Business routes of Interstate 94 in Michigan
Location | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Country | United States | |||
State | Michigan | |||
Highway system | ||||
|
There are currently eight business routes of Interstate 94 (I-94) in the US state of
Benton Harbor–St. Joseph
Location | Benton Harbor–St. Joseph |
---|---|
Length | 10.705 mi[1] (17.228 km) |
Existed | 1960[2]–present |
Tourist routes |
|
Business Loop Interstate 94 (BL I-94) is a 10.7-mile (17.2 km)
From there, it follows the five-lane Main Street through downtown Benton Harbor through
The highway through the downtowns of Benton Harbor and St. Joseph was a part of US 12 when the United States Numbered Highway System was created in late 1926. US 31 was also routed concurrently through the area.[6] The US 33 designation was later added to US 31 from the state line northward to US 12 in St. Joseph in 1937.[7][8] On November 2, 1960, the I-94/US 12 freeway opened around the Benton Harbor–St. Joseph area,[2] and the former route of US 12 through downtown was renumbered BL I-94. By the next year, US 33 was extended along BL I-94/US 31, and the eastern end of BL I-94 was converted to a divided highway.[9] In 1962, US 31 was rerouted out of downtown Benton Harbor and St. Joseph to follow a new freeway east of Benton Harbor, removing it from BL I-94/US 33.[10][11] When the business route was first constructed, it had half of a bridgeless diamond interchange each at Crystal and Euclid avenues, with the intent of building overpasses for both crossroads at a later date. Due to a high number of accidents at these two roads, construction began in 1966 to remove the two ramps at Euclid Avenue while also moving that road to an overpass and adding two more ramps at Crystal Avenue.[12] Also as first constructed, the interchanges at each end of the route only consisted of two ramps; a third ramp was added to the eastern end before the highway opened,[13] and the interchange at the western end was converted to a full interchange in 1979.[14]
A new pair of bridges over the St. Joseph River and adjacent Morrison Channel opened in part in 1976 and in full in 1977,[15] replacing bridges built in 1909 and 1911,[16] and were named and dedicated the following month.[17] A planned relocation south of St. Joseph, proposed as late as 1979,[18] was never built. US 33 was truncated in 1986,[19] removing it from BL I-94 and replacing it with M-63 the following year when signage was updated.[20][21] The Great Lakes Circle Tours were approved by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) and its counterparts in Minnesota, Ontario, and Wisconsin.[22] In 2016, the section of the business loop concurrent with M-63 was dedicated as part of the West Michigan Pike Pure Michigan Byway.[23]
The interchange at the eastern terminus was rebuilt as part of the completion of the St. Joseph Valley Parkway (US 31 relocation); the reconstruction started in 2020.[5] The former diamond interchange at Crystal Avenue was also replaced with a roundabout in 2020.[3][5] Parkway construction was completed in November 2022.[24]
Major intersections
The entire highway is in Berrien County.
Location | mi[1] | km | Destinations | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Detroit | Exit 23 on I-94; southern end of LMCT concurrency | ||||
St. Joseph | 5.537 | 8.911 | M-63 south | Southern end of M-63 concurrency | |
6.067 | 9.764 | LMCT north | Northern end of M-63 and LMCT concurrencies | ||
Benton Harbor–Benton Heights city line | 8.469– 8.591 | 13.630– 13.826 | M-139 south – Niles | Northern terminus of M-139 | |
Benton Heights | 9.487 | 15.268 | Crystal Avenue | Roundabout; former at-grade intersection with connecting ramps | |
Detroit, Niles | Exit 33 on I-94; exit 27 on US 31 | ||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Kalamazoo
Location | Kalamazoo |
---|---|
Length | 2.885 mi[1] (4.643 km) |
Existed | 2019[25]–present |
History | 1960[26]–2019 as BL I-94 |
Business Spur Interstate 94 (BS I-94) is a
