Patronages of the Immaculate Conception

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La Inmaculada Concepción de Maria by Juan Antonio de Frías y Escalante. Oil painting on canvas. Museum of Fine Arts. Córdoba, Spain.

In the

Blessed Virgin Mary
as their principal patroness.

As part of the patronage, the

Popes
have conferred this title of patronage, sometimes initiated by bishops.

The list below enumerates the various countries by which the pope through a bull has formally granted the Immaculate Conception as the patroness of the people and its land or kingdom.

The list of pontifical declaration does not include Ireland, Monaco, Nicaragua and Portugal.

America

Washington D.C.

On 13 May 1846, the United States bishops unanimously chose "the Virgin Mary, conceived without sin", as patroness of the country, a decision approved by Pope Pius IX on February 7 of the following year and published in a decree of 2 July 1847.[1]

On 10 April 1848, a voting process and discussion was made on the regularisation of the rubrics for the Feast of the Immaculate Conception to be celebrated in that country. By 1849, this decree was published at the 7th Provincial Council of Baltimore.[2] The decrees were signed and witnessed by Cardinal Giacomo Filippo Fransoni.[3]

On 8 July 1914, Pope Pius X sent an apostolic letter to Archbishop of Baltimore, Cardinal James Gibbons approving the patronage of the Immaculate Conception for the new construction site of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception.

On 10 April 1919, Pope Benedict XV reiterated this patronage and stated that he had ordered a mosaic of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception to be made in the Vatican Mosaic Studio for the shrine's high altar.[4]

In 1923,

Roman Catholic
church in the United States of America.

On 22 August 2013, Pope Benedict XVI granted a decree of Canonical coronation towards a venerated Marian image in Louisiana bearing the same patronal title.

Brazil

Aparecida, Brazil
.

The

Blessed Virgin Mary is the patroness of Brazil under the localized title Our Lady of Aparecida (Our Lady of Immaculate Conception (who) Appeared).[6]

On 8 December 1904

Eugenio Pacelli.[7]

Eugenio Pacelli. The decree indicated that Pope Leo XIII
granted the approval on the devotion of the image under the title Nossa Senhora de Conceicao Aparecida (stylized as Fossa Behihora de Gonceigao Apparecida).

Pope John XXIII granted a Pontifical decree of coronation Quidquid ad Pietatam on 17 August 1961 for a namesake image in Conselheiro Lafaiete for Archbishop Caruana, crowned in 1963.

minor basilica
on 4 July 1980.

Korea

Seoul, Korea
.

Amidst

Nicolas Cheong Jin-suk, in 1841, Pope Gregory XVI solemnly dedicated the Korean Catholic Church to the Virgin Mary under the title "Immaculate Virgin".[10][11][12]

On 6 May 1984,

Seoul, Korea.[13] In the Apostolic Letter, John Paul II noted that Bishop Imbert Bum first consecrated Korea to the Immaculate Conception in 1837, followed by Bishop Jean Joseph Ferréol in 1846 along with Saint Joseph as its co-patron in the village of Surich’igol, nearby the city of Gongju.[11][12][14]
According to the papal brief, a similar re-dedication of patronage to the Immaculate Conception was invoked on by the French Bishop Gustave Charles Mutel on 29 May 1898, when the cathedral was ceremoniously opened to the Korean public.

Philippines

The polychromed bronze statue of the Immaculate Conception in Manila Cathedral, sculpted by the Italian national artist Vincenzo Assenza.

On 6 February 1578, Pope Gregory XIII through his bull Illius Fulti Præsidio, erected the Diocese of Manila[15] and decreed that its cathedral should be under the invocation of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.[16]

Cáceres by decree of 13 August 1595.[16]

Pope Pius X granted the petition to continue using the privilege of blue vestments for the Feast of Immaculate Conception included in a list of indults granted to the Philippines, dated 11 February 1910, executed by Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val.[17]

the Indies, thereby also becoming a de jure principal patroness of the Philippines.[19]
The two patronesses were demoted to secondary status in deference to the Blessed Virgin as the Immaculate Conception.

