Dollar vans in the New York metropolitan area

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A dollar van in Union City, New Jersey

In the New York metropolitan area, dollar vans are a form of semi-formal public transportation. Dollar vans serve major corridors in Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx that lack adequate subway and bus service. A variant of the dollar van, the jitney, also serves areas in eastern New Jersey and transports them to Manhattan.

Within the New York City area, the term "dollar van" originates from the vans which charged one dollar during the 1980 New York City transit strike. Drivers capitalized on the lack of transportation available and subsequently needed throughout the city. Today, dollar vans can still be seen across multiple boroughs. However, prices now typically range from two to six dollars per fare. Often, dollar vans serve what are known as transit deserts, areas that are made up of poor modes of travel and often have many gaps in their transit systems. These "transit deserts" result from a lack of service from MTA Regional Bus Operations routes, or the removal of such service.

Traditionally, the operation of dollar vans has been by immigrants who bring their own culture stateside. Usually Caribbean and Haitian immigrants operate in eastern Queens and Brooklyn, while Chinese immigrants operate within New York City's Chinatowns. Often, drivers modify their vans to add additional amenities, usually inspired from one's culture. The dollar vans have numerous benefits in that they can transport passengers efficiently, and provide a sense of community to the ethnic groups that use them. However, dollar vans also provide competition to licensed drivers, which cannot pick up passengers at MTA bus stops, and are generally more flexible in operations. While permits are available via application through New York City's government, intense licensing requirements and an especially high cost of insurance results in many drivers staying unlicensed and unregulated.[1]

Operations

Dollar vans started operating after the 1980 New York City transit strike, when all transit operated by New York City Transit Authority was stopped. Residents of transit-deprived parts of New York City started a share taxi service with minibuses and their own private vehicles. The fare on each of these share taxis was one dollar. Even after the strike ended, share taxis continued to operate, evolving into higher-capacity "dollar vans" with seats for up to 13 people.[2] During the 2005 New York City transit strike, dollar vans were also used.[3][4]

Dollar vans and other jitneys mainly serve low-income, immigrant communities in

Command Bus Company strike or the December 2005 transit strike, dollar vans may become the only feasible method of transportation for many commuters. In such situations, city governments may pass legislation to deter price gouging.[5] However, many such vans are low-priced anyway, often cheaper than the subway or bus.[2]

In New Jersey, 6,500 jitney buses are registered, and are required to have an "Omnibus" license plate, which denotes the vehicle's federal registration. They are also required to undergo inspection by the state

MVC mobile inspection team on the vehicles' companies' property twice a year, and be subject to surprise inspection. Drivers of jitneys are required to qualify for a Class B or Class C Commercial Drivers License (CDL), depending on whether the vehicle seats up to 15 or 30 passengers. Violations against a driver's CDL must be resolved and result in payment of fines prior to resumption of driving on the driver's part, with retesting required if the driver waits longer than three years to resolve the issues.[6]

The New York City-area dollar van system is highly used, and in 2011, it was rated the 20th most used "bus system" in the United States.

Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC).[8]

Areas served

Chinese-operated dollar vans (which are distinct from, and not to be confused with, Chinatown bus lines), go from Manhattan's Chinatown to places in Sunset Park, Brooklyn; Elmhurst, Queens; and Flushing, Queens. There is also a service from Flushing to Sunset Park that does not pass through Manhattan. At $2.50, a ride on Chinatown dollar vans is usually cheaper than on the subway and bus systems. The vans, which are mostly in the Chinese language, are used mainly by non-English-speaking Chinese immigrants in Queens and Brooklyn, who have moved to the outer boroughs because living in Manhattan is too expensive. The dollar vans, which take about half as long to travel as the subway does between the same two points, allow Chinese communities in New York City to be closely connected to each other.[2][7] Some Chinese vans may make stops at places pre-arranged by the customer.[9]

In central Brooklyn, there are many dollar vans that are operated mainly by

Flatbush, East Flatbush, and Prospect Lefferts Gardens, usually cost $2 a fare. They pick up passengers at pre-designated stops, which are sometimes at bus stops.[10] They also provide alternatives to bus routes such as the B41 and B46.[11]

In

Q85 to Green Acres Mall.[11][2]

When the MTA discontinued some bus routes on June 27, 2010, operators of commuter vans were allowed to take over certain discontinued bus routes.