On December 7, 1959, the I-94/US 12 freeway opened on the south side of Kalamazoo.[29] When US 12 was shifted to follow the new freeway, the former route through downtown Kalamazoo was redesignated Business US Highway 12 (Bus. US 12).[30] The next year, it was renumbered Business Loop I-94 (BL I-94).[26] In 1963, the US 131 freeway opened on the west side of Kalamazoo. Along with the creation of Bus. US 131 along a portion of the BL I-94 routing, BL I-94 was rerouted along the US 131 freeway on the west end back to I-94. The section of Stadium Drive west of US 131 and the 9th Street routing was removed from BL I-94.[31][32] Kalamazoo and the newly built Michikal avenues were transferred to state jurisdiction in 1965. Afterward, Kalamazoo and Michigan avenues were used as a pair of one-way streets downtown. Kalamazoo and Michikal were then signed as westbound BL I-94 from Stadium Drive to Michigan Avenue while Main Street and Michigan Avenue continued to serve eastbound traffic.[33][34]
The City of Kalamazoo accepted jurisdiction of the trunklines within the city's downtown from MDOT in January 2019;[35] and several highway changes were made as a result. BL I-94 was removed from the US 131 freeway and Stadium Drive, although a section of the latter has been retained by the state as an unsigned highway. The rest of the BL I-94 routing along Stadium Drive, Main Street, Michigan and Kalamazoo avenues, and King Highway was turned over to city control and removed from the state highway system. A short section of King Highway west of the M-96 junction was retained by the state as an unsigned highway, leaving the section of BL I-94 from M-96 east to I-94 as a signed highway, albeit renamed to BS I-94 to reflect the fact that it no longer reconnects to I-94 on both ends.[25]
Major intersections
The entire highway is in Kalamazoo County.
Location | mi[1] | km | Destinations | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kalamazoo | 0.000 | 0.000 | M-96 east – Battle Creek | Western terminus of M-96 | |
Detroit | Westbound exit to I-94 west and eastbound entrance from I-94 east | ||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |
Battle Creek
Location | Battle Creek |
---|---|
Length | 14.052 mi[1] (22.615 km) |
Existed | 1961[36]–present |
Business Loop Interstate 94 (BL I-94) is a
In late 1940, a southerly bypass of downtown Battle Creek opened. US 12 was rerouted out of downtown to follow Columbia Avenue. The former route was redesignated Business US Highway 12 (Bus. US 12).[39][40] In 1958 or 1959, a section of the route of Bus. US 12 was split onto a one-way pairing of streets through downtown Battle Creek.[41][42] On December 7, 1959, the southern I-94/US 12 bypass of Battle Creek was dedicated and opened to traffic.[29] The former routing of US 12 along Columbia Avenue was turned over to local control and the route of Bus. US 12 was extended via Michigan Avenue easterly and M-78 (Capitol Avenue) southerly to connect to the new freeway.[42] Later the next year, this business loop was redesignated BL I-94. When the first segment of I-194 opened in 1961, BL I-94/M-78 was rerouted to follow the freeway.[36] In 1964, the western end of the business loop was realigned to follow Dickman Road west to Fort Custer and south along Skyline Drive to I-94.[43][44] The next year, as I-194 was completed and M-78 was replaced by an extended M-66, BL I-94 was rerouted through the downtown area. From Dickman Road, BL I-94 followed I-194/M-66 north to the end of the freeway at Hamblin Avenue and turned along Hamblin Avenue to Michigan Avenue via Jay Street.[44][45] A minor realignment in 1970 shifted the connection between Hamblin and Michigan avenues.[46][47] The one-way setup through downtown was removed in 1984.[48][49] M-96 and M-37 were extended in 2000, running concurrently between Skyline Drive and the Helmer Road intersections. M-89 replaced part of M-37 but did not follow the latter's routing to I-194/M-66 near downtown.[50][51] Then in 2008, BL I-94 was removed from the northern segment of I-194/M-66 freeway and rerouted to follow Dickman Road to Main Street back to Hamblin Avenue.[52][53]
To expand the blast radius for ammunitions testing at Fort Custer, MDOT rerouted the business loop and M-37 to run along the southern and eastern edges of the airport instead of following roads on the opposite sides.[54] This change was completed in 2015.[55][56]
Major intersections
The entire highway is in Calhoun County.