Pope John XXIII issued a pontifical decree of coronation for the Marian image titled "The Virgin of Immaculate Conception of Namacpacan" that was granted to Bishop Juan Callanta y Sison on 7 September 1959, signed by the Canon Secretary Giulio Barbella and notarized by Secretary of the Apostolic Dataria, Marco Martini. The rite of coronation was executed by the Apostolic Nuncio to the Philippines, Salvatore Siino.

Pope John Paul II honored the venerated image of Immaculate Conception in Malabon a canonical coronation which was crowned later on 7 December 1986.[20]

Pope Benedict XVI granted a canonical coronation for the following images:

Pope Francis granted a canonical coronation for the following images:

Among various

Canonical Coronation
by a pope.

The Philippines celebrated the 1954

Republic Act No. 10966 by former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte
in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary as its national patroness.

Spain

La Inmaculada Purisima Concepcion de Maria by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Prado, Spain.

By pontifical decree, the Immaculate Conception alone is the universal and national patroness of Spain, by virtue of a papal mandate issued by

Spanish people. The feast of the Immaculate Conception is also one of the nine national and public holidays and a holy day of obligation
.

The patronage settles the dispute between a heated religious debate during the mid 1600s, when followers of the mythical figure James Matamoros wished to impose him as the national patron saint versus the followers of

Teresa of Avila
.

On 11 September 1759, the elected members of the Royal Spanish Court petitioned

King Charles III of Spain to request from the pope the "…universal patronage of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception in all the Kingdoms of Spain and the Indies".[23]

With the papal bull Quantum Ornamenti of 8 November 1760, Pope Clement granted the request of King Charles III, declaring the Virgin Mary, under the title of the Immaculate Conception, patroness of the whole of the Kingdom of Spain along with its eastern and western territories,[24] (in the Americas and the Philippines).[25][26][27]

In another document, Pope Clement granted that the Spanish clergy could celebrate the Mass and the Liturgy of the Hours on the feast and its octave with the texts used by the

Cathedral of Seville.[30] Since 1864, Mass vestments for the feast in Spain may be blue at the expressed permission with decree from the Sacred Congregation of Rites which thus became extended to the former territories of the Spanish crown and kingdom.[31]
Many other Spanish cultural customs and religious processions are associated with the feast.

Pope Pius XII (1954) in San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife and Pope Benedict XVI (2011) in Linares and Pope Francis (2020) in Herencia granted a pontifical decree of Canonical coronation bearing the same Patronal title.

Another image bearing the same Marian title located in Castilleja de la Cuesta was crowned by the local townspeople in a so-called “Episcopal coronation” in 2013.

List of countries claiming patronage without a pontifical decree

Ireland

On 7 December 1650, the

Irish Catholic Confederation, on the verge of its final defeat by the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
, declared the Virgin Mother of God, under the title of the Immaculate Conception, patroness of the Kingdom of Ireland and was cited six days later:

By a unanimous vote of the Supreme Assembly it was decreed that the Virgin Mother of God, under her title of her Immaculate Conception, should be solemnly and publicly proclaimed patroness of the Kingdom of Ireland, and that as a perpetual memorial to the happy event, the feast of the Immaculate Conception should be solemnly observed in Ireland from that day forward until the end of time."[32][33][34]

Monaco

The principality of Monaco claims patronage of their state to the Immaculate Conception of Mary. The feast is a highly regarded celebration in their monarchy, with the

Monaco Cathedral rebuilt in 1903 and re-named under this specific patronage in 11 June 1911. The feast is also celebrated each December 8 as a designated public holiday
honoring wives and mothers.

On 8 December 1958, the post office of Monaco issued a commemorative postal stamp celebrating the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, both honoring the images of Pope Pius IX and Pope Pius XII with the postal value of One Franc.

Nicaragua

Teresa of Avila, brought to Nicaragua this statue of the Immaculate Conception of El Viejo. Pope John Paul II granted a Canonical coronation
to the venerated Marian image on 28 December 1989.

The Immaculate Conception is venerated as patroness of the Nicaraguan people.

