Częstochowa Ghetto

Coordinates: 50°48′45″N 19°07′38″E / 50.8125°N 19.12730°E / 50.8125; 19.12730
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Częstochowa Ghetto
Ghetto in Grodno
Jewish men clearing snow for German troops, Częstochowa Ghetto, Poland c. 1941–1942
Częstochowa
Częstochowa
Częstochowa location in the Holocaust in Poland
LocationCzęstochowa, German-occupied Poland
Incident typeImprisonment, forced labor, starvation
OrganizationsSchutzstaffel (SS)
CampTreblinka extermination camp
Victims48,000 Polish Jews

The Częstochowa Ghetto was a

World War II ghetto set up by Nazi Germany for the purpose of persecution and exploitation of local Jews in the city of Częstochowa during the German occupation of Poland. The approximate number of people confined to the ghetto was around 40,000 at the beginning and in late 1942 at its peak, immediately before mass deportations, 48,000. Most ghetto inmates were delivered by the Holocaust trains to Treblinka extermination camp, where they were murdered. In June 1943, the remaining ghetto inhabitants launched the Częstochowa Ghetto uprising, which was extinguished by the SS after a few days of fighting.[1][2]

Ghetto history

Further information:
Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland

The official order for the creation of the ghetto in Częstochowa was issued on 9 April 1941 by Stadthauptmann Richard Wendler. In addition to Jews from Częstochowa, more Jews were brought in by rail from nearby towns and villages of the Generalgouvernement part of occupied south-western Second Polish Republic, including from Krzepice, Olsztyn, Mstów, Janów, and Przyrów, on top of expellees from Polish lands annexed into the Reich at the beginning of war, mostly from Płock and Łódź. The ghetto inmates were forced to work as slave labour in the armaments industry, a majority of them in the expanded Polish foundry "Metalurgia" located on Krotka Street (which had been taken over by the German manufacturer HASAG, and renamed Hassag-Eisenhütte AG) as well as in other local factories or workshops.[3]

The Nazis began liquidating the ghetto on 22 September 1942 during

Holocaust freight trains – men, women and children – to Treblinka extermination camp: around 40,000 victims in total.[1]

Helena Sitkowska,[4] the Koźmiński family[5] the Klewicki family,[6] and the Sikora family.[7] Jan Brust from Żegota was shot in the first half of 1944 for delivering food to the Jewish inmates of the slave labour facility.[8] Other members of the Brust family in Częstochowa helped to aid and shelter Jews, and after the war received the Righteous award.[9]

The uprising

Those who survived the main thrust of ghetto liquidation (about 5,000–6,000 slave workers and their families) were put in the so-called Small Ghetto for the Hugo Schneider munitions factory. There, 850 Jews were executed. Soon, a clandestine Jewish Fighting Organisation was formed by Mordechaj Zilberberg, Sumek Abramowicz and Heniek Pesak among others. The organization consisted of 300 members.[3]

Częstochowa warning poster about death penalty for leaving the ghetto and aiding Jews, signed by Eberhardt Franke, 1942

When the Germans moved in to liquidate the Small Ghetto on 26 June 1943 the

Buchenwald, the women to Dachau (all perished). However, the much needed foundry camps were revived in the second half of 1944 with around 10,000 new workers sent in from Łódź, Kielce, Radomsk and Skarżysko-Kamienna. On 15 and 16 January 1945, ahead of the Soviet advance, about 3,000 prisoners were sent to Germany; all perished. The remaining 5,200 Jews employed in Częstochowa slave-labor camps were liberated by the Red Army.[2][3]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Częstochowa ghetto.
  • Timeline of Treblinka

Notes and references

  1. ^
    Museum of the History of the Polish Jews  (in English), as well as "Getta Żydowskie," by Gedeon
    ,  (in Polish) and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm  (in English). Accessed July 12, 2011.
  2. ^ a b Shmuel Krakowski (translated from Hebrew by David Fachler) (2010). "Armed Resistance". YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  3. ^
    Museum of the History of Polish Jews. p. 4. Archived from the original
    on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  4. ^ Polscy Sprawiedliwi – Polish Righteous (2015). "The Sitkowski Family". Sprawiedliwy wśród Narodów Świata – tytuł przyznany (Polish Righteous Among the Nations – Titles awarded). Przywracanie Pamięci. Alphabetical listing. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  5. ^ Zuzanna Benesz, Polscy Sprawiedliwi (March 2011). "The Koźmiński Family". Sprawiedliwy wśród Narodów Świata – tytuł przyznany. Przywracanie Pamięci. Alphabetical listing. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  6. ^ Polscy Sprawiedliwi (2016). "The Klewicki Family". Sprawiedliwy wśród Narodów Świata – tytuł przyznany. Przywracanie Pamięci. Alphabetical listing. Archived from the original on 13 June 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  7. ^ Polscy Sprawiedliwi (2016). "The Sikora Family". Sprawiedliwy wśród Narodów Świata – tytuł przyznany. Przywracanie Pamięci. Alphabetical listing. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  8. ISBN 978-0313383915
    .
  9. ^ "Brust". The Righteous Among the Nations Database. Retrieved 24 May 2020.

50°48′45″N 19°07′38″E / 50.8125°N 19.12730°E / 50.8125; 19.12730

External links

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