Location | mi[1] | km | Destinations | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
north | Southern end of M-37 concurrency | ||||
2.191 | 3.526 | M-96 east (Columbia Avenue) – Marshall | Southern end of M-96 concurrency | ||
5.197 | 8.364 | M-37 north / M-96 west – Hastings, Kalamazoo | Northern end of M-37/M-96 concurrency | ||
7.384 | 11.883 | M-89 west | Eastern terminus of M-89 | ||
8.260– 8.70 | 13.293– 14.00 | I-194 / M-66 | Exit 3 on I-194/M-66 | ||
Emmett Township | 11.099 | 17.862 | M-96 west | Western end of M-96 concurrency | |
14.052 | 22.615 | Eastern end of M-96 concurrency; exit 104 on I-94 | |||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Marshall
Location | Marshall |
---|---|
Length | 5.707 mi[1] (9.185 km) |
Existed | 1961[57][58]–present |
Tourist routes | Marshall's Territorial Road Heritage Route |
Business Loop Interstate 94 (BL I-94) is a 5.7-mile-long (9.2 km)
The first business loop in Marshall was a Business US Highway 12 (Bus. US 12) that was designated in 1960 after the I-94/
Major intersections
The entire highway is in Calhoun County.
Location | mi[1] | km | Destinations | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern end of I-69 concurrency; exit 108 on I-94; exit 38 on I-69 | |||||
1.915 | 3.082 | I-69 south – Fort Wayne M-96 west (Michigan Avenue) – Battle Creek | Southern end of I-69 concurrency; eastern terminus of M-96; exit 36 on I-69 | ||
Marshall | 2.300 | 3.701 | M-227 south | Northern terminus of M-227 | |
Detroit | Exit 112 on I-94 | ||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Albion
Location | Albion |
---|---|
Length | 4.520 mi[1] (7.274 km) |
Existed | 1961[57][58]–present |
Business Loop Interstate 94 (BL I-94) is a 4+1⁄2-mile-long (7.2 km)
The I-94/US 12 freeway in opened in Calhoun County in 1960. At this time, Eaton Avenue was transferred to state control, and the rest of the former route of US 12 through Albion was redesignated Business US Highway 12 (Bus. US 12).[64] Later that year, Bus. US 12 was redesignated BL I-94.[57][58]
Major intersections
County | Location | mi[1] | km | Destinations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Detroit | Exit 121 on I-94 | ||||
1.196 | 1.925 | M-199 west (Austin Avenue) | Eastern terminus of M-199 | ||
1.700 | 2.736 | M-99 south (Superior Street) – Hillsdale | Western end of M-99 concurrency | ||
Eastern end of M-99 concurrency; exit 124 on I-94 | |||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Jackson
Location | Jackson |
---|---|
Length | 10.274 mi[1] (16.534 km) |
Existed | 1960[71][72]–present |
Business Loop Interstate 94 (BL I-94) is a 10+1⁄4-mile-long (16.5 km)
The US 12 bypass of Jackson was partially completed in late 1951 or early 1952. US 12 turned south along US 127 (Lansing Road) at the end of the freeway to connect back to the existing routing of US 12 through the west end of town. The former routing along Ann Arbor Road and Michigan Avenue into downtown to US 12/US 127/M-50/M-60 became Business US Highway 12 (Bus. US 12) at this time.[75][76] The bypass of Jackson was extended west to Parma in 1953. BUS US 12 was rerouted along US 127/M-50/M-60 on West Avenue to connect back to US 12.[77][78] The last routing change to Bus. US 12 with the opening of the M-60 bypass of Jackson by the middle of 1961. Bus. US 12 was extended westward along Michigan Avenue to the new freeway west of town in Blackman Township and northerly to a new western terminus at I-94/US 12.[71][79] The business loop was redesignated BL I-94 in late 1960.[71][72]
In 1964, several changes were made to the business routes in downtown Jackson. Eastbound BL I-94 traffic was shifted off Michigan Avenue along Blackstone Street to Washington Avenue, and, from there, it ran along Washington to Francis Street and back to Michigan Avenue. The westbound traffic was shifted north at Mechanic Street to Pearl Street, continuing until turning south at Blackstone back to Michigan Avenue.[80][81] The eastern end was updated further in 1968 to use Louis Glick Highway to connect to the northern half of the loop around downtown to Michigan Avenue.[82][83] A set of connector streets on the western side of the downtown loop opened in November 1969 to streamline the flow of traffic further resulting in the last changes to the BL I-94 routing in Jackson.[84] Eastbound traffic was redirected to the connector on Michigan Avenue just east of 3rd Street. This connector curved south then east to Washington Avenue near 1st Street. Louis Glick Highway was extended west from Blackstone curving south to merge into Michigan.[85][86] In 2012, the eastern terminus of the business route was shifted easterly to follow Ann Arbor and Sargent roads to exit 145 on I-94; as a result, the former partial interchange between I-94 and Ann Arbor Road which formerly served as the business route's eastern terminus was obliterated.[87][88]
Major intersections
The entire highway is in Jackson County.