B71 in Brooklyn.[13]

In

Bx16 bus stopped serving Edenwald Avenue.[2]

Denser urban areas of

GWB Plaza in Fort Lee.[17] These interstate vans are under the purview of the federal government.[2]

Criticism

Travelers cite safety, comfort, reliability and cost as factors in choosing larger bus service over jitneys. Hudson County commuters who prefer

North Bergen Patrol Commander Lt. James Somers has contended that jitneys are less safe, and sometimes exhibit higher levels of aggressive driving in order to pick up passengers, which has led to arguments among drivers. Somers also stated that police can only stop a vehicle that appears to have an obvious problem, and that only certified inspectors from the state MVC can stop a vehicle for less apparent, more serious problems.[6]

Dollar vans may change ownership over the course of decades, and the mostly immigrant drivers are subject to police searches. Between 1994 and 2015, the TLC issued 418 van licenses, although the vast majority of vans are unlicensed. Licensed vans cannot pick up at New York City bus stops, and all pick-ups must be predetermined and all passengers logged. Additionally, in the 1980s and 1990s, the predominantly black and mostly immigrant dollar van drivers stated that they were harassed "day and night" by the New York City Police Department (NYPD), with some van drivers having their keys confiscated and thrown away by NYPD officers.[2]

Regulation

In 2006, the New York City Council began debate on greater industry regulation, including requiring all dollar vans to be painted in a specific color to make them easier to recognize, similar to the public light buses in Hong Kong.[19][20]

Over the course of the 2000s, surprise inspections in Hudson County have been imposed on jitney operators, whose lack of regulation, licensing or regular scheduling has been cited as the cause for numerous fines. A series of such inspections of the vans on Bergenline Avenue in June 2010 resulted in 285 citation violations, including problems involving brake lights,

exhaust pipes, and emergency doors welded shut. An early July 2010 surprise inspection by the Hudson County Prosecutor's Office, which receives federal funding for regulating jitneys, found 23 out of 33 jitneys to be unsafe, which were taken out of service.[6][21] Claims have also been made that jitneys cause congestion and undermine licensed bus service.[22] Drivers of these vans have also developed a reputation for ignoring traffic laws in the course of competing for fares, picking up and dropping off passengers at random locations, and driving recklessly.[18]

In 2012, four Chinatown vans were seized for carrying too many passengers over the legal limit of 19.[9] In 2014, over 1,000 dollar vans were seized by TLC and NYPD inspectors for illegal dollar van operations. However, most vans were returned to their owners within relatively short periods of time.[23]

On July 30, 2013, an accident occurred at 56th Street and

Hudson County Sheriff Frank Schillari, noted that problems with jitneys existed since the 1980s, and called for stricter regulations for drivers and bus companies. This included increased monitoring and enforcement, and heightened participation by the public in identifying poor drivers,[27] as jitneys had been exempt from regulations imposed on buses and other forms of transportation.[28]
In February 2014, Governor Chris Christie signed Angelie's Law, which strengthens regulations on commuter buses.[29][30]

See also

References

  1. doi:10.7916/d8w959rp
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  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Reiss, Aaron. "New York's Shadow Transit". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  3. ^ Henderson, Christopher (December 22, 2005). "Crowds Overrun LIRR Station While Traffic Crawls In Jamaica" Archived 2018-01-26 at the Wayback Machine. Queens Chronicle
  4. ^ Joiner, Bryan (January 20, 2005). "Long Stalemate Expected After Union Quits Strike Negotiations" Archived 2018-03-16 at the Wayback Machine. Queens Chronicle.
  5. ^ Richardson, Lynda (December 12, 1999). "As Transit Strike Looms, 'Dollar Vans' and Ferries Are Poised to Cash In". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  6. ^
    The Union City Reporter
    . pp. 1 and 9
  7. ^ a b Margonelli, Lisa (October 5, 2011). "The (Illegal) Private Bus System That Works". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 8, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  8. ^ Holmes, David (July 8, 2014). "Anti-Uber: The quiet disruption of NYC dollar vans". Pando. Archived from the original on August 3, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  9. ^ a b "The Brief Wondrous Life of the One Dollar Bus". Flushing Exceptionalism. August 19, 2012. Archived from the original on May 28, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  10. ^ Romeo, Speedy (December 6, 2012). "A hail of a ride: A BK dollar van map". Brokelyn. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  11. ^ a b c Santos, Fernanda (June 9, 2010). "Licensed and Illegal Vans Fight It Out". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  12. ^ Chow, Lisa (June 25, 2010). "Up from Underground: Demand Drives