A letter of 1673 cites a document of 5 January 1626 according to which the statue was given by

Teresa of Avila to her brother, who brought it to where it now is and died there. Another document, drawn up in 1751 after a visit to the settlement of El Viejo, where the statue is kept, and citing the 1673 letter, states that the name "Nuestra Señora del Viejo" was a reference to Teresa's brother, who was then an old man ("viejo" being Spanish for "old"). It describes the statue and its adornment, including a crown. A traditional story is that the statue was brought by an old hermit who, when the ship he was travelling on refused to leave the harbour, explained that the statue wished to remain there. A Carmelite report of 1786 recorded the tradition that the statue was a gift of Teresa to her brother or uncle, who was governor of the locality, and that, when he attempted to take the statue with him when transferred to another governorship, storms repeatedly drove his ship back, so that he left the statue there.[35] Another source gives the name of Teresa's brother as Don Lorenzo de Cepeda and repeats the story of the storm forcing him to leave the statue in what was then called Chamulpa and is now El Viejo.[36]
The statue was ceremoniously crowned by the local townspeople in 1747.

Minor Basilica on 20 December 1995.[37]

On 7 October 1996, the Episcopal Conference of Nicaragua conferred the title "The National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception of El Viejo"; and on 13 May 2001, the Episcopal Bishops' Conference of Nicaragua declared the Virgin Mary under this title be the national patroness of the country.[38][39]

On 4 August 2012, Pope Benedict XVI sent the image a golden pearl rosary in recognition of the piety of the Nicaraguan people's. That same year, Nicaragua celebrated the 450th annual patronage of the Immaculate Conception with grand parades and national festivities.

A popular custom (especially among children) in Nicaragua during this time is to gather in a group and sing several Marian hymns in front of people's houses where a statue of the

caroling
songs during Christmas time, children receive special candies or sweet treats given by the household after the conclusion of singing Marian hymns.

In

Catholic countries
.

Portugal

Madonna and Child
as patroness of Portugal.

By royal decree under the House of Braganza, the Immaculate Conception is the patroness of Portugal. An image of the Immaculate Conception venerated in the Shrine of Our Lady of Conception of Villa Vicosa was donated by Nuno Álvares Pereira.

On 25 March 1646, King John IV of Portugal proclaimed Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception the nation's patroness, so that 8 December is a special feast day in Portugal. Upon crowning the image since that time, the Portuguese monarchs of the House of Braganza renounced wearing a crown on their heads.

In addition, the king minted both gold and silver coins bearing his seal while on the other side bears the Immaculate Conception with the Latin phrase titled Tutelaris Regni.

postal stamp
commemorating its patronage featuring the image of the Virgin Mary.

The first document invoking the Marian patronage is found the king's address to the National Royal Chambers dated 30 June 1654[42] and was next followed again in the Royal Provision of 1646.[43][44]

The statue's design is unlike most Immaculate Conception images, as the Virgin Mary carries a

child Jesus rather than portrayed as being raised into Heaven.[45][46] On 6 February 1818, the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa was erected in the Virgin Mary's patronal honor by King John VI of Portugal.[47][48][49] The feast marks one of the four national holidays in the Portugal.[50]

See also

Bibliography

  • Le Franc, Martin. The Conception of Mary – A Rhyming Translation of Book V of Le Champion des Dames by Martin Le Franc (1410-1461). Ed. and trans. Steven Millen Taylor. Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2010.

