Amanita fulva

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Amanita fulva
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Amanitaceae
Genus: Amanita
Species:
A. fulva
Binomial name
Amanita fulva
Synonyms[1]
Amanita fulva
mycorrhizal
Edibility is edible but not recommended

Amanita fulva, commonly called the tawny grisette or the orange-brown ringless amanita,

basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Amanita. It is found frequently in deciduous and coniferous forests of Europe
, and possibly North America.

Taxonomy

Amanita fulva was first described by

Amanitopsis due to their lack of a ring, unlike other Amanita species. However this distinction is now seen as insufficient to warrant a separate genus. Nowadays, A. fulva and similar ringless species of Amanita are placed in the section Vaginatae ss according to the classification of Bas.[3]

Description

Emergent
Emergent
Immature
Immature
Mature
Mature
Maturation of A. fulva in three stages - an emergent (far left), an immature (middle) and a mature specimen (right). Note the glistening brown caps, smooth white stems and brown-tinged volvas.

The

nonamyloid.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Amanita fulva, distributed throughout Europe, occurs in a variety of forests. It is generally found with oak (Quercus), birch (Betula), spruce (Picea), pine (Pinus), chestnut (Castanea) and alder (Alnus), with which it forms mycorrhizae. It is often found with birch in Scandinavia, while collections from southern Europe are usually from forests of oak, chestnut and pine.[3] It grows in acidic soils and fruits from summer to late autumn (May to November in the UK). It is a common to scarce fungus,[8] and is very common in Britain.[9][10]

Amanita fulva is considered to be widely distributed in North America in deciduous and coniferous forests, although collections could possibly be of a different, yet undescribed species.[11] In addition, the name Amanita fulva has in the past been misapplied to other North American taxa, such as A. amerifulva and others.[6]

Edibility

Amanita fulva is one of the few good edible species in its genus. Though this particular species is considered edible, it must be identified with care as other members of the genus Amanita are poisonous and some are deadly. For this reason, consuming A. fulva can be dangerous and is not recommended.[8][9][12] Some authors indicate the fungus is potentially toxic when raw, and is suitable for consumption only when cooked.[13][14]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amanita fulva.

References

  1. ^ a b "Synonymy: Amanita fulva". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
  2. ^ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
  3. ^
    ISSN 0775-9592
    .
  4. ^ "Amanita fulva at Rogers Mushrooms". Rogers Plants Ltd. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
  5. ^ "Amanita fulva, Tawny Grisette, identification guide". First Nature. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
  6. ^ a b "Amanita fulva". Amanitaceae.org. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  7. ^ Rodham E. Tulloss-Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Fr. http://pluto.njcc.com/~ret/amanita/species/fulva.html Archived 2006-01-06 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^
    ISBN 0-00-220025-2
    .
  9. ^
    ISBN 0-7153-0129-2
    .
  10. ^ Amanita Fulva: Distribution and populations, asturnatura.com, translated from the original
  11. ^ Kuo, M. (2002, September). Amanita fulva. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_fulva.html
  12. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2
    .
  13. ISBN 2-84494-270-9
    .
  14. ISBN 978-0-7475-8932-7
    .
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