Amenthes quadrangle
Coordinates | 15°00′N 247°30′W / 15°N 247.5°W |
---|
The Amenthes quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Amenthes quadrangle is also referred to as MC-14 (Mars Chart-14).[1] The quadrangle covers the area from 225° to 270° west longitude and from 0° to 30° north latitude on Mars. Amenthes quadrangle contains parts of Utopia Planitia, Isidis Planitia, Terra Cimmeria, and Tyrrhena Terra.
The name Amenthes is the Egyptian word for the place where the souls of the dead go.[2]
This
The Beagle 2 lander was about to land in the quadrangle, particularly in the eastern part of Isidis Planitia, in December 2003, when contact with the craft was lost. In January 2015, NASA reported the Beagle 2 had been found on the surface in Isidis Planitia (location is about 11°31′35″N 90°25′46″E / 11.5265°N 90.4295°E).[3][4] High-resolution images captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter identified the lost probe, which appears to be intact.[5][6][7] (see discovery images here)
Craters
Some craters in the Amenthes region (as well as other parts of Mars) show ejecta around them that have lobes. It is believed that the lobed shape is caused by an impact into water or ice logged ground. Calculations suggest that ice is stable beneath the Martian surface.
At the equator the stable layer of ice might lie under as much as 1 kilometer of material, but at higher latitudes the ice may be just a few centimeters below the surface. This was proven when the landing rockets on the
Impact craters generally have a rim with ejecta around them, in contrast volcanic craters usually do not have a rim or ejecta deposits.
-
Escalante Crater wall, as seen by HiRISE. Image on left is an enlargement.
-
Onon Crater, as seen by HiRISE. Scale bar is 500 meters long.
-
Libya Montes Region, as seen by HiRISE. Image contains some sheer rock cliffs.
-
Western side ofDu Martheray Crater, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter)
-
Crater and ejecta, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Close view of crater and ejecta, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Close view of crater, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Close view of crater ejecta, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Close view of layers in crater, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Rocks at crater rim, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
Hebrus Valles
Hebrus Vales has tributaries, terraces, and teardrop shaped islands. The tear drop shape of the islands indicate what direction the water used to flow. The terraces may be caused by different layers of rocks or from the water being at different levels.[13] These features are common for the rivers of the Earth.
-
Hebrus Valles, as seen by THEMIS. Direction of flow was determined by shape of streamlined islands. Terraces may have been due to separate flood events.
-
Hebrus Valles, as seen from Themis. Since discontinuous pits and troughs are present, collapse of material into a void may have caused the troughs.
Streamlined shapes
Streamlined shapes are formed from erosion by flowing water.
-
Wide view of streamlined shapes, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Close view of streamlined shapes, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Arrow indicates the direction of past flowing water.
-
Close view of streamlined shapes, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Close view of streamlined shapes, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Close view of streamlined shapes, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Close view of streamlined shape, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Streamlined shapes formed by flowing water, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
Cones
-
Wide view of cones and trough, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Cone next to a trough, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish
-
Cones, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish
-
Line of cones, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Cones, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. White arrows point to some of the cones.
-
Close view of cones, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Close view of cones, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
Mesas
Mesas form when erosion has removed much of the surrounding ground. They are the remains of material that once covered a wide area.
-
Layered mesa that appears to have a streamlined shape, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. A channel has cut through a lower layer.
-
Layered mesa, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
Fossae
The Amenthes quadrangle is also home to troughs (long narrow depressions) called fossae in the geographical language used for Mars. These troughs form when the crust is stretched until it breaks. The stretching can be due to the large weight of a nearby volcano.
-
Wall of trough of Amenthes Fossae, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Large pits, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Trough, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Fossaoften form by material moving into an underground void.
-
Troughs, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Troughs cutting through mesa, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
Channels
-
Group of channels, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
-
Granicus VallisTributary, as seen by HiRISE
-
Channel along edge of crater ejecta, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Arrows show channel.
-
Channels, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
Other landscape features
-
Map of Amenthes quadrangle. The northwest part includesEscalante Crateris near the equator.
-
Lobate ejecta in Amenthes. Large crater has lobate ejecta, smaller craters do not show such ejecta since the ice layer was not penetrated by the smaller impacts.
-
Amenthes Fossae Region, as seen by HiRISE
-
Tinjar Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Color is enhanced to show differences.
-
Scamander Vallis. Dark slope streaks may be seen in the image. The darker the streak, the younger it is.
Other Mars quadrangles
Interactive Mars map
See also
- Climate of Mars
- Dark slope streaks
- Fossa (geology)
- Geology of Mars
- HiRISE
- HiWish program
- Hydrothermal circulation
- Impact crater
- List of quadrangles on Mars
- List of craters on Mars
- Ore resources on Mars
- Vallis
- Water on Mars
References
- ^ Davies, M.E.; Batson, R.M.; Wu, S.S.C. “Geodesy and Cartography” in Kieffer, H.H.; Jakosky, B.M.; Snyder, C.W.; Matthews, M.S., Eds. Mars. University of Arizona Press: Tucson, 1992.
- ^ Blunck, J. 1982. Mars and its Satellites. Exposition Press. Smithtown, N.Y.
- JPL. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
- ^ Grecicius, Tony; Dunbar, Brian (16 January 2015). "Components of Beagle 2 Flight System on Mars". NASA. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ^ Webster, Guy (16 January 2015). "'Lost' 2003 Mars Lander Found by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter". NASA. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "Mars Orbiter Spots Beagle 2, European Lander Missing Since 2003". The New York Times. Associated Press. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ Amos, Jonathan (16 January 2015). "Lost Beagle2 probe found 'intact' on Mars". BBC. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ NASA.gov
- ^ NASA.gov[dead link]
- ^ "ESA Science & Technology - Science Portal".
- ISBN 978-0-8165-1257-7. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
- ^ Cohen, B., et al. 2017. Taking the pulse of Mars via dating of a plume-fed volcano. Nature Communications. 8, 640.
- ^ "Hebrus Valles | Mars Odyssey Mission THEMIS".
- ISBN 0-312-24551-3.
- ^ "Online Atlas of Mars". Ralphaeschliman.com. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
- ^ "PIA03467: The MGS MOC Wide Angle Map of Mars". Photojournal. NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 16 February 2002. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
External links