References

  1. Archdiocese of Baltimore (1851). Concilia provincialia, Baltimori habita ab anno 1829 usque ad annum 1849
    . apud Joannem Murphy et socium. pp. 255–256. Sanctis Congregationis Generalis de Propaganda Fide Quo Deipara Virgo, Sine Labe Originali Concepta, Septentrionalis Americae Foederatae Provincialum Patrona Instituitur
  2. Ewtn.com. 1996. Archived from the original
    on 11 March 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  3. NewAdvent.org
    .
  4. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original
    on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  5. ISBN 9780879737009
    .
  6. ^ "Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception | Saint of the Day". AmericanCatholic.org. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  7. ^ Acta Apostolica Sedis - 1931 - Page 7 - Beata Virgo Maria Immaculata Sub Titulo Apparecida - Principalis Patrona Brasiliae Constituitur. - "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)[1931]%20-%20ocr.pdf
  8. ^ ""Bellonet and Roze: Overzealous Servants of Empire and the 1866 French Attack on Korea" by Kane, Daniel C. - Korean Studies, Annual 1999".[dead link]
  9. ^ True Doctrine in the Hermit Kingdom: A Brief Survey of the Catholic Church in Korea - Brother Zechariah Foreman, Order of Preachers, published May 4, 2004
  10. ^ Gheddo, Piero (2006-04-26). "SOUTH KOREA - NORTH KOREA Both North and South consecrated to the Immaculate Virgin, says Bishop of Seoul - Asia News". Asianews.it. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  11. ^ a b "Patron Saints: 'K' - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". Catholic.org. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  12. ^ a b "Mary's Touch : Special Issue 2009" (PDF). Marys-touch.com. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  13. ^ "Act of entrustment of Korea to Mary, 6 May 1984". Vatican.va. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  14. ^ "The Shrine of Our Lady of the Rosay of Namyang". Namyangmaria.org. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  15. ^ "Dei praesidio fultus: Philippine Bullary I". Siniculus. 2013-05-30. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  16. ^ a b "ANG MAHAL NA BIRHEN Mary in Philippine Life Today". Cbcponline.net. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  17. ^ "Dei praesidio fultus: Liturgical blue". Siniculus. 2014-12-30. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
  18. ^ Insularum Philippinarum Beatissima Virgo Maria Titulo Immaculata Conceptio Primaria Universalisque Patrona et Sanctae Virgines Pudentiana ac Rosa Limana Patronae Secundarias Declarantur - Acta Apostolicae Sedis (1942) [1] Pages 336-337
  19. ^ "Dei praesidio fultus: Protectresses of the Philippines". Siniculus. 2013-05-11. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
  20. ^ "Cum Nos sollicito - Littera apostolica | Pope John Paul II". www.vatican.va. 16 September 1986.
  21. ^ "Still Stampin' (Darthphilatelist in Hyper Mode...): The Feast of the Immaculate Conception". Darthphilatelist.blogspot.com. 2009-12-08. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  22. ^ "quin primarius Sancti Iacobi Apostoli dignoscatur patronus" (Civiltà Cattolica 1851, p. 129)
  23. ^ "La Inmaculada Concepción de María. Su verdad y su actualidad". ABC.es. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  24. ^ "in universo Hispaniensi Regno, eiusque Orientalibus, Occidentalibusque Indiis" (Civiltà Cattolica 1851, p. 129)
  25. ^ "Vix Carolus III sceptrum suscepit, ad Reginae Coelorum pedes confestim illud libentissime locavit, utque omnes Hispaniae incolae tanto firmarentur patrocinio, tantoque munirentur praesidio, Sanctissimam Virginem in Conceptionis Immaculatae ineffabili mysterio totius regni elegit Patronam; huic adimplendo scopo, anno 1760 celebratis Comitiis, et ad Summum Pontificem Clementem XIII evectis precibus, die 8 Novembris ipsiusmet anni Bullam: Quantum ornamenti, impetravit, in qua Virginem sub glorioso Conceptionis mysterio in universo Hispaniensi Regno, eiusque Orientalibus, Occidentalibusque Indiis Patronam venerari decrevit quin primarius Sancti Iacobi Apostoli dignoscatur Patronus, praecipiensque etiam Summus Pontifex ecclesiasticos cunctos tam saeculares, quam Regulares hoc festum cum ritu primae classis diligenter servare, ac plenariam Indulgentiam impertiens omnibus, et singulis, qui conditiones Litteris Apostolicis praescriptas explerent." Pareri sulla definizione dogmatica dell'Immacolato Concepimento della Beata Virgine Maria (Civiltà Cattolica 1851), pp. 128-129
