Cyclamen persicum
Cyclamen persicum | |
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A typical wild form along the green path between Yagur and Nesher, Israel | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Ericales |
Family: | Primulaceae |
Genus: | Cyclamen |
Species: | C. persicum
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Binomial name | |
Cyclamen persicum | |
Synonyms[1] | |
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Cyclamen persicum, the Persian
Description
Cyclamen persicum is a perennial,
Flowers
Flowers bloom from winter to spring (var. persicum) or in autumn (var. autumnale) and have 5 small sepals and 5 upswept petals, usually white to pale pink with a band of deep pink to magenta at the base. Cyclamen carry on individual stems standing flowers that hang down but whose petals are bent strongly upwards. In the species, flowers are sweetly scented, but the scent has been lost in cultivated forms.[2]
Fruit
After pollination, the flower stem curls downwards slightly as the pod develops, but does not coil as in other cyclamens. Plants go dormant in summer. The fruits are capsules, which are sunk into the ground with increasing maturity, by waxing and curling of the stem. The capsules only open when they are in the ground.[3]
Range
The natural range of Cyclamen persicum extends from North Africa across West Asia to Southeast Europe. In particular, the following occurrences are documented: In North Africa, the species is represented in the northern and eastern parts of Algeria and in northern Tunisia. In Western Asia, stocks were confirmed in Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, western Syria and western Turkey. In the eastern part of Greece, the only deposits in Europe could be occupied.
The preferred growing sites include pine forests, oak thickets and open rocky slopes mostly on calcareous soils up to an altitude of 1000 meters. In the summer months, the high temperature and the dryness lead to the death of the aerial plant parts. The plants outlast the dry season in their shallow subterranean tubers. They then drift off again at the beginning of the colder season.[4]
Varieties and forms
There are two natural varieties and several named forms, distinguished by flowering time and predominant petal color.
- C. persicum var. persicum (winter- and spring-flowering — all of range)
- C. persicum var. persicum f. persicum (white to pale pink)
- C. persicum var. persicum f. albidum (pure white)
- C. persicum var. persicum f. roseum (rose-pink)
- C. persicum var. persicum f. puniceum (red to carmine)
- C. persicum var. autumnale (autumn-flowering)
Cultivars
The following is a selection of cultivars. All are
- 'Concerto Apollo'[5]
- 'Halios Bright Fuchsia'[6]
- 'Halios Violet'[7]
- 'Halios White'[8]
- 'Laser Rose'[9]
- 'Laser Salmon with Eye'[10]
- 'Laser Scarlet'[11]
- 'Laser White'[12]
- 'Miracle Deep Rose'[13]
- 'Miracle Scarlet'[14]
- 'Miracle White'[15]
- 'Sierra Fuchsia'[16]
- 'Sierra Light Purple'[17]
- 'Sierra Pink with Eye'[18]
- 'Sierra Scarlet'[19]
- 'Sierra White with Eye'[20]
Uses
This species probably arrived in Paris before its first mention in 1620. Certainly, it has been cultivated since 1731 in France. The start of the variety breeding is dated to the 1860s, starting from England. The different varieties of it were created exclusively by breeding with variants of the wild species. An introgression of other species has not occurred.[21]
Cyclamen persicum has a dark-brown tuberous root which is semi-poisonous. In some cultures, the tubers were used in making soap, as they generate a lather when mixed with water.
Cyclamen are propagated by seeds. Seeds should be very fresh, seeds will not last long. Cyclamen are dark germs, so the seed is covered with soil and set up dark. The best germination temperature is 18 °C (64 °F). The germination period is 20 to 30 days. After germination, the seed boxes are highlighted. With good care, the plants can live to about 20 to 30 years old.[24]
Gallery
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A flowering plant in Nazareth
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A flowering plant in the Eshtaol Forest in Israel
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The autumn-flowering variety (C. persicum var. autumnale) with Sternbergia clusiana in the Golan Heights
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Pollinated flowers of a cultivated specimen of C. persicum, showing stem curling
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Cyclamen persicum in Israel
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In the wild
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At a garden centre
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Rose coloured variety
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Emerging flower
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White flowers
References
- ^ a b c d "Cyclamen persicum Mill.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
- ^ "Cyclamen persicum". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ISBN 0-521 57281-9
- ISBN 0-7134-8760-7.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Concerto Apollo'". Retrieved 28 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Halios Bright Fuchsia'". Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Halios Violet'". Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Halios White'". Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Laser Rose'". Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Laser Salmon with Eye'". Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Laser Scarlet'". Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Laser White'". Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Miracle Deep Rose'". Retrieved 28 October 2022.
- ^ "Cyclamen 'Miracle Scarlet'". RHS. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Miracle White'". Retrieved 28 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Sierra Fuchsia'". Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Sierra Light Purple'". RHS. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Sierra Pink with Eye'". RHS. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Sierra Scarlet'". RHS. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Cyclamen 'Sierra White with Eye'". RHS. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8, pp. 282-283 .
- ^ Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants, the Loeb Classical Library edition, vol. ii, London 1916, p. 263
- ISBN 978-1-57181-832-4)
- ^ Armin Jagel, Marcus Lubienski: Cyclamen persicum - Cyclamen (Primulaceae) and other cyclamen in the garden. Yearbook of the Bochum Botanical Association. Vol. 9, 2018, pp. 195–206
External links
- Cyclamen Society
- "Cyclamen persicum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.