Location | mi[1] | km | Destinations | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
wrong-way concurrency ; exit 138 on I-94 | |||||
0.969 | 1.559 | M-60 west – Spring Arbor | Southern end of M-60 wrong-way concurrency; southern end of freeway segment | ||
Bus. US 127 north / M-50 west | Western end of Bus. US 127/M-50 concurrency | ||||
4.156 | 6.688 | Western end of one-way section | |||
5.061 | 8.145 | BL I-94 transitions between one-way directions of its concurrency partners | |||
5.226 | 8.410 | north | Eastern end of Bus. US 127/M-50 concurrency; eastern end of one-way section; southern terminus of M-106 | ||
Leoni Township | 7.554– 7.565 | 12.157– 12.175 | US 127 – Lansing, Hudson | Exit 39 on US 127 | |
10.274 | 16.534 | Detroit | Exit 145 on I-94 | ||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Ann Arbor
Location | Ann Arbor |
---|---|
Length | 8.436 mi[1] (13.576 km) |
Existed | 1961[89][90]–present |
Business Loop Interstate 94 (BL I-94) is a
The business loop follows the former routing of US 12. This routing was first designated as M-14 in 1956 when US 12 was moved to a freeway bypass to the south of town.[93][94] I-94 was first designated by the middle of 1960 along the US 12 freeway,[89][95] and a new BL I-94 designation was created by the middle of the next year. BL I-94 followed M-14 from the Jackson Road interchange to Main Street along Jackson Road and Huron Street. At Main Street, BL I-94 turned along US 23 on Huron Street, Washtenaw Avenue and Carpenter Road back to I-94/US 12.[89][90] The US 23 freeway was finished on November 2, 1962.[96] BL I-94 was rerouted on the east end to follow the new US 23 freeway, returning the Carpenter Road alignment to local control. Bus. US 23 replaced US 23 along Huron Street and Washtenaw Avenue in the city of Ann Arbor at this time.[97] A new M-14 freeway opened on November 16, 1965, removing the M-14 concurrency from the routing.[98][99]
Major intersections
The entire highway is in Washtenaw County.
Location | mi[1] | km | Destinations | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Detroit | Exit 172 on I-94 | ||||
2.275 | 3.661 | Bus. US 23 north | Western end of Bus. US 23 concurrency | ||
Pittsfield Township line | 5.686 | 9.151 | US 23 north – Flint M-17 east – Ypsilanti | Northern end of US 23 concurrency; exit 37 on US 23; western terminus of M-17 | |
Southern end of US 23 concurrency; exit 180 on I-94; exit 35 on US 23 | |||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Port Huron
Location | Port Huron |
---|---|
Length | 8.536 mi[1] (13.737 km) |
Existed | 1986[100][101]–present |
Business Loop Interstate 94 (BL I-94) is an 8+1⁄2-mile-long (13.7 km)
At the intersections with Oak Street (eastbound) and Griswold Street (eastbound),
Before the completion of the freeways in the Port Huron area, the route of the business loop was part of US 25. After the freeway was completed in the area, the former route was redesignated Business US Highway 25 (Bus. US 25) in 1964.[104][105] The US 25 designation was decommissioned in 1973, and the former Bus. US 25 through the area was designated as part of an extended M-25.[106][107] In 1986, the BL I-94 designation was created, and the former BS I-69 was extended with it through downtown Port Huron. At the same time, M-25 was truncated to end on the north side of Port Huron.[100][101]
Major intersections
The entire highway is in St. Clair County.
Location | mi[1] | km | Destinations | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Detroit, Port Huron | Exit 266 on I-94 | ||||
Marysville | 2.604 | 4.191 | M-29 south (Busha Highway) – St. Clair | Northern terminus of M-29 | |
BL I-69 west | Southern end of BL I-69 concurrency | ||||
7.818 | 12.582 | I-94 east / I-69 east – Blue Water Bridge | Part of exit 275 on I-94/I-69 | ||
8.094 | 13.026 | M-25 north (Pine Grove Avenue) | Southern terminus of M-25 | ||
8.536 | 13.737 | BL I-69 east | Northern end of BL I-69 concurrency; western terminus at exit 275 on I-94/I-69 | ||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
See also
- Michigan Highways portal
References
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- ^ Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d Michigan Department of Transportation (2023). Truck Operator's Map (PDF) (Map). c. 1:221,760. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Benton Harbor inset.
- ^ a b c Google (November 29, 2023). "Overview Map of BL I-94 in Benton Harbor–St. Joseph" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
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- ^ Witt, Jeremy (July 22, 2016). "State's Newest Michigan Byway to be Designated on Monday". West Michigan Tourist Association. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ^ Springgate, Jack (November 9, 2022). "New US 31 Route Opens to Warm Receptions". 16 News Now. South Bend, Indiana: WNDU-TV. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- ^ a b Michigan Department of Transportation (2019). Truck Operator's Map (PDF) (Map). c. 1:221,760. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Kalamazoo inset.
- ^ . Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (2019). Truck Operator's Map (PDF) (Map). c. 1:221,760. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Kalamazoo inset.
- ^ Google (April 25, 2019). "Overview Map of BS I-94 in Kalamazoo" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
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- ^ Google (August 2, 2015). "Overview Map of BL I-94 in Battle Creek" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
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- OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
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- ^ Wurfel, Sara & Murray, Dave (December 31, 2014). "Gov. Rick Snyder Signs Bills Focused on Creating Good Government Practices: Also Signs Memorial Highway, 'Pure Michigan Byways' Bills" (Press release). Office of the Governor. Archived from the original on January 3, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
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- ^ . Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
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- ^ Google (August 2, 2015). "Overview Map of BL I-94 in Jackson" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
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- . Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1958)
- . Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
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- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (n.d.). "I-94, Sargent Road Interchange Reconstruction" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ Arend, Kari (October 21, 2012). "Continuous Single-Lane Closure on I-94 at Sargent Road in Jackson to Start Oct. 21" (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ . Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
- ^ . Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
- .
- ^ Google (May 23, 2015). "Overview Map of BL I-94 in Ann Arbor" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
- OCLC 12701120.
- OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- . Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1958)
- .
- OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ OCLC 12701177. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ OCLC 12701177. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- ^ .
- ^ a b Google (May 23, 2015). "Overview Map of BL I-94 in Port Huron" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
- . Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- OCLC 12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- . Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
- . Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
External links
- Geographic data related to BL I-94 in Benton Harbor–St. Joseph at OpenStreetMap
- BL I-94 in Benton Harbor–St. Joseph at Michigan Highways
- Geographic data related to BL I-94 in Kalamazoo at OpenStreetMap
- BL I-94 in Kalamazoo at Michigan Highways
- Geographic data related to BL I-94 in Battle Creek at OpenStreetMap
- BL I-94 in Battle Creek at Michigan Highways
- Geographic data related to BL I-94 in Marshall at OpenStreetMap
- BL I-94 in Marshall at Michigan Highways
- Geographic data related to BL I-94 in Albion at OpenStreetMap
- BL I-94 in Albion at Michigan Highways
- Geographic data related to BL I-94 in Jackson at OpenStreetMap
- BL I-94 in Jackson at Michigan Highways
- Geographic data related to BL I-94 in Ann Arbor at OpenStreetMap
- BL I-94 in Ann Arbor at Michigan Highways
- Geographic data related to BL I-94 in Port Huron at OpenStreetMap
- BL I-94 in Port Huron at Michigan Highways