Catholic priests in public office
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A number of Catholic priests have served in civil office.[1] The Catholic Church
In canon law
Law in particular countries
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Andorra
The
Bolivia
The Constitution of Bolivia prohibits clergy from serving as president.[3]
Costa Rica
The Constitution of Costa Rica prohibits clergy from serving as president.[3]
El Salvador
The Constitution of El Salvador prohibits clergy from serving as president.[3]
Honduras
The Constitution of Honduras prohibits clergy from serving as president.[3]
Mexico
The Constitution of Mexico prohibits clergy from serving as president.[3]
Myanmar
Article 121, section i of the Constitution of Myanmar prohibits a member of a religious order from serving as president.[3][4]
Nicaragua
The Constitution of Nicaragua prohibits clergy from serving as president.[3]
Paraguay
Article 235 of the Constitution of Paraguay prohibits any minister of any religion from serving as the president.
Venezuela
The Constitution of Venezuela prohibits clergy from serving as president.[3]
Examples by country
Austria
Theodor Innitzer, who would become a cardinal and Archbishop of Vienna, served as the Austrian Minister of Social Affairs from 1929 to 1930.
Canada
Three Catholic priests have been elected to the House of Commons of Canada.
Andrew Hogan was the first Catholic priest to serve as a Canadian Member of Parliament. First elected to represent the electoral district of Cape Breton—East Richmond, Nova Scotia, in the 1974 federal election, he was re-elected in 1979 but defeated in 1980. Hogan was a member of the New Democratic Party.
Robert Ogle was elected to the House of Commons in 1979 in the electoral district of Saskatoon East, Saskatchewan. Ogle was re-elected in 1980. He chose not to seek re-election in 1984 as a result of the new ban by the Holy See on clergy in public office. Like Hogan, Ogle was a member of the New Democratic Party.
Raymond Gravel was elected in a 2006 by-election in the electoral district of Repentigny, Quebec. He had received a dispensation from his diocesan bishop to enter politics. Gravel did not seek re-election in the 2008 federal election after Holy See authorities ordered him to choose between politics and the priesthood following controversy over his opposition to anti-abortion Bill C-484 and his support for the Order of Canada nomination of abortion rights activist Henry Morgentaler. Although he chose to leave politics, Gravel maintained that he remained, in accordance with Catholic doctrine, opposed to abortion.[5] Gravel was a member of the nationalist Bloc Québécois.
Czech Republic
Dominican Republic
Fernando Arturo de Meriño, a priest who would later become an archbishop, served as President of the Dominican Republic from 1880 to 1882.
France
Barthélemy Boganda, a priest from Ubangi-Shari (today the Central African Republic), was elected to the French National Assembly in 1946, serving until 1958. He left the priesthood in 1950 and married, and from 1958 to 1959 served as the first Prime Minister of the Central African Republic.
Germany
Ludwig Kaas was a priest of the Weimar Republic. In 1919 he was elected to the Weimar National Assembly and in 1920 was elected to the Reichstag, where he served until 1933.
Libya
For a brief period in 2011 during the
Nicaragua
In the 1970s and 80s, the President of Nicaragua, Daniel Ortega, appointed three priests to his cabinet: Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Fernando Cardenal as Minister of Education, and his brother, Ernesto Cardenal, as Minister of Culture.
Paraguay
In 2005, Fernando Lugo, the Bishop of San Pedro, requested laicization to run for office but it was denied. In 2008, he was elected President of Paraguay, in spite of Article 235 of the Constitution prohibiting any minister of any religion from serving as president. After his election he was laicized. In 2012, he was impeached for unrelated reasons.
Poland
Stanisław Staszic was a philosopher and political activist who served in the government of Congress Poland.
Slovakia and Czechoslovakia
Andrej Hlinka served in the Parliament of Czechoslovakia from 1920 to 1938 and was leader of the Slovak People's Party from 1913 until his death.
From 1939 to 1945, the priest
, he was convicted and hanged for treason that subsumed also war crimes, and crimes against humanity.Solomon Islands
United Kingdom
United States
Possibly the earliest known instance of a Catholic priest serving in public office in the United States was Gabriel Richard. Born in France, he founded the University of Michigan and served as a delegate from Michigan Territory from 1823 to 1825.
Two priests,
List of priests who have held public office
Listed below are the names of the priests, and the countries they served in parentheses.
- Fernando Arturo de Meriño (Dominican Republic)
- Barthélemy Boganda (France, Central African Republic)
- Ernesto Cardenal (Nicaragua)
- Fernando Cardenal (Nicaragua)
- Robert John Cornell (US)
- Robert Drinan (US)
- Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann (Nicaragua, Libya)
- Augustine Geve (Solomon Islands)
- Raymond Gravel (Canada)
- Andrej Hlinka (Czechoslovakia)
- Andrew Hogan (Canada)
- Theodor Innitzer (Austria)
- Ludwig Kaas (Germany)
- Hugo Kołłątaj (Poland)
- Fernando Lugo (Paraguay)
- Robert Ogle (Canada)
- Gabriel Richard (US)
- Ignaz Seipel (Austria)
- Stanisław Staszic (Poland)
- Jozef Tiso (Slovakia)
- Beda Weber (Germany)
- Fulbert Youlou (France, Republic of the Congo)
- Jean-Bertrand Aristide (Haiti)
- Jean-Baptiste Nguyễn Văn Riễn (Vietnam)
- Moses Oshio Adasu (Nigeria)
- Ignazio Panzavecchia (British Malta)
- Enrico Dandria (British Malta)
See also
References
- ^ Kevin Schmiesing. "John A. Ryan, Virgil Michel, and the problem of clerical politics". VLex.com.
- Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "In 30 countries, heads of state must belong to a certain religion". 2014-07-22. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
- ^ "Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
- ^ "Priest MP leaves politics after pressure from Vatican". CBC. 3 September 2008.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
- ^ Davis, Francis (23 April 2009). "The cardinal must not become a peer". The Guardian.
- ^ "Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor turns down peerage following Catholic row". 6 December 2009.
- ^ Martin, Douglas (12 May 2009). "Robert J. Cornell, Priest Who Served as Congressman, Is Dead at 89". obituary. The New York Times.