Ludwig Hahn

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Ludwig Hahn
Born(1908-01-23)23 January 1908
Eitzen, Province of Hanover, German Empire
Died10 November 1986(1986-11-10) (aged 78)
Ammersbek, West Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branch Schutzstaffel
Years of service1933–1945
RankSS-Standartenführer
UnitReich Security Main Office (RSHA)
Commands held
Battles/wars
RelationsJohannes Steinhoff (brother-in-law)

Ludwig Hermann Karl Hahn (23 January 1908 – 10 November 1986) was a

police and security services over the course of his career with the Schutzstaffel
(SS).

As a senior officer of the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police) and Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service) in occupied-Poland, Hahn was directly involved in the liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto (July–September 1942) and the brutal suppression of both the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (April–May 1943) and the Warsaw Uprising (August–October 1944).

During postwar investigations against him, Hahn was imprisoned from July 1960 to July 1961 and December 1965 to December 1967. Between 1972 and 1975, Hahn was the subject of two separate

war crimes prosecutions in Hamburg, West Germany; both related to atrocities that occurred during his service with the SS in Warsaw
. He was ultimately convicted and imprisoned from 1975 to 1983.

Biography

The son of a prosperous farmer of the same name, Hahn was born on 23 January 1908, in the rural town of

Realgymnasium, completing his matriculation exam in 1927. Hahn went on to study financial law at the University of Göttingen where he became a member of the National Socialist German Students' League (NSDStB). In February 1930 he joined both the Nazi Party (NSDAP Nr. 194 463) and the Sturmabteilung (SA), where he would rise to the rank of Scharführer
(Squad Leader).

After successfully defending his

Faculty of Law at the University of Jena, Hahn obtained his doctorate of jurisprudence (Dr. jur.) in July 1932. Afterward, Hahn apprenticed as an assessor in Lüneburg, Naumburg and Weimar. He joined the Schutzstaffel (SS) in April 1933 (SS Nr. 65 823) and was assigned to the 17th SS-Standarte (regiment) in Lüneburg and later transferred to the 26th SS-Standarte in Hamburg
.

Ludwig Hahn (left), with his wife Charlotte, sister of Johannes Steinhoff (center) in occupied Warsaw.

Early Nazi career

In December 1933 Hahn was attached to the

Chairman of the NATO Military Committee from 1971 to 1974. The couple would have four children.[1]

Hahn began his career with the

Frankfurt an der Oder and was subsequently reassigned to Weimar as Chief of the Gestapo (Kriminalkommissar) and Deputy Commander of the Security Police (Stellvertreter der Polizeipräsident). Hahn maintained both positions from April 1937 to August 1939. He was promoted to the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer
(Major) und Kriminalrat in September 1938.

During the build-up to

Silesia and Malopolska
.

World War II

During the

Jewish civilians lost their lives. The town's surviving Jewish population was subsequently expelled into Soviet-occupied eastern Poland
.

Following the dissolution of Einsatzgruppe I, Hahn served as Stadtkommissar (City Commissioner) for the city of Przemyśl (Prömsel) from November–December 1939. Hahn next took over as Commander of the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) for the occupied city of Kraków in January 1940. He also served as chief of the "Police Emergency Court" (Standgericht) at Montelupich Prison. In this capacity Hahn was instrumental in the implementation of the German AB-Aktion in Poland.

In August 1940, Hahn was transferred to

SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant Colonel) and returned to his diplomatic post in Slovakia.[2]

Warsaw

SS and Police Leader Franz Kutschera
, 2 February 1944

In August 1941, Hahn returned to occupied-Poland and was appointed Commander of the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) for the city of Warsaw. His headquarters was housed in the former offices of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education. As Commander of the SiPo and the SD, Hahn would oversee a force of approximately 2,000 individuals; including a staff of 500-600 SS security personnel, as well as around 1,000 Polish police auxiliaries and several guard companies composed mostly of Ukrainian and Cossack collaborators.

During his tenure, Hahn was directly involved in the planning and implementation of the

Treblinka. This was the single deadliest action taken against the Jews in the course of the Holocaust in occupied-Poland
.