  26. ^ Giraldi, Ubaldo (1769). Expositio Iuris Pontificii Iuxta Recentiorem Ecclesiae Disciplinam: In Duas ... - Ubaldo Giraldi - Google Books. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  27. ^ Gravois, Marcus Antonius (1764). De ortu et progressu cultus, ac festi Immaculati conceptus beatae Dei ... - Marcus Antonius Gravois - Google Books. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  28. ^ "Insuper ab ipso Maximo Pontifice ecclesiasticos omnes Missam celebrare posse, et officium divinum persolvere dei festi et octavae sicut Francisci Minorum Ordo celebrabat et persolvebat, etiam obtinuit" (Civiltà Cattolica 1851, p. 129)
  29. ^ "Inmaculada Concepción. 150 años". Generalisimofranco.com. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  30. ^ "Inmaculada Concepción de María: Los seises de la Catedral de Sevilla". Archived from the original on July 12, 2013. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  31. ^ "Blue Liturgical Vestments | ZENIT - The World Seen From Rome". ZENIT. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  32. ^ "OCD - The Old Abbey Loughrea 1300 - 1650". Ocd.ie. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  33. ^ Hannon, Doc (2009-12-08). "St. Conleth's Catholic Heritage Association: Ireland and the Immaculate Conception". Catholicheritage.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  34. ^ https://archive.org/stream/MN5019ucmf_0#page/n375/mode/2up - Moran – Spicilegium Ossoriense 1, page 354. Die hujus Decembris, 1650, in generali Regni Assemblea, unio omnium Catholicorum, praeter et contra spem, acceptata et declarata est. Quod, quia in vigilia Immaculatae Conceptionis Beata Virgo factum est uno omnium voto acceptatum et decreto publico statutum est, ut Deipara Virgo sub Immaculatae Conceptionis titulo, esset Regni patrona, et dies ille tamquam solemnis et festus ad perpetuam rei memoriam toto regno deinceps perpetuo celebrabitur.
  35. ^ "Inmaculada del Viejo". Corazones.org. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  36. ^ "Nuestra Seńora De La Concepción De El Viejo". Webcatolicodejavier.org. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  37. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis, LXXXVIII (1996), p. 239
  38. ^ "¡La patrona está de fiesta!. La Prensa". Laprensa.com.ni. 2011-11-24. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  39. ^ "Historia de la Purísima Inmaculada Concepción de María". Aciprensa.com. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  40. ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  41. Blogspot
    . Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  42. ^ Para que seja mais notória a obrigação que eu e todos meus vassalos temos de defender que a Virgem Senhora Nossa foi concebida sem pecado original, houve por bem resolver que em todas as portas e entradas das cidades, vilas e lugares de meus Reinos se ponha, em uma pedra lavrada, a inscrição de que será cópia esta carta: Encomendo-vos a façais pôr nas portas e lugares dessa cidade (ou vila) e me aviseis de como o tendes executado.
  43. ^ "Estando ora juntos em Cortes com os três Estados do Reino lhes fiz propor a obrigação que tínhamos de renovar e continuar esta promessa (de D. Afonso Henriques) e venerar com muito particular afecto e solenidade a festa de Sua Imaculada Conceição: E nelas com parecer de todos, assentámos de tomar por padroeira de Nossos Reinos e Senhorios a Santíssima Virgem Nossa Senhora da Conceição... e lhe ofereço de novo em meu nome e do Príncipe D. Teodósio meu sobre todos muito amado e prezado filho e de todos os meus descendentes, sucessores, Reinos, Senhorios e Vassalos à sua Santa Casa da Conceição sita em Vila Viçosa, por ser a primeira que houve em Espanha desta invocação, cinquenta escudos de ouro em cada um ano em sinal de Tributo e Vassalagem: E da mesma maneira prometemos e juramos com o Príncipe e Estados de confessar e defender sempre (até dar a vida sendo necessário) que a Virgem Maria Mãe de Deus foi concebida sem pecado original"
  44. ^ Leite, Jose (1994). Santos de Cada Dia. pp. 416–418.
  45. ^ "Córdoba - Peregrinación al Santuario de la patrona de Portugal". Ecclesia Digital (in Spanish). 27 April 2012. Archived from the original on February 18, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
  46. ^ "Actividades Heraldos". Asociación Cultural Salvadme Reina de Fátima (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2014 – via Salvadmereina.org.
  47. ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. "The Order of Our Lady of the Conception of Vila Viçosa". Chivalric Orders. Archived from the original on June 10, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  48. ^ "Knighthood Bestowed". Ichrusa.com. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  49. ^ "Order of the Immaculate Conception". H. D. Cerqueira de Souza. Cerqueiradesouza.org. December 2000. Archived from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  50. ^ "Feriados Municipais". Município de Vila Viçosa (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
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