Irish Mob
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Founded | Early 19th century |
---|---|
Founding location | Ireland and the United States |
Years active | Early 19th century – present |
Territory | Ireland, United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Canada, Australia |
Ethnicity | Primarily Russian organized crime (in North America), Aryan Brotherhood (in Oklahoma) |
The Irish Mob (also known as the Irish mafia or Irish organized crime) is a usually
Organized crime by Irish people also exists in Ireland, predominantly Dublin and Limerick, but only became of any significance in recent decades. These groups are sometimes disconnected from the Irish diaspora crime groups and Irish-American Mob families, with the extent of Irish-American crime group involvement with crime groups in Ireland varying significantly; some Irish-American crime groups have an alternately close or loose connection to Irish organized crime groups, but most organized crime groups in Ireland consist of families focusing on the drug trade with no connection to Irish diaspora criminal organizations.[1]
United States
New York
Pre-prohibition
Irish-American street gangs, such as the Dead Rabbits (led by future Congressman John Morrissey) and Whyos, dominated New York's underworld for well over a century. Beginning in the 1880s and 1890s, however, they faced competition from gangs consisting of recently arrived Italians and Jews. The Five Points Gang (led by Paul Kelly) would rise to prominence during the early 1900s, strongly rivaled by the Hudson Dusters, the Gopher Gang, and others during the period.
In the early 1900s, with Italian criminal organizations such as the Morello crime family encroaching on the waterfront, various Irish gangs united to form the White Hand Gang. Although initially successful in keeping their Black Hand Italian rivals at bay, unstable leadership and infighting would lead to their eventual downfall. The murders of Dinny Meehan, Bill Lovett, and Richard Lonergan led to the gang's disappearance by 1925. The waterfront was then taken over by Italian mobsters Vincent Mangano, Albert Anastasia, and Joe Adonis. The Irish mob, however, reemerged in Coal Country and remained strong.
Prohibition
During the early years of
The Westies
The most prominent members have included Eddie McGrath, James Coonan, Mickey Featherstone, James McElroy, and Edward Cummiskey.
In the Irish/Italian Mob War of the 1970s, the Irish mob saw an increased threat from the Italian Mafia as the
In 1977 Spillane was murdered in a hail of bullets by assassins from the Genovese crime family. This prompted Coonan to form an alliance with Roy DeMeo of the Gambino crime family. The Genoveses decided that the Westies were too violent and well-led to go to war with and mediated a truce via the Gambinos.
Coonan was imprisoned in 1986 under the RICO act. Featherstone became an informant after his arrest in the early 1980s.
Boston
Prohibition
Boston has a well-chronicled history of Irish mob activity, particularly in the heavily Irish-American cities and neighborhoods like Somerville, Charlestown, South Boston ("Southie"), Dorchester and Roxbury where the earliest Irish gangsters arose during Prohibition. Frank Wallace of the Gustin Gang dominated Boston's underworld until his death in 1931, when he was ambushed by Italian gangsters in the North End. Numerous gang wars between rival Irish gangs during the early and mid 20th century would contribute to their decline.
The Winter Hill Gang
The
While Winter Hill Gang members were alleged to have been involved with most typical organized crime-related activities, they are perhaps best known for fixing horse races in the northeastern United States. Twenty-one members and associates, including
The present Winter Hill Gang operates in secrecy and often avoids drawing public attention and scrutiny. With the activation of RICO law, the Winter Hill Gang's ranks were quickly thinned with federal indictments against key players like George Hogan and Scott "Smiley" McDermott. The Winter Hill Gang quickly disbanded in the late 90s to early 2000s after many of the federal indictments failed to stick due to a lack of evidence and cooperating witnesses, making room for younger predecessors like Tommy "Two Guns" Attardo, Seán "Irish Car Bomb" McKenna, and Mickey "Mean Machine" Murphy to join the ranks.
Irish-American organized crime outfits such as the "Irish Kings" who were active from 2013 to 2016 and others who are still presently active form the backbone of organized crime in South Boston and the greater Boston area.
Irish Mob War
The Irish Mob War is the name given to conflicts throughout the 1960s between the two dominant Irish-American organized crime gangs in Massachusetts: the
The war resulted in the eradication of the Charlestown Mob with its leaders, Bernie and Edward McLaughlin, and Stevie and Connie Hughes all having been killed. George McLaughlin, the one who started the war, was the only one who survived by being sent to prison. McLean was also killed, by Charlestown's Hughes brothers, and leadership of The Winter Hill Gang was taken by his right-hand man,
In the early 1970s, another mob war was taking place in
FBI corruption
During the 1970s and 1980s, the FBI's Boston office was largely infiltrated through corrupt federal agent John J. Connolly, by which Whitey Bulger was able to use his status as a government informant against his rivals (the extent of which would not be revealed until the mid to late 1990s).
The scandal was the basis for the non-fiction book Black Mass and its 2015 dramatic film adaptation, and it was partially the inspiration for the film The Departed.