As a deputy officer to

hostages in reprisal for the assassination of SS and Police Leader Franz Kutschera by members of the Polish Resistance. In April 1944, he was promoted to the rank of SS-Standartenführer (Colonel) und Kriminaldirektor. Hahn would also receive the further title of Oberst der Polizei
.

During the August–October 1944

Polish Home Army, Hahn served with the Waffen-SS, leading a battalion of 700 men in the southern districts of the city and later in the downtown area. He also personally commanded the defense of Warsaw’s heavily fortified government district. Acting on instructions from Himmler, Hahn ordered the mass-killing of Polish civilians in retaliation for the rebellion. An estimated 5 to 10 thousand men, women and children were shot by the SS, mainly in the ruins of the former General Inspectorate of the Armed Forces. Following the capitulation of the uprising, Hahn supervised the deployment of the Verbrennungskommando (Cremation Details); groups of Polish prisoners forced to work clearing bodies and debris from the city's streets. Hahn was awarded the Iron Cross, 1st Class
for his service during the uprising.

Later service with the SS

In November 1944, Hahn departed Warsaw and returned to

Higher SS and Police Leader for the Elbe
.

Hahn was next appointed Commander of the SiPo and the SD for the city of

Hessisch-Oldendorf to escape the Allied advance. He was taken prisoner by the British Army
on 12 April 1945 but successfully escaped from custody shortly afterward.

Postwar life

Hahn remained in Germany after 1945 and went into hiding in

salesman with the textile company of Scharpenack & Teschenmacher. He resumed using his real name in 1949. At a denazification hearing in 1950, Hahn's wife Charlotte falsely claimed to British authorities that her husband had been taken prisoner by the Russians and deported to the Soviet Union, prompting the British Army
to close its ongoing war crimes investigation of him.

Afterward, Hahn would go on to pursue a successful postwar career as an insurance broker in West Germany. In 1951 his father-in-law arranged for him to take a position as Deputy Director for Organizational Matters with the Hanover branch of Karlsruher Lebensversicherung A.G. He rose to the office of Branch Manager in 1955. Hahn and his family relocated to Hamburg in 1958 where he had been hired as head of the life insurance division of Hans Rudolf Schmidt & Co. GmbH. The family settled in a comfortable home in the borough of Bahrenfeld.

Trials and convictions

Hahn (left) and SS-Rottenführer Thomas Wippenbeck during their trial in Hamburg, 1972

Hahn's identity was uncovered by journalists in 1960. Following an inquiry by the Central Office of the State Justice Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes, Hahn was arrested by the West German federal police for his suspected involvement in the destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto. He was held by West German investigators for a year, however no charges were brought against him due to insufficient evidence and he was released in July 1961. Hahn was arrested a second time in December 1965 and held in pre-trial detention for two years, but was ultimately released again, owing to his poor health. After his release, Hahn briefly worked for the Hamburg branch of Investors Overseas Service. He retired in 1967.

It was not until May 1972 that Hahn was successfully charged with war crimes by the

appeal of the verdict. After a two-year review of the trial and the evidence, Hahn's appeal was rejected by the West German judiciary
and he entered prison in March 1975.

During the appeals process, Hahn was also on trial in a different

Treblinka. The proceedings opened in October 1974, and Hahn was once more found guilty. On 4 July 1975, he was given a further sentence of life imprisonment. Suffering from cancer, Hahn was granted early release from prison in September 1983. He died in Ammersbek on 10 November 1986.[3]

Summary of SS career

Dates of rank

Awards and decorations

References

  1. ^ a b c Josef Wulf, Das Dritte Reich und seine Vollstrecker – Die Liquidation von 500.000 Juden im Ghetto Warschau, Berlin 1961, p. 290
  2. ^ Jacek Andrzej Młynarczyk, "Vom Massenmörder zum Lebensversicherer. Dr. Ludwig Hahn und die Mühlen der deutschen Justiz", Andrej Angrick, Klaus-Michael Mallmann (eds.), Die Gestapo nach 1945. Karrieren, Konflikte, Konstruktionen, Darmstadt 2009, p. 136
  3. ^ Dan Kurzman, The Bravest Battle: The Twenty-eight Days Of The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Da Capo Press, 2009, p. 346

External links

  • Media related to Ludwig Hahn at Wikimedia Commons
  • "Bis zum letzten". Der Spiegel (in German). No. 1. 1973. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
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