from the
Attempts at reconciliation
According to leaked diplomatic cables, in March 2009, several members of the former Ba'athist government claiming to represent the Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed led faction of the Ba'ath party approached Coalition Forces and the Provincial Reconstruction Team in Saladin Governorate. The figures met with representatives of the Coalition instead of representatives of the Iraqi Government because they claimed the Iraqi government was under Iranian influence and might seek revenge against any Ba'ath Party members.[citation needed]
The representatives claimed that the Younis-led faction was dissatisfied with the present government of Iraq, which they claimed was sectarian and failed to provide infrastructure and public services. The representatives claimed that the Younis-led faction wasn't opposed to democracy and wished to participate peacefully in the democratic process. They also claimed that unlike the al-Douri-led faction, they recognized that the pre-2003 Ba'athist government had made many mistakes and that Iraq could not return to that system of government.[citation needed]
Government crackdowns
In December 2008, some 25 security officials were arrested for membership in Awda and attempting to restore the Ba'ath party, with some claiming they were planning a coup.[5][6] The actual number of those involved may have reached 35, and included both Sunnis and Shiites and high ranking generals at the Interior Ministry, some of whom Awda had allegedly recruited through bribery.[7]
An Awda party senior official was arrested in a crackdown on the organisation in
In October 2011 Iraqi security figures announced that they had detained 350 members of the Awda party in a large operation across several provinces. The government claimed the group had been trying to reorganize the Ba'ath party, and work to undermine stability in the country, with a mind to seizing power following the US withdrawal the following year.[9] The group appeared to be quite active in Nasiriyah, with 36 Ba'ath party leaders arrested there.[10]
References
- ^ Washington Institute. 2010. Archived(PDF) from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ New York Times. Archivedfrom the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ali, Fadhil (5 January 2007). "Reviving the Iraqi Ba'ath Party: A Profile of General Muhammad Yunis al-Ahmad al-Muwali" (PDF). Jamestown Foundation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 October 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
- ^ al-Lami, Alaa (18 January 2012). "Sectarian Divisions Plague Iraqi Baath Party". Al Akhbar. Archived from the original on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- Huffington Post. Archivedfrom the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- Baltimore Sun. 19 December 2008. Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ "Iraqi Officials Arrested on Baath Party Suspicions". Newshour. PBS. 18 December 2008. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ Berwani, Hawar (2 July 2010). "Baathist detained in Diala". Iraqi News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ Rasheed, Ahmed and al-Salhy, Suadad (25 October 2011). "Iraq rounds up Baathists ahead of U.S. pullout". Reuters. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)[dead link] - ^ "Measures need to be taken against Awda Party". Aswat al-Iraq. 25 October 2011. Archived from the original on 3 September 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.