Aristolochia littoralis

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Aristolochia littoralis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Piperales
Family: Aristolochiaceae
Genus: Aristolochia
Species:
A. littoralis
Binomial name
Aristolochia littoralis
Synonyms
  • Aristolochia elegans Mast[1]
  • Aristolochia elegans var. grandiflora Hassl. ex F. González, 1990[2]
  • Aristolochia elegans var. hassleriana (Chodat) Hassl., 1912[3]
MHNT

Aristolochia littoralis, the calico flower or مورپنکھ بیل or elegant Dutchman's pipe, is a species of evergreen vine belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae.

Etymology

The scientific name Aristolochia was developed from Ancient Greek aristos (άριστος) "best" + locheia (λοχεία), "childbirth" or "childbed", as in ancient times the plant was thought to be effective against infections caused by childbirth. The species Latin name littoralis means “coastal”.

Description

Aristolochia littoralis is a climbing vine that can reach about 3–4.5 metres (9.8–14.8 ft) in length. The slender stems are woody and the leaves are bright green, cordate, amplexicaul, 7–9 centimetres (2.8–3.5 in) long and 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) wide, forming a dense attractive foliage. Flowers are heart-shaped, greenish yellow with intricate purplish-brown markings. These unusual flowers are about 7–8 centimetres (2.8–3.1 in) long, grow solitary in the leaf axils and resemble Sherlock Holmes's pipe (hence the common name of "Dutchman's pipe"). The inner surface of the flared mouth is completely purplish-brown. The flowering period extends through all summer. These plants are pollinated by flies which are attracted by the unpleasant carrion-like odor produced by the flowers. The numerous winged seeds are borne in dry

dehiscent capsules that split like small parachutes. As the seeds are winged they are easily dispersed by wind. Plants in the related genus Pararistolochia differ by having fleshy moist fruit that do not split. This plant contains aristolochic acid
, a toxic alkaloid.

Distribution

The vining plant is native to southern and western South America. It is found in:

  • Brazil in Ceara, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Rondonia, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo states.
  • Argentina in Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, Misiones, and Santa Fe Provinces.
  • Paraguay in Amambay, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Paraguari, and San Pedro Departments.
  • Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

It is an

Richmond birdwing (O. richmondia), and threatens to displace their proper host plant, A. tagala
.

Habitat

Aristolochia littoralis prefers acid-neutral soils (pH 5.5 – 7.0) and average moisture, in part sun to shade, at an elevation of about 0–1,150 metres (0–3,773 ft)

Cultivation

This

temperate regions is grown under glass. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[4]

Gallery

  • Flower and immature fruit of Aristolochia littoralis
    Flower and immature fruit of Aristolochia littoralis
  • The dense foliage
    The dense foliage
  • Leaves and immature fruit
    Leaves and immature fruit
  • The dehiscent capsules
    The
    dehiscent
    capsules
  • The winged seeds
    The winged seeds

References

  1. ^ Mast. Gard. Chron., n.s. 24(610): 301, t. 64 1885
  2. ^ F. González Fl. Colombia 12: 90 1990
  3. ^ Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 177 1912
  4. ^ "RHS Plant Selector Aristolochia littoralis AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-29.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aristolochia elegans.
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