Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila
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Archdiocese of Manila Archidioecesis Manilensis Arkidiyosesis ng Maynila Arquidiócesis de Manila | |
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Catholic | |
Location | |
Country | Philippines |
Territory |
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Ecclesiastical province | Manila |
Deaneries | |
Headquarters | |
Statistics | |
Area | 549 km2 (212 sq mi) |
Population - Total - Catholics | (as of 2021) 3,287,728 2,663,060[1] (81%) |
Parishes | Around 100 full-fledged parishes, quasi parish, 1 personal parish, chaplaincies, mission stations (mall and condo chapels) |
Information | |
Denomination | Taytay) |
Vicar General | Jose Clemente Ignacio Reginald Malicdem |
Episcopal Vicars |
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Bishops emeritus |
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Map | |
Jurisdiction of the metropolitan see within the Philippines. | |
Website | |
Archdiocese of Manila | |
Sources:[2][3][4] |
The Archdiocese of Manila (
The Archdiocese of Manila is the oldest diocese in the Philippines, created in 1579 as a diocese and elevated as a metropolitan archdiocese in 1595. Since its last territorial changes in 2003, the Archdiocese of Manila is the
In addition, the archdiocese also serves as the de facto overseer of the
The archdiocese also owns, operates, and manages institutions, assets, and properties outside its own territorial jurisdiction and located on territories of other dioceses: two retreat houses in the dioceses of Baguio and Antipolo, a seminary in the diocese of Parañaque, the radio station DZRV Radio Veritas 846 kHz, Our Lady of Veritas Chapel, and EDSA Shrine in the diocese of Cubao, and Radio Veritas transmitter in the diocese of Malolos. Additionally, the archdiocese is a shareholder of the Bank of the Philippine Islands.[5]
Its suffragan diocese of Malolos in Bulacan, along with the dioceses of San Jose and Cabanatuan in Nueva Ecija (both suffragans of Archdiocese of Lingayen-Dagupan), and Balanga (Bataan), Iba (Zambales) and Tarlac (Tarlac; suffragans of the Archdiocese of San Fernando), form the group of dioceses in Central Luzon.
Since June 24, 2021, Cardinal Jose Advincula is the Archbishop of Manila.[6]
History
Per the efforts of
Over the course of history and growth of Catholicism in the Philippines, the diocese was elevated and new dioceses had been carved from its territory. On August 14, 1595,
During the Hispanic period, the archdiocese was ruled by a succession of
Nevertheless, peace was subsequently restored after the Protestant British occupation. In the time after this, the Catholic religious orders became the powerful driving force in the Archdiocese of Manila (with the exception of the
Rizal was executed and the La Liga Filipina dissolved. As cries for reform were ignored, formerly loyal Filipinos were radicalized and the 1896
The province of
December 8, 1941, marked the beginning of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.[13] Members of the secretive Black Dragon Society had infiltrated all facets of Philippine life and had greatly guided the invading Japanese forces. World War II marked a period of irreplaceable loss to the Archdiocese of Manila. The combination of violent theft and arson done by the Japanese and indiscriminate carpet bombing by the Americans during the Battle of Manila (1945) lead to the permanent loss of many of the ancient Gothic, Art-Deco, and Earthquake Baroque churches.[14]
In the aftermath of the war, in September 1942,
Due to the heavy damages resulting from World War II, the Manila Cathedral underwent major rebuilding from 1946 to 1958. The Parish of San Miguel served as pro-cathedral or temporary cathedral of the local church until the Manila Cathedral was reopened and consecrated in 1958.
On December 11, 1948, the Apostolic Constitution Probe Noscitur further divided the Archdiocese of Manila by placing the northern part of the local church in the new Diocese of San Fernando. On November 25, 1961, the Archdiocese of Manila was again partitioned with the creation of the Diocese of Malolos for the province of Bulacan in the north and the Diocese of Imus for the province of Cavite in the South.
Pope John Paul II declared the Manila Cathedral a minor basilica in 1981 through the motu proprio Quod ipsum, issued as a papal bull.[16] In 1983, the province of Rizal, together with the city of Marikina and the northeastern part of Pasig, was placed under the new Diocese of Antipolo.
