Brodmann area 9
| Brodmann area 9 | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | area frontalis granularis |
| NeuroNames | 1024 |
| NeuroLex ID | birnlex_1740 |
| FMA | 68606 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
Brodmann area 9, or BA9, refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal cortex in the brain of humans and other primates. Its cytoarchitecture is referred to as granular due to the concentration of granule cells in layer IV.[1] It contributes to the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex.
Functions
The area is involved in short term memory,[2] evaluating recency,[3] overriding automatic responses,[4] verbal fluency,[5] error detection,[6] auditory verbal attention,[7] inferring the intention of others,[8] inferring deduction from spatial imagery,[9] inductive reasoning,[10] attributing intention,[11] sustained attention involved in counting a series of auditory stimuli,[12] and displays lower levels of energy consumption in individuals suffering from bipolar disorder.[13]
The area found on the left hemisphere is at least partially responsible for empathy,[14] idioms,[15][16] processing pleasant and unpleasant emotional scenes,[17] self criticisms[18] and attention to negative emotions.[19]
On the right hemisphere the region is involved in attributing intention,[20] theory of mind,[21] suppressing sadness,[22] working memory,[23][24][25] spatial memory,[26][27] recognition,[28][29][30] recall,[29][31][32] recognizing the emotions of others,[33] planning,[34] calculation,[35][36] semantic and perceptual processing of odors,[37] religiosity,[38] and attention to positive emotions.[19]
Guenon
Brodmann area 9 also exists in the frontal lobe of the
Image
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Animation. -
front view. -
Lateral view. -
Medial view.
See also
References
- ^ Vasković, Jana (2023-11-03), Cytoarchitecture of cerebral cortex, Kenhub GmbH
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- S2CID 23014601.
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- S2CID 1322021.
- S2CID 9912957.
- ^ S2CID 4984022.
- S2CID 11846982.
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- PMID 16135622.
- S2CID 17878279.
- PMID 11960021.
- S2CID 497926.
- S2CID 14396813.
- S2CID 33797492.
- S2CID 1281343.
- ^ PMID 9010011.
- S2CID 14846471.
- PMID 8134341.
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- PMID 12914254. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2014-11-07.
- S2CID 2413702.
- S2CID 20076761.
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- ^
This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.[unreliable source?] "BrainInfo". Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
External links
- Gusnard, Debra A.; Akbudak, Erbil; Shulman, Gordon L.; Raichle, Marcus E. (March 27, 2001). "Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Self-Referential Mental Activity: Relation to a Default Mode of Brain Function". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (7): 4259–64. PMID 11259662.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20141104204919/http://www.skiltopo.com/1/index.htm#BA9L[full citation needed]
- For Neuroanatomy of this area see BrainInfo