Philadelphia
Pre-prohibition
The prominent Irish street gang pre-twentieth-century were the Schuylkill Rangers headed by Jimmy Haggerty, whose boyhood home was located on Arch Street in the area between Eighteenth and Nineteenth Street known as "McAran's Garden".
After numerous arrests for theft and similar offenses, Haggerty and Schuylkill Ranger Hugh Murphy were convicted of the robbery of a Ninth Street store and sentenced to ten years imprisonment on December 12, 1865. He was pardoned by Governor
Prohibition
Post–World War II and the K&A Gang
In the years following World War II, the K&A Gang was the dominant Irish gang in the city's underworld. A multi-generational organized crime group made up of predominantly Irish and Irish American gangsters, the gang originated from a youth street gang based around the intersections of Kensington and Allegheny, which grew in power as local hoods and blue-collar Irish Americans seeking extra income joined its ranks. In time, the group expanded and grew more organized, establishing lucrative markets in gambling, loan sharking, and burglary.
The gang moved into the
Chicago
Prohibition
The successors of Michael Cassius McDonald's criminal empire of the previous century, the Irish-American criminal organizations in Chicago were at their peak during Prohibition, specializing in bootlegging and highjacking. However, they would soon be rivaled by Italian mobsters, particularly Al Capone and the Chicago Outfit.
The organizations existing before Prohibition – including the
Cleveland
Pre-Prohibition
The
Publisher Daniel R. Hanna Sr. hired Chicago gangsters James Ragen and Arthur B. McBride as heavies during the Cleveland circulation wars between the Cleveland Leader and Cleveland News verses The Plain Dealer.[9]
Prohibition and the Cleveland Syndicate
Thomas Joseph McGinty known as Blackjack McGinty, was a former professional featherweight boxer, one of the city's largest bootleggers, and operated gambling establishments on West 25th Street as well as the Mounds Club in Lake County.[10] The Mounds Club was repeatedly raided by law enforcement, including Safety Director Eliot Ness, and was eventually shut down in 1950.
McGinty was a member of the Cleveland Syndicate, which was also composed of Jewish gangsters
The Syndicate had significant operations, in Newport, Kentucky and Northern Kentucky, which had eighteen casinos or gambling halls, including the original The Flamingo Hotel & Casino opens (1946), and Tropicana.[13] A notable casino was The Beverly Hills Club, which had high-profile entertainment acts such as Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Nat King Cole.[14] These establishments were the precursors to the casinos built in Las Vegas.[15] The Syndicate's reign, in Northern Kentucky, came to an end following a botched attempt to discredit George Ratterman, a reform minded candidate for sheriff and a federal crack down during the Kennedy Administration.
McGinty and other members of the Syndicate were founders of the
In the 1930s, James "Shimmy" Patton and Daniel T. Gallagher operated a large movable casino known as the Harvard Club at several locations on Harvard Ave. It could accommodated 500–1,000 people and was one of the largest casinos between New York and Chicago. It defied numerous raids until it was finally shut down by Frank Lausche in 1941[18]
"Handsome" Larry Davidson a former prohibition agent, and Dan F. Coughlin operated a rum-running organization on Lake Erie from Cleveland.[19] The ring imported liquor from Canada to Cedar Point and Toledo and then distributed the alcohol to the Chicago area. [20] The gang also had an overland route from Florida to transport booze.[21] A member of the ring, Ollie Zess, bribed Coast Guardsmen to accomplish the bootlegging.[22]
In the late 1930s, Arthur B. McBride launched a wire service that supplied bookmakers with the results of horse races. He also invested in the Continental Press and Empire News, both based in Cleveland and run by mobsters Morris "Mushy" Wexler and Sam "Gameboy" Miller. James Ragen, another friend and associate in the wire business, was murdered in 1946 in a Chicago gangland feud. A federal grand jury in 1940 indicted 18 people, including McBride and Wexler, over the supply of information used in gambling. The allegations were based on federal laws that forbade interstate transmission of lottery results; prosecutors treated the race results as lottery lists. He was never arrested or tried over his role in the business. McBride went on to found the Cleveland Browns.[citation needed]
Post World War II
In the 1960s and 70s, the Kilbane Brothers, Martin, and Owen Kilbane operated prostitution, gambling, and loan sharking rackets on Cleveland's east side. The Kilbane Brothers were convicted of murder for hire of Marlene Steele by her husband Euclid Municipal Judge Robert Steele. The Kilbane Brothers were also convicted of killing Andrew Prunella, a rival pimp and gangster.[23]
Danny Greene
Greene formed a crew known as "The Celtic Club." He moved into the vending machine racket, which was controlled by Thomas "The Chinaman" Sinto. His relationship with Alex "Shondor" Birns also soured after a dispute concerning a loan. Birns and Greene put contracts on each other. Birns was murdered by a car bomb, which was planted by a Hell's Angel member who was hired by a Greene associate.
The war was costly.