The archdiocese witnessed many grace-filled church events such as the Second Synod of Manila (1911), the Third Synod of Manila (1925), the 33rd
In 2002, two more dioceses were carved out of the Archdiocese: the
Coat of arms
The arms of the metropolitan see of Manila is an adaptation of the arms granted by Philip II of Spain to the "insigne y siempre leal (distinguished and ever loyal)" city of Manila in 1596. The silver crescent represents the Immaculate Conception, patroness of the Manila Cathedral and of the entire Philippines. The tower represents God himself whom the psalmist calls in Psalms 60 turris fortis contra inimicum (turris fortitudinis a facie inimici in the Gallician psalter). The three windows make the tower represent the Blessed Trinity: Father, Son and Holy Ghost, three Persons in one God. The sea lion represents the Philippines, then-an overseas territory of Spain, and the pilgrim's cross which may be easily fixed on the ground symbolizes both the faith of the Filipino people and their missionary role in spreading that faith.[17]
Archbishops
The
When O'Doherty died after Philippine independence in 1946, the
After the departure of Cardinal-Archbishop
List of Archbishops of Manila
No. | Name | From | Until | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Domingo de Salazar | February 6, 1579 | December 4, 1594 | |
2 | Ignacio Santibáñez | August 30, 1595 | August 14, 1598 | |
3 | Miguel de Benavides | October 7, 1602 | July 26, 1605 | |
4 | Diego Vázquez de Mercado | May 28, 1608 | June 12, 1616 | |
5 | Miguel García Serrano | February 12, 1618 | June 14, 1629 | |
6 | Hernando Guerrero | January 9, 1634 | July 1, 1641 | |
7 | Fernando Montero Espinosa | February 5, 1646 | 1648 | |
8 | Miguel de Poblete Casasola | January 21, 1649 | December 8, 1667 | |
9 | Juan López Galván | November 14, 1672 | February 12, 1674 | |
10 | Felipe Fernández de Pardo | October 28, 1681 | December 31, 1689 | |
11 | Diego Camacho y Ávila | August 19, 1696 | January 14, 1704 | |
12 | Francisco de la Cuesta | August 12, 1707 | September 27, 1723 | |
13 | Carlos Bermúdez de Castro y González | November 20, 1724 | November 13, 1729 | |
14 | Juan Ángel Rodríguez | May 18, 1731 | June 24, 1742 | |
15 | Pedro de la Santísima Trinidad Martínez de Arizala | February 3, 1744 | May 28, 1755 | |
16 | Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra | December 19, 1757 | January 30, 1764 | |
17 | Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa | April 14, 1766 | December 15, 1787 | |
18 | Juan Antonio Orbigo de Gallego | December 15, 1788 | May 17, 1797 | |
19 | Juan Antonio Zulaibar | March 26, 1804 | March 4, 1824 | |
20 | Hilarión Díez | July 3, 1826 | May 7, 1829 | |
21 | José Seguí | July 5, 1830 | July 4, 1845 | |
22 | José Julián de Aranguren | January 19, 1846 | April 18, 1861 | |
23 | Gregorio Melitón Martínez Santa Cruz | December 23, 1861 | September 30, 1875 | |
24 | Pedro Payo y Piñeiro | January 28, 1876 | January 1, 1889 | |
25 | Bernardino Nozaleda y Villa | May 27, 1889 | February 4, 1902 | |
26 | Jeremiah James Harty | June 6, 1903 | May 16, 1916 (Transferred to Diocese of Omaha )
| |
27 | Michael J. O'Doherty | September 6, 1916 | October 13, 1949 (Died in office) | |
28 | Gabriel Reyes | October 13, 1949 | October 15, 1952 (Died in office) | |
29 | Rufino Santos | February 10, 1953 | September 3, 1973 (Died in office) | |
30 | Jaime Sin | March 19, 1974 | September 15, 2003 (Retired) | |
31 | Gaudencio Rosales | November 21, 2003 | October 13, 2011 (Retired) | |
32 | Luis Antonio Tagle | December 12, 2011 | February 9, 2020 (Became prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples)[19] | |
33 | Jose Advincula | June 24, 2021 | present |
