Direction, position, or indication sign

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An example of a British direction sign on the approach to a roundabout.
Directional road signs in Luxembourg
Road sign on M39 south of Tashkent, showing destinations as far away as Hamburg (Gamburg) and Karachi

A direction sign, more fully defined as a direction, position, or indication sign by the

informative signs group. Direction signs are far more varied internationally than other classes of sign, as the Vienna Convention does not specify sizes, colours, symbols or positions of such signs.[1]

Direction signs are the oldest type of road sign;

motor car
at the turn of the 20th century that modern direction signs evolved, with fewer words and clear design allowing them to be read at speed.

History

Pre-automobile

A Prussian milestone c. 1836, reading "II MEILEN BIS BERLIN" ("two miles to Berlin").

The first direction signs were

Roman miles to nearby major cities, and usually to the capitals of major provinces. As most Roman roads diverged from Rome, one of the numbers was usually the distance to the Milliarium Aureum, a large golden milestone in the centre of Rome, although sometimes other stones, such as the London Stone, were used in places where measuring distances from Rome was impossible or not useful.[2]

The use of milestones continued following the decline of the Roman Empire. However, as trading between towns and regions increased, milestones were found to be inconvenient for giving directions at

Turnpike Roads Act 1773
was passed, making signposting compulsory to allow the riders to judge their speed and prevent them from becoming lost. Similar signs were developed in other countries and remained in use until the early-20th century, when development of the motor car made the small and often wordy signs impractical.

A British fingerpost of the style used before modernisation.

Modernisation

An overhead sign showing the way to Kuwait City

Most early direction signs were based on the traditional styles in use in area; the United Kingdom used adapted, cast iron fingerposts for signing directions,[3] while the United States adopted an ad hoc scheme based on traditional trail markings. These proved unwieldy, and modernisation efforts quickly sprang up to change them. However, the changes faced opposition, both from traditionalists who preferred the style or charm of older signs, and from businesses along affected routes, which feared that standardised direction signs would favour the new highways, causing rural routes to fade into obscurity.[4]

The advent of

sans serif typefaces and diagrams indicating lanes and sliproads ahead were developed. The British Worboys Committee (established in 1963) went even further, creating signs with detailed diagrams of junction layouts. Such signs have now been in use almost unchanged for over half a century.[6]

Design

The Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals divides the direction, position, or indication sign category into direction signs, which are only those giving distances or directions to a given location; road identification signs (also known as "reassurance signs"), which repeat the name or number of the road, and place identification signs, which give the name of a landmark, such as a town, river or border. Unlike the other classes of sign, direction signs remain broadly undefined by the convention; the only restrictions given are that direction signs must be either a rectangle or an arrow shaped pentagon, and that they may not contain placenames in more than two languages. Additionally, direction signs on motorways must be blue or green, while temporary direction signs are yellow or orange.[1]

As a result, different nations can have wildly different direction signs; the United States uses verbose green gantry signs almost universally in built up areas, with few diagrams beyond basic arrows,

rest stops, or, in Australia and Ontario, that the road is a tollway.[7]
Road signs in Israel and the Palestinian territories are of similar design to North American signage, but vary in color depending on whether the sign indicates direction for through traffic, exiting traffic, etc.

Direction signs can also be used in conjunction with other types of sign: for example, in the United Kingdom, if a warning or prohibitory sign appears on a direction sign, it means that the route indicated by the sign contains the hazard or prohibition sign posted.[8]

Evacuation routes

A volcano evacuation route; to be followed in case of an eruption of lahar.

Some areas have special

disasters
. The signs point to routes either to safety or to less danger.

Evacuation signs are common in areas where there is a high risk of dangers such as flash

hurricane and storm surge. For example, along the Japanese shorelines, the tsunami warning signs are linked with a network of warning sirens, typically at the top of the cliff of surroundings hills.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals (PDF). United Nations Economic and Social Council. 6 June 1978. pp. 44–46. Retrieved 2007-09-14.
  2. ^ a b Smith, William (1875). "Milliare". A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. John Murray.
  3. ^ a b c "Traditional Direction Signs". Department for Transport. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-14. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
  4. ISBN 0-7864-0822-7
    .
  5. ISBN 0-8135-2691-4
    .
  6. ^ "From War to Worboys". CBRD. Archived from the original on 2007-10-27. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
  7. ^ a b Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices 2003 edition
  8. ^
    Highway Code
  9. ISSN 0037-4237
    .

External links
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