Members of Greene's crew, Kevin McTaggart, Keith Ritson, Frederick (Fritz) Graewe, and Hartmut (Hans the Surgeon) Graewe went on to work in a drug ring with Thomas Sinito.[24] The drug ring was a major distributor of marijuana and cocaine. The ring was responsible for 19 murders. Ritson was murdered while in the ring, McTaggart was sentenced to life and the Graewe Brothers were sentenced to lengthy prison terms.
Detroit
The Joseph "Legs" Laman gang specialized in the "snatch racket," which involved kidnapping wealthy bootleggers and gamblers.[25] Many kidnappings attributed to the Purple Gang were committed by the Laman gang. The gang ran into trouble when it began kidnapping legitimate business people. During a ransom pickup of David Cass, a wealthy real estate dealer, the police arrived and Laman was shot and taken into custody. After Laman was arrested his associates executed Cass. Laman turned state's witness and the gang was broken up. Laman was sentenced to 30 to 40 years in prison.
Hot Springs, Arkansas
Owney Madden was a former bootlegger, who controlled the Hell's Kitchen rackets and owned several night clubs including the Cotton Club. Madden relocated to Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1935. Upon arriving he operated the Hotel Arkansas casino and a wire service.[26] During Madden's time Hot Springs became a gambling hot spot with had ten large casinos, numerous smaller gambling dens, and off-track betting parlors.[27]
Milwaukee
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Minneapolis
Tommy Banks operated an organization known as the Minneapolis Syndicate that engaged in bootlegging.
New Orleans
An early prohibition gang, the Terminal Gang consisted of many from the Irish Channel neighborhood, including Frankie Mullen, Harold “The Parole King” Normandale, and Fred Kelly. The gang was closely aligned with Democratic Mayor Martin Behrem and was named for the Terminal Station where many acted as livery drivers. The gang would rob fares as well as engaging in gambling, alcohol, and narcotics rings. The gang was decimated after the defeat of Mayor Martin Behrem.[30]
William Bailey and business partner Manuel Acosta operated a bootleg and hijack gang during prohibition. In 1930, Bailey was murdered on the orders of New Orleans crime family acting boss Silvestro Carollo. New Orleans Police believed the killing was in retaliation for a liquor hijacking.
Oklahoma City
An Irish prison gang established itself as an alternative to the
Rock Island
Southern Illinois
The Shelton Brothers Gang was an early Prohibition-era gang that controlled bootlegging in Southern Illinois. The Shelton Brothers Gang and rival Charles Birger gang engaged in a war with the Ku Klux Klan that concluded with a shoot out at Herrin. The attack broke the back of the KKK's leadership and widespread bootlegging continued. The Shelton Brothers Gang engaged in a war with Charles Birger's gang that concluded, in 1925, when the Shelton Brothers were convicted of the murder of a mail carrier. In 1928, Charles Birger was convicted of ordering the killing Joe Adams, the mayor of West City, Illinois, a Shelton backer, and hanged.
St. Louis
Thomas Egan and Thomas Kinney formed Egan's Rats, a large organized gang. A rival Hogan Gang led by Edward "Jelly Roll" Hogan also operated in the city. The gangs engaged in the Egan-Hogan War of 1921–23, which resulted in the breakup of Egan's Rats.
Toledo
Jack Kennedy controlled bootlegging and operated nightclubs in Toledo. Kennedy became involved in a turf war with Thomas Licavoli's gang. An enforcer of the Licavoli gang and childhood friend of Kennedy, Joseph "Wop" English, killed Kennedy.[33] Licavoli was arrested for conspiracy to commit murder in the slayings of Kennedy and three other club owners. Convicted, in 1934, Licavoli was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Ohio Penitentiary, despite attempts by Cleveland mobster Alfred Polizzi to secure parole.
Gerald James Hayes, known as "Gentleman Jimmy", Hayes moved from Cleveland to Toledo as a child and eventually worked as a taxi cab driver. He sold his interest in the limo business and operated the Villa, Ramona Casino, Hollywood Club, Point's Casino, and Club Manito.</ref> He also opened a few clubs in the Cleveland area. In 1934, Hayes was found murdered, in Detroit, where he had been watching a World Series game between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Detroit Tigers. His wife, Eleanor, continued to operate his casinos for several years following his death. There is speculation that Hayes was murdered by Thomas Licavoli's gang because he may have been called as a witness in Licavoli's Kennedy murder trial or the Licavoli gang was trying to take over his gaming operations.[34]
Canada
Montreal
West End Gang
The
The gang, which is dominated by – but not exclusively limited to – members of
Since that time, the gang has formulated ties to the
Ireland
Dublin
1860s – 1950s
See Monto.