Coadjutor Archbishops
- Romualdo J. Ballesteros (1845–1846), did not succeed to see; appointed Bishop of Cebu
- Gabriel M. Reyes (1949–1952)
Auxiliary Bishops
- Ginés Barrientos (1680–1698)
- Jose Maria Segui Molas (1829–1830), appointed 21st Archbishop of Manila
- William Finnemann (1929–1936), appointed Prefect of Mindoro
- Cesar Maria Guerrero y Gutierrez (1937–1949), appointed Bishop of San Fernando
- John XXIIIin 1960
- Vicente Posada Reyes (1950–1961), appointed Bishop of Borongan
- Hernando Izquierdo Antiporda (1954–1975)
- Pedro Bantigue y Natividad (1961–1967), appointed Bishop of San Pablo
- Bienvenido M. Lopez (1966–1995)
- Artemio G. Casas (1968–1974), appointed Archbishop of Jaro
- Amado Paulino y Hernandez (1969–1985)
- Benedict XVIin 2006
- Oscar Valero Cruz(1976–1978), appointed Archbishop of San Fernando
- Protacio G. Gungon(1977–1983), appointed Bishop of Antipolo
- Leonardo Legaspi (1977–1984), appointed Archbishop of Caceres (Nueva Caceres)
- Manuel C. Sobreviñas (1979–1993), appointed Bishop of Imus
- Gabriel V. Reyes (1981–1992), appointed Bishop of Kalibo
- Teodoro J. Buhain, Jr. (1983–2003)
- Teodoro Bacani (1984–2002) appointed Bishop of Novaliches
- Leoncio L. Lat (1985–1992)
- Ramon Arguelles (1993–1995), appointed Military Ordinary of the Philippines
- Crisostomo A. Yalung (1994–2001), appointed Bishop of Antipolo
- Rolando Joven Tria Tirona(1994–1996), appointed Bishop of Malolos, later Archbishop of Caceres (Nueva Caceres) until present
- Jesse E. Mercado (1997–2002), appointed Bishop of Parañaque
- Socrates B. Villegas(2001–2004), appointed Bishop of Balanga
- Bernardino C. Cortez (2004–2014), appointed Prelate of Infanta
- Broderick S. Pabillo (2006–2021) appointed Vicar Apostolic of Taytay
Other priests of this diocese who became bishops
- Francisco Sales Reyes y Alicante, appointed Bishop of now Archdiocese of Caceresin 1925
- Arnaldo Catalan, Appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Rwanda in 2022
- Artemio Gabriel Casas, appointed 1st Bishop of Imusin 1961; later returned to the archdiocese as auxiliary bishop
- Felix Paz Perez, appointed 2nd Bishop of Imusin 1969
- Antonio Realubin Tobias, appointed auxiliary bishop of Zamboanga in 1982, then bishop of the Diocese of Novalichesuntil retirement in 2019
- Diocese of Pasig.
- Mylo Hubert Claudio Vergara (priest here, 1990-2003), appointed Bishop of Diocese of Pasig
- Diocese of Antipolo(September 1, 2007 – November 21, 2015), Coadjutor Bishop of Antipolo (November 22, 2015 – September 10, 2016) and 4th Bishop of the Diocese of Antipolo (September 10, 2016–July 22, 2023).
- Diocese of Antipolo(July 22, 2023–present)
- Roberto Orendain Gaa, 3rd Bishop of the Diocese of Novaliches(August 24, 2019–present)
- Jose Alan Verdejo Dialogo, 5th Bishop of the Diocese of Sorsogon(October 15, 2019–present)
- Archdiocese of Lingayen-Dagupan(November 4, 2009–present)
Formation of priests
The archdiocese administers San Carlos Seminary, the archdiocesan major seminary which caters to the formation of future priests for the archdiocese and for its suffragan dioceses. Located in Guadalupe Viejo, Makati, it has a pre-college program (senior high school and formation year), a college program (A.B., philosophy), and a graduate school (master's program in theology or pastoral ministry), as well as a formation houses for future priests committed to serve the Filipino-Chinese communities in the country (Lorenzo Ruiz Mission Society) and a center for adult vocations (Holy Apostles Senior Seminary). The archdiocese also operates Our Lady of Guadalupe Minor Seminary for young men at the secondary school level. It is located a few blocks from San Carlos Seminary.
