China–Kyrgyzstan relations
This article needs to be updated.(November 2010) |
China |
Kyrgyzstan |
---|
China–Kyrgyzstan relations are the
History
As of 1996, relations between Kyrgyzstan and China were an area of substantial uncertainty for the government in Bishkek.[1] The free-trade zone in Naryn attracted large numbers of Chinese businesspeople, who came to dominate most of the republic's import and export of small goods.[1] Most of this trade is in barter conducted by ethnic Kyrgyz or Kazakhs who are Chinese citizens.[1] The Kyrgyz government had expressed alarm over the numbers of Chinese who were moving into Naryn and other parts of Kyrgyzstan, but no preventive measures had been taken as of 1996.[1]
Migration
Relations between the two nations are hindered by the fact that China does not want the independence of Kyrgyzstan, a Turkic state, to encourage Turkic inhabitants of China's
Trade
Since the 1990s, trade with China grew enormously.
As of 2019, China is one of the main trade and economic partners of Kyrgyzstan. In 2022, China accounted for 37% of Kyrgyzstan's total trade, far eclipsing other countries.[4] China is also the main bilateral creditor of Kyrgyzstan. Their economic relationship is highly asymmetrical as "[w]hile for China the bilateral projects in Kyrgyzstan are small, they are significant for Kyrgyzstan".[5]
Kyrgyzstan is active in China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), viewing the BRI as an opportunity to increase inbound foreign direct investment, modernize its transportation infrastructure, and build better connections with Europe and China.[6]: 216
Territorial claims
China had historically claimed large tracts of Kyrgyzstan's territory, encompassing almost the whole of the country. According to Chinese historians, in the second half of the 19th century, China's Qing dynasty was forced to enter into a number of unequal treaties in which Kyrgyz lands, particularly the North Kyrgyz lands, were ceded to the Russian Empire in 1863.[7]
After the
Security and military cooperation
The security situation in Kyrgyzstan has been of great concern to China, not only because of the issue over the Uyghurs, but also due to problems with narcotic trafficking.[10] During the 2005 Tulip Revolution China considered developments in Kyrgyzstan so important that they raised the possibility of deploying combat forces.[10]
Kyrgyzstan and China have concluded joint military exercises several times. Kyrgyzstan has participated in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation's series of joint military exercises (titled "Peace Mission") several times, alongside Russia, China, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan. Kyrgyzstan participated in the 2010, 2012, and 2014 exercises. Kyrgyzstan has also participated in the SCO's "anti-terrorist exercises" with China and other SCO countries, doing so first in 2002 and subsequently in 2003, 2006, and 2010.[11]
Kyrgyzstan adheres to the one China principle and supports China's claim of sovereignty over Taiwan.[12]
See also
Further reading
- ISBN 9788498922578.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Martha Brill Olcott. "Central Asian Neighbors". Kyrgyzstan: a country study (Glenn E. Curtis, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (March 1996). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- .
- ^ Sebastien Peyrouse, Economic Aspects of China-Central Asia Rapprochment Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Machine. Central Asia - Caucasus Institute, Silk Road Studies Program. 2007. p.18.
- ^ Gizitdinov, Nariman (6 June 2023). "China Edging Out Russia as Sanctions Redraw Kazakhstan Trade". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
- ^ Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2019) “China’s Belt and Road Initiative through the Lens of Central Asia”, in Fanny M. Cheung and Ying-yi Hong (eds) Regional Connection under the Belt and Road Initiative. The Prospects for Economic and Financial Cooperation. London: Routledge, p. 122.
- ISBN 978-1-03-239508-1.
- ^ "China Kyrgyzstan Relations" (PDF). Hacettepe University Institute of Social Sciences. 30 July 2020.
- OCLC 939553543.
- ^ OCLC 939553543.
- ^ a b China, US, Russia eye Bishkek
- ^ Richard Weitz, Parsing Chinese-Russian Military Exercises, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College (April 2015).
- ^ Michel, Casey (2016-06-21). "Only One China for Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek Rejects Taiwanese NGO". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 2023-03-29.