1960s
During the 1960s, the majority of crime in Dublin was petty crime, while murder and gun-related crime were extremely rare. There was a strong sense of community between families, and the church had an influence on creating the law-abiding state of mind in Dublin.[42] A breeding ground for criminals was at the state-funded reform schools run by Catholic religious orders, which had harsh policies in teaching and looking after juvenile delinquents, aiming, often in vain, to turn them away from a life of crime. Martin Cahill and Christy Dunne were noted to be at these schools.[43]
1970s
During the 1970s, Dublin saw an increase in gun crime. One cause of the increase was the
Soon ordinary criminals (with little political influence), would join/cooperate with the Dunne crime family. Mainly partaking in co-operative robberies, this included Christy's eight brothers, and many recruits who would then pursue their own crime families such as
In the beginning, Dunne specialized in kidnapping.[43] In 1978, the Dunnes broke into an Antigen pharmaceutical factory, stealing pharmaceutical drugs which would go for a high price on the black market. Due to the profit, the Dunnes would put their priorities in the drug trade as their main source of income.[42]
What also occurred during this period is the emergence of the
1980s
While the Dunnes would be the first crime family to get involved with the drug trade, Money was earned in the millions in the 1980s through the heroin epidemic. It was considered easier money and more lucrative than bank robberies.[42]
The heroin crisis destroyed communities of working-class inner-city neighborhoods, which were once considered to be safe. Despite this many citizens protested and took their own actions against the epidemic, most notable was Concerned Parents Against Drugs. Some of these vigilantes took extreme actions such as murdering or blowing up the apartment of a believed drug-dealer.[43]
Often Larry Dunne could not meet the demand for heroin, so many others got involved, but Larry was still considered the main source. One was Tony "King Scum" Felloni, once in the prostitution business, he would move into the drug trade. Overall there was mutual respect, and practically no conflict between crime families and drug king-pins, around the 1980s.[42]
In 1983 Larry Dunne was finally arrested and was not able secure bail when drugs were found in his mansion. This led him to leave the country, but he was caught in 1985 in Portugal. The passing of the Criminal Justice Act made life harder for drug-traffickers. As a result, by the mid-1980s, the majority of the Dunnes were in prison or had fled.[42]
With the end of the Dunne family, many saw it as an opportunity to join the drug trade and be number one (it was estimated to be roughly 40 groups). The person who became the next drug-kingpin was John Gilligan. Once a small-time crook, during the time of his sentencing in Portlaoise Prison he formed a mob of 6, including Bryan Meehan, Peter Mitchel and Paul Ward. Gilligan started off selling marijuana, since this was less of a priority for the gardai and the buyers had more money. Later Gilligan's membership would grow to a much larger number, but with that came a lack of loyalty.[42]
The Gardaí's focus was still on paramilitary groups (with the odd taskforce combatting drugs).[42]
1990s
Veronica Guerin was a reporter who wrote a series of articles in the early 1990s, reporting on John Traynor, Gerry Hutch and John Gilligan. This led to Guerin being the target of multiple murder attempts. Though she survived for a time, she was eventually killed in the outskirts of Dublin on the N7 by Bryan Meehan, Peter Mitchell, Seamus Ward, and Charles Bowden, all members of Gilligan's crime syndicate. As a reaction to this murder, the Criminal Assets Bureau was formed in Ireland.
A wave of 400 subsequent arrests saw the end of Gilligan's mob.[42] But once again this led to the rise of factions hoping to replace the leader. These included George Mitchell, Christy Kinahan and John Cunningham, often dealing with their finance overseas, in order to avoid the Criminal Assets Bureau. These events would later be depicted in the 2003 Irish film Veronica Guerin.
2000s
By the early 2000s, many of Dublin's crime bosses had fled to Spain, due to the harsher laws combatting crime families. One of the more notable is Christy Kinahan and his mob.[42]
In Crumlin and Drimnagh in South Dublin, a gang dispute led to two factions (one led by Freddie Thompson and the other by Brian Rattigan) engaging in a gang war with 16 people dead as a result. Rattigan was sent to prison after shooting at a police van, but continued leadership of his gang while in prison. 2005 saw the peak of the murder per day ratio, with three people killed in two days, plus a murder earlier in the year.[44] Three people were murdered on 8 October 2007[45] and three more in the next two years.[46][47]
Limerick
Pre-Irish crime families
Much like Dublin, Limerick had little crime in the 1960s, despite having overcrowded neighborhoods suffering from poverty and unemployment. Many were forced to move to Southill, which saw an increase in antisocial behavior. No organised crime was present,[48] but there were very disorganized gangs of youths which often committed vandalism.[49]
The first crime family (Irish mafia)
Brothers Mike and Anthony Kelly committed robberies in their youth.[49] Mike would frequently get into fights at pubs (which would later get out of hand, after someone was killed). During the pub fighting days (which he was known for) he would also take-up armed robbery and other serious crimes.[49] Later Kelly and associates would set up protection rackets, which would also combat antisocial behavior, by using harsh and violent action towards vandals. Every day, Mike Kelly collected a pound from each house, supplying a form of protection.[48] The main purpose of earning money was to fund his drinking problem.[49]
He is now a reformed criminal and lives in Southill.
Limerick feud
During the 1990s Keane's were considered the most powerful crime family in Limerick. The Keane's turf was mainly Saint Mary's Park. They had neighborhood allies being the Collopys (including Brian Collopy and Phillip Collopy). They'd also hire a violent hitman named Eddie Ryan, to be an enforcer.[50] In the late nineties the drug-trade would have two major mobs. These being The Keane-Collopy (led by Christy Keane and younger violent brother Kieran Keane) and The Ryans (led by Eddie Ryan). There was a dispute between these two factions, and at one stage Eddie Ryan tried to kill Christy Keane, but his gun jammed. With motivations of revenge, the Keanes executed Ryan. This would be considered a catalyst in the Limerick Feud. This led to war between the Ryans and Keanes, and eventually McCarthy-Dundon.[48]
Another crime family would appear on the sideline, after Wayne Dundon came back from Hackney, England (as he was deported back to his home country). Wayne would form the McCarthy-Dundon gang which involved his brothers; John Dundon, Ger Dundon, and Dessie Dundon. Along with their cousins the McCarthy family.[50] At first they would pose as allies to both The Ryans and Keane-Collopy. But in the background, schemed their own plans to defeat the two gangs.[48] Eventually they would make their move and kill Kearan Keane (one of the bosses of the Keane-Collopy) in 2003. This would result in the demise of the Keane-Collopy's reign. And to be replaced by McCarthy-Dundon.[50] However many murders between the factions would occur, roughly 20 killed and 100 arrested (in relation to the feud).[51]
Recent years
Today organized crime is the main focus of police in Limerick. The number of arrests has significantly increased,[48] and the number of crimes has significantly decreased.[52] Gang warfare still occurs, but not as often. Turf wars over council housing/working-class estates, are particularly common in Southill (McCarthy-Dundon turf) and Saint Mary's Park (Keane-Collopy turf).[50] Also executions or intimidation of civilians that get in the way of the crime organisations have decreased. However, the example of Ryan Collins is still not forgotten.[48]
Many Limerick crime families' higher-ups are said to operate on a global scale.[48] On the other hand, of the few gang gang-killings related to the Limerick Feud are done by those who are in their teenage years.[48] These teenagers also partake in drug-related crimes (such as drug-dealing for McCarthy-Dundon and Keane-Collopy crime families).[50]
Another faction in Rathkeale, is Rathkeale Rovers, who is part of the local Rathkeale traveller community.[53]
Spain
Kinahan cartel
The
The Kinahans are reportedly associated with the Moroccan mafia on the Costa del Sol.[59]
Fiction
The Irish Mob has been alluded to in numerous novels and short stories. The Sherlock Holmes mysteries mention James Moriarty as a criminal mastermind in London and his gang associates Sebastian Moran and Paddy Flynn (all Irish names) which though never expressly stated hint a connection to the Irish Mob.
Films
Irish mobsters appeared as characters in the early "gangster" films of the 1930s and film noir of the 1940s. These roles are often identified with actors such as James Cagney, Pat O'Brien, Frank McHugh, Ralph Bellamy, Spencer Tracy, Lynne Overman, and Frank Morgan (although Bellamy, Morgan and Overman were not of Irish descent), as well as stars including Humphrey Bogart and Edward G. Robinson.
- Underworld (1927), gangster Bull Weed (George Bancroft) befriends a down and out former district attorney "Rolls Royce" Wensel (Clive Brook); soon, the two begin fighting over the gun moll Feathers McCoy (Evelyn Brent).
- The Racket (1928), Chicago police Captain James McQuigg (Thomas Meighan) matches wits with bootlegger Nick Scarsi (Louis Wolheim), their rivalry threatens to uncover the secret mastermind behind "The Organization," the criminal syndicate running Chicago.
- The Public Enemy (1931), played by James Cagney, Tom Powers is a bootlegger whose older brother Michael (Donald Cook) attempts to reform him while he fights his way to the top of the underworld.
- Scarface (1932), Tony Camonte fights several Irish gangs in Chicago.
- Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), after former mob boss Rocky Sullivan (Cagney) returns to Hell's Kitchen, former childhood friend, Father Jerry Connolly (O'Brien) tries to save him from himself.
- On the Waterfront (1954), after witnessing the murder of a fellow longshoreman, Terry Malloy (Marlon Brando) must choose sides between his brother Charlie (Rod Steiger) and mobbed-up Irish-American union boss Johnny Friendly (Lee J. Cobb) against crusading priest Father Barry (Karl Malden) and Edie Doyle (Eva Marie Saint).
- St. Valentine's Day Massacre stars Jason Robards as Al Capone, Ralph Meeker as Bugs Moran, and appearances by George Segal and Jack Nicholson.
- Prime Cut (1972), Nick Devlin (Lee Marvin), an enforcer for the Chicago Irish mob, is sent to Kansas to collect a debt from Mary Ann (Gene Hackman) the owner of a slaughterhouse.
- Robert Shaw).
- The Friends of Eddie Coyle (1973), Eddie Coyle (Robert Mitchum), a gunrunner for the Boston Irish Mob, becomes an informant; when the mob finds out, they send his friend Dillon (Peter Boyle) to kill him.
- Sorcerer (1977), one of the main characters is a member of an Irish gang and on the run following a botched attempt to rob an Italian Mafia crew.
- Miller's Crossing (1990), Irish gangster Tom Reagan (Gabriel Byrne) tries to prevent a gang war between Irish boss Leo O'Bannion (Albert Finney) and Italian boss Johnny Casper (Jon Polito).
- The Westies, which include childhood friend Jackie Flannery (Gary Oldman) and neighborhood boss Frankie Flannery (Ed Harris).
- Last Man Standing (1996), gunman John Smith (Bruce Willis) becomes involved in a gang war between an Irish gang led by Doyle (David Patrick Kelly) and an Italian gang led by Fredo Strozzi (Ned Eisenberg) in the small town of Jericho, Texas.
- Sleepers (1996)
- The General (1998), true story of Martin Cahill (Brendan Gleeson) who rose from petty criminal to lead of one of Dublin's most powerful crime gangs before being murdered in 1994.
- Charlestown, Massachusetts, a charismatic enforcer in the Irish Mob (Denis Leary) must decide whether to abide by the neighborhood code of silence when his boss (Colm Meaney) begins murdering members of his family.
- Southie (1998), Danny Quinn (Donnie Wahlberg) returns to South Boston and gets stuck between his friends, who are supported by one Irish gang, and his family, who are members of another.
- Gangs of New York (2002), starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Daniel Day-Lewis, about the criminal underworld of the Five Points neighborhood in Manhattan in the 1860s.
- Ash Wednesday (2002), Edward Burns wrote, directed, and starred in this movie about Irish gangsters in Hell's Kitchen.
- Road to Perdition (2002), based on the graphic novel by Max Allan Collins, Irish American gangster Michael Sullivan (Tom Hanks) finds himself on the run from his former employer, Irish Mob boss John Rooney (Newman), after his son witnesses a gangland slaying.
- Dirty Deeds (2002), in 1969, Irish Australian gangsters find themselves pitted against rival Sydney gangsters for control of gambling.
- Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), Seamus O'Grady (Justin Theroux) is a member of the Irish Mob.
- Veronica Guerin (2003), based on the true story of a reporter who challenges the mob in Dublin.
- A History of Violence (2005), film featuring Irish American gangsters from Philadelphia.
- The Departed (2006), A Boston-set remake of the Hong Kong crime film Infernal Affairs (2002) about two moles, one a cop in the city's Irish Mob, the other a mobster in the Massachusetts State Police.
- What Doesn't Kill You (2008), based on the life of director Brian Goodman, featuring two childhood friends who join a South Boston Irish American gang.
- White Irish Drinkers (2010)
- The Town (2010), a crime drama involving a gang of Irish American bank robbers in Charlestown, Boston.
- Kill the Irishman (2011), in Cleveland in the 1970s, Danny Greene, an Irish American mob boss and FBI informant, goes to war against Cleveland crime family boss James T. Licavoli.
- Boston Italian-American Mafia.
- Whitey: United States of America v. James J. Bulger (2014), a documentary about James "Whitey" Bulger.
- Bratva.
- Black Mass (2015), a film based on the true story of Whitey Bulger, who lead the Winter Hill Gang, which was based in South Boston.
- Run All Night (2015), an Irish American mobster (Liam Neeson) fights to protect his son from his former boss (Ed Harris).
- Cardboard Gangsters (2017)
- Italian-American Mafia boss Russell Bufalino
- Kings of Coke (2022), a documentary film chronicling the history of the West End Gang of Montreal
Television
- Oz (1997), the Irish American Bridge Street Gang led by Ryan O'Reily is one of the criminal organizations wielding influence in the Oswald State Correctional Facility
- Brotherhood (2006), set in Providence, Rhode Islandand revolving around the alliance between two Irish American brothers
- Paddy Whacked: The Irish Mob (2006), a documentary tracing the rise and fall of the Irish mob
- Italian-American Mafia
- Underbelly (2008), Australian drama series based on the Melbourne gangland killings
- Atlantic City and featuring gangsters of various ethnicities, including Irish American gangsters. The Irish American mobster protagonist is loosely based on real-life Irish American mobster Enoch L. Johnson
- Madso's War (2010), a television film about Mike "Madso" Madden who is drawn into the underworld when a power vacuum opens following the departure of a mob boss
- Love/Hate (2010), depicts Dublin's underworld
- The Chicago Code (2011), set in Chicago, undercover police investigate corruption involving the Irish Mob
- Copper (2012), Irish American street gangs are depicted
- Sons of Anarchy (Season 7) (2013), IRA arms dealer Connor Malone goes rogue and eventually cuts ties with the organization permanently and establishes an independent gunrunning syndicate with other former IRA operatives.
- Ray Donovan (2013), series about an Irish American Ray Donovan, Boston-born professional "fixer" and his family.
- Public Morals (2015), series set in 1960's New York as Irish mobsters try and take control of the city
- Daredevil
- (season 1, 2015), Matt Murdock's father, a professional boxer, is killed by the Hell's Kitchen Irish Mob on the orders of Irish American mobster Roscoe Sweeney after failing to take a dive in a fixed boxing match.
- (Only season 2, 2016), depicts a gang of Irish American mobsters, known as the Kitchen Irish, trying to replace the Kingpin as the dominant crime family in New York, which brings them into conflict with the Punisherwhen he wipes out most of the gang's leadership in an ambush. Their base of operations is next to the Hell's Kitchen bikers club Dogs of Hell. The Kitchen Irish are loosely based on the Westies.
- Ozark (Season 2–present), depicts a fictional Kansas City crime family headed by Irish American mobster Frank Cosgrove.
- Fargo (season 4)features an Irish-American gang in Kansas City and its downfall at the hands of an Italian American Mafia family.
- Kin (2021), tells the story of a fictional Dublin family embroiled in gangland war and speaks to the enduring unbreakable bonds of blood and family.
- Power Book IV: Force (2022), depicts the Flynn crime family, an Irish American criminal organization based out of Chicago whom the protagonist; Tommy Egan, encounters.
- Joseph P. Kennedy
Video games
- Grand Theft Auto IV (2008) features the McReary Crime Family, an Irish criminal syndicate reduced to working as hired guns for the Mafia following their takeover of organized crime in Liberty City (the game's setting, a fictional parody of New York City). The McReary's are among the more powerful gangs of Liberty City, controlling most of Dukes (the in-game counterpart of Queens), and become one of the player's main allies and employers during the storyline. The gang is led by Gerald McReary, and later by his younger brother Patrick following Gerald's arrest and incarceration. After Patrick moves away from Liberty City, the McReary's are left leaderless and presumably disband. In the handheld game Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars (2009), they have been replaced by a street gang called the "Irish American Killers", who play no role in the storyline.
- In Valentine's Day Massacre. Led by elderly mobster Dermot "Lucky" Quinn, the club has recently expanded into human trafficking and the theft and sale of confidential information, using the city's vast surveillance network to expand their reach and influence. Quinn, regarded as one of Chicago's most prominent citizens, keeps a vast payroll of city employees from prison guards to the mayor himself, and his lieutenants, including Joseph DeMarco and Tommy Flanagan, oversee illegal businesses including money laundering, drug trafficking, and contract killing. Following Quinn's death at the end of the game's storyline, the club is taken over by his son Niall.
- Mafia II (2010) features the O'Neill Gang, an Irish criminal syndicate founded by Irish immigrant Jimmy O'Neill during the 1800s in the fictional Empire Bay (based on New York City). Led by Brian O'Neill, they are one of the most powerful gangs in the city, controlling the neighborhoods of Dipton and Kingston, and have a rivalry with the Mafia. The gang is first encountered in the storyline when they attempts to rob a jewelry store at the same time as the player character; while the player escapes from the police, most of the Irish gangsters, including O'Neill, are arrested. Later, while the player is in prison, they encounter O'Neill again and murder him in a fight. Five years later, after the player is released of prison, the gang takes revenge on them by burning down their house, prompting the player to retaliate by attacking a bar owned by them and killing their new leader, Mickey Desmond.
- A different version of the Irish Mob, called the Brodie Gang, is featured in two of the game's expansion packs, "The Betrayal of Jimmy" and "Jimmy's Vendetta". This incarnation is led by a man named Tam Brodie and is at war with the local Triads. During the first DLC, Brodie hires the player character to help him take over the Triads' territory and wipe them out, before conspiring with the Gravina Crime Family and a corrupt judge to have the player framed for narcotics possession and arrested. In the second DLC, after the player escapes from prison, they exact revenge on Brodie, sabotaging his operations to weaken his position before finding and killing him.
- In Mafia III (2016), the Irish Mob in the fictional New Bordeaux (based on New Orleans) is one of several criminal factions the player recruits in their quest to control the city's criminal underworld. Operating out of a scrapyard/chop shop owned by Irish mob boss Thomas Burke and his daughter and underboss Nicki, the gang's interests include bootlegging, drug smuggling, and gunrunning, and they can assist the player by providing cars, explosives, and interfering with police pursuits. In turn, the player can undertake special missions to boost their loyalty and unlock further perks.
- The Irish Mob has been portrayed by a popular roleplaying community known as GTA:World on RAGE:MP (GTA:V).
See also
References
Citations
- Irish Times.
- New York Times. January 28, 1871.
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- ^ Margaret Lynch (n.d.). "Growth, Gangs, and Notoriety" (PDF). Irish American Archives Society. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ^ ://case.edu/ech/articles/h/haymarket
- ^ "Capture of the Infamous Blinky Morgan Gang in Alpena, Michigan". January 20, 2021.
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- ^ Jim Dubelko (August 11, 2011). "Black Jack McGinty From the Old Angle to the Desert Inn". Cleveland State University. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
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- ISBN 978-0786435166
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- ^ Cory Shaffer (January 30, 2019). "Irish gangsters convicted in 1969 contract-killing of Euclid judge's wife lose appeal as parole decision looms". Cleveland.com. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ^ "After Living Quietly Away from the Mob for Decades, FMR. Cleveland Mafia Associate Fritz Graewe Dies at 66". March 4, 2019.
- ^ "Prohibition & The Detroit Underworld - The Gangster Report". July 2, 2014.
- ^ "Owen Madden". Babyface Nelson Journal.
- ^ "Gangsters, Thugs, and Mafia in Hot Springs, Arkansas – Legends of America".
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- ^ "The Gangs of New Orleans". August 8, 2016.
- ^ "Irish mob allegedly tries to silence witnesses in Oklahoma City shootout". The Oklahoman. May 21, 2017.
- ^ Schwab, Kyle. "FBI takes down Irish Mob meth suppliers, according to drug conspiracy charge". Tulsa World.
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- ^ a b c d e f Burnstein, Scott (January 2015). "Irish Mob Boss Matticks Loses Battle With Cancer in Canada". The Gangster Report. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
- ^ a b "Reputed gang leader Gerald Matticks denied parole". CTV News Montreal. Bell Media. October 15, 2009. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
- ^ a b c Bolan, Kim (February 16, 2017). "Irish mobster pleads guilty to controlling massive Montreal weapons cache containing 1,475 dynamite sticks". National Post. Postmedia Network Inc. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
- ^ Thanh Ha, Tu (January 16, 2015). "Storied Montreal mobster Richard Matticks, dead at 80, was a character in one of the biggest Quebec police scandals". The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
- ^ Cherry, Paul (September 19, 2008). "Mob Linked to N.D.G. killing; Richard Griffin. Cops Sniffed Out Cocaine Shipment". The Gazette. Montreal.
- ^ Cherry, Paul (December 8, 2006). "Smugglers Carried Coke on Ship Hulls: RCMP arrest 19; Network Distributed Drugs throughout Eastern Canada, Investigators Say". The Gazette. Montreal.
- ^ Cherry, Paul (September 25, 2009). "Dealer Bragged of Military Aid, Trial is Told". The Gazette. Montreal.
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- ^ a b c "Underworld: Dublin Gangland - National Geographic Channel - UK". Archived from the original on July 11, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
- ^ Brady, Tom (July 18, 2009). "How old feud among friends became a bloodbath". Independent.ie. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
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- ^ Gangsters' paradise: A look at the key figures past and present of the Costa del Crime Rob Horgan, The Olive Press (18 October 2015)
- ^ Who is the kingpin behind Irish-led cartel based in Spain? Conor Lally, The Irish Times (7 February 2016)
- ^ Why is Irish drug trafficker Christy Kinahan still at liberty on the Costa del Sol? Oriol Güell, El País (7 November 2016)
- ^ Couzens, Gerard (June 15, 2018). "James Quinn convicted over murder of Gary Hutch in Spain". The Irish Times. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
- ^ Foy, Ken; Schiller, Robin; Couzens, Gerard (August 18, 2016). "Partner of innocent Trevor O'Neill says their children are 'petrified' after he was shot in front of them". Irish Independent. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
- ^ Revealed: How a 'new generation' of ruthless Dutch gangs are 'helping Irish drug mafia operate along Spain's Costa del Sol from Dubai' after third suspected assassination in three months Laurence Dollimore, The Olive Press (17 November 2019)
General and cited references
- ISBN 9780446506144..
- Clark, Neil G. Dock Boss: Eddie McGrath and the West Side Waterfront. Barricade Books, 2017. ISBN 978-1-56980-813-9.
- Covey, Herbert C. Street Gangs Throughout the World. Charles C. Thomas. ISBN 978-0-398-07905-5.
- Downey, Patrick. Gangster City: The History of the New York Underworld, 1900–1935. Barricade Books, 2004. ISBN 1-56980-267-X.
- Durney, James. The Mob: The History of Irish Gangsters in America.
- English, T. J. The Westies.
- English, T. J. Paddy Whacked: The Untold Story of the Irish American Gangster. New York: HarperCollins, 2005. ISBN 0-06-059002-5.
- Flemmi, Joe. The General.
- Hornblum, Allen. Confessions of a Second Story Man: Junior Kripplebauer and the K&A Gang.
- Jacobs, James B., Coleen Friel, and Robert Radick. Gotham Unbound: How New York City Was Liberated from the Grip of Organized Crime. New York: NYU Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8147-4247-5.
- Lehr, Dick and O'Neill, Gerard. Black Mass.
- McCain, Joe (2005). Legends of Winter Hill.
- MacDonald, Michael Patrick. All Souls.
- McKenzie, Edward "Eddie Mac". Street Soldier.
- Porrello, Rick. To Kill the Irishman: The War that Crippled the Mafia. Novelty, Ohio: Next Hat Press, 2004. ISBN 0-9662508-9-3
- Shea, John "Red". Rat Bastards.
- State Department, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. Country Reports on Terrorism 2004.
- ISBN 1-56849-377-0
- Weeks, Kevin. Brutal: The Untold Story of My Life Inside Whitey Bulger's Irish Mob.
- Williams, Paul. The General: Irish Mob Boss. First Forge, 2003. ISBN 0-7653-0624-7
.