Schools
The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila Educational System (RCAMES) comprises 27 archdiocesan and parochial schools. The archbishop of Manila exercises authority in each member school and appoints a superintendent for the entire system to implement decisions and resolve issues. The member schools are:[20]
- Ermita Catholic School
- Espiritu Santo Parochial School
- Guadalupe Catholic School
- Holy Child Catholic School
- Holy Family Parochial School
- Holy Trinity Academy
- Jaime Cardinal Sin Learning Center
- Malate Catholic School
- Manila Cathedral School
- Our Lady of Fatima Catholic School
- Our Lady of Guadalupe Minor Seminary
- Paco Catholic School
- Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic School
- Saint Anthony School
- Saint Joseph School - Gagalangin
- Saint Joseph's School of Pandacan
- Saint Peter the Apostle School
- Saint Pius X Parochial School
- San Felipe Neri Parochial School
- San Isidro Catholic School
- San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation
- San Pablo Apostol Learning Center
- San Rafael Parochial School
- Santa Clara Parish School
- Santa Isabel College
- St. John the Baptist Catholic School
- The Nazarene Catholic School
See also
- List of Catholic dioceses in the Philippines
- Roman Catholicism in the Philippines
- The Royal and Conciliar San Carlos Seminary
References
- ^ "Manila (Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese)". gcatholic.org. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
- ^ "Manila (Archdiocese)". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
- ^ "Appointment of Episcopal Vicars and Vicars Forane". Retrieved June 10, 2023.
- ^ "Vicariates and Parishes". Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ^ BPI: A trusted lifeline for tomorrow, today (2020 Integrated Report) (PDF) (Report). Bank of the Philippine Islands. 2021. p. 164. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
- ^ Depasupil, William (June 24, 2021). "Cardinal Advincula installed as 33rd Manila archbishop". The Manila Times. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
- ^ "History – the First Cathedral 1581–1583 Archived May 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica Official Website. Retrieved on March 22, 2013.
- JSTOR 42632495– via JSTOR.
- ^ "History – The Second Cathedral 1591-1600". Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica Official Website. Retrieved on March 22, 2013.
- ^ Roces, Alfredo R., ed. (1977). "Boxer Codex". Filipino Heritage: the Making of a Nation. Vol. IV. Philippines: Lahing Pilipino Publishing. p. 1004.
- ^ a b c d e Escalante, Rene (May 12, 2020). "WATCH: GOMBURZA an NHCP Documentary" (video). youtube.com. National Historical Commission of the Philippines.
- ^ "Pope Orders Sharp Action; Archbishop of Manila Instructed to Excommunicate Philippine National Church Promoters", New York Times, New York, NY: December 29, 1902. p.7
- LCCN 66-60005. Archived from the originalon February 12, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
- Quezon III, Manuel L. (February 7, 2007). "The Warsaw of Asia: How Manila was Flattened in WWII". Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Arab News Online (archive.arabnews.com). Opinion. Archived from the originalon March 30, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2010.
- ^ Pope Pius XII (1942). 34 [1942] - ocr.pdf "Acts of the Apostolic See – Insularum Philippinarum Beatissima Virgo Maria Titulo Immaculata Concepto Primaria Universalisque Patrona et Sanctae Virgines' Pudentiana ac Rosa Limanae Patronae Secundarias Declarantur", pp. 336–337. Vatican Archives. Retrieved on March 22, 2013.
- ^ "The Manila Cathedral". manilacathedral.com.ph. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
- JSTOR 42720389. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
- ^ "Cardinal Advincula of Capiz named Manila archbishop". Catholic Church. Rappler. March 25, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ Santos, Tina (February 10, 2020). "Cardinal Tagle celebrates last Mass as Manila archbishop". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ "Establishment of the Educational System of the Archdiocese of Manila". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila Educational System. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
- Sources
- Population of the Archdiocese of Manila Statistics of Manila Archdiocese
- Official website
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- Gregory XIII, Pope, 1502–1585. "Bull for erection of the Diocese and Cathedral Church of Manila." In The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898. Cleveland, Ohio: A.H. Clark Company, 1903–9. Vol. 4, 1576–82. Pp. 119–124.
- 5 Seminaries under the Archdiocese of Manila
COFOR – The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila