Bing Kong Tong
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Chinese-American fraternal organization
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The Bing Kong Tong (
Tongs in San Francisco's Chinatown
during the early 20th century. Since most, if not all, Chinatowns founded in the 19th-century United States were founded by migrants from the province of Canton (known as Guangdong today), many place names were transliterated from the Cantonese dialect. The word 堂, "tong" means "hall", while Bing Kong translates as "with justice."
Known as the Bing Kong Tong Society (or Bing Kung Association in
Chinese American populations along the west coast and southwestern United States (as far as the conviction of four members for a Tong murder in Kingman, Arizona). Weakened by the decade long war against the rival Tongs as well as state authorities, the Bing Kongs would eventually emerge as a trade union, although it is suspected by federal and local law enforcement officials to still have remaining ties to organized crime.[citation needed
]
References
- ISBN 978-0-8047-3880-4. p398.
- Devito, Carlo. Encyclopedia of International Organized Crime, Facts On File, Inc.: New York, 2005. ISBN 0-8160-4848-7
External links
- Bing Kong Tong website (in Traditional Chinese)
- History of Chinese Associations in Fresno (in Simplified Chinese)
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