Carodnia
Carodnia | |
---|---|
Carodnia vieirai | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | †Xenungulata |
Family: | † Carodniidae
|
Genus: | †Carodnia Simpson 1935[1] |
Species | |
| |
Synonyms | |
Ctalecarodnia Simpson 1935 |
Carodnia is an extinct genus of
Carodnia is placed in the order Xenungulata together with Etayoa and Notoetayoa.[4]Carodnia is the largest mammal known from the
Description
Simpson noted that Carodnia resembles the primitive
Carodnia is characterized by bilophodont[explain 1] first and second molars and more complex lophate[explain 1] third molars, which suggests possible links to pyrotheres, uintatheres, and even arctocyonids. The bones of the foot are short and robust and the digits terminate in broad, flat, and unfissured hoof-like unguals, unlike any other known meridiungulate.[7]
C. feruglioi and C. cabrerai, from the
When Simpson 1935 first described Carodnia and Ctalecarodnia, the former was known only from a left lower molar which was lacking in the latter, making a comparison very difficult. Paula Couto 1952, based on considerably more complete remains, concluded that the molars and premolars of both are indistinguishable and therefore reduced Ctalecarodnia to a synonym. Paula Couto also noted that the dentition of C. cabrerai and C. feruglioi are similar except in size, and that C. feruglioi can be a juvenile C. cabrerai, but nevertheless left them as two distinct species.[9]
Distribution
Fossils of Carodnia have been found in:[10]
Itaboraian correlations
Formation | Itaboraí | Las Flores | Koluel Kaike | Maíz Gordo | Muñani | Mogollón | Bogotá | Cerrejón | Mangaorapan (NZ)
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basin | Itaboraí | Golfo San Jorge | Salta | Altiplano Basin | Talara & Tumbes |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense |
Cesar-Ranchería | ||
Country | Brazil | Argentina | Peru | Colombia | |||||
Carodnia | |||||||||
Gashternia | |||||||||
Henricosbornia | |||||||||
Victorlemoinea | |||||||||
Polydolopimorphia | |||||||||
Birds | |||||||||
Reptiles | |||||||||
Fish | |||||||||
Flora | |||||||||
Environments | Alluvial-lacustrine | Alluvial-fluvial | Fluvio-lacustrine | Lacustrine | Fluvial | Fluvio-deltaic | |||
Volcanic | Yes |
Notes
References
- ^ Carodnia in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved May 2013.
- ^ S2CID 15272216.
- ^ a b "Pantodonts, uintatheres and xenungulates: The first large herbivorous mammals". Paleocene Mammals. August 2005. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
- ^ "Xenungulata". Palaeocritti. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
- OCLC 44083494.
- ^ a b c Gingerich 1985, pp. 130–1
- ^ Rose 2006, Xenungulata, p. 238
- ^ Paula Couto 1952, pp. 371–2
- ^ Paula Couto 1952, pp. 372–3
- ^ Carodnia at Fossilworks.org
Bibliography
- Cifelli, Richard (1983). "Eutherian tarsals from the late Paleocene of Brazil". American Museum Novitates (2761). OCLC 10601277.
- Gingerich, Philip D. (1985). "South American Mammals in the Paleocene of North America" (PDF). In Stehli, Francis G.; Webb, S. David (eds.). The Great American Biotic Interchange. Topics in Geobiology. Vol. 4. Springer. pp. 123–137. OCLC 716806225. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
- Rose, Kenneth David (2006). The beginning of the age of mammals. Baltimore: JHU Press. ISBN 978-0801884726.
- Paula Couto, Carlos, de (1952). "Fossil mammals from the beginning of the Cenozoic in Brazil. Condylarthra, Litopterna, Xenungulata, and Astrapotheria". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 99: 355–394. OCLC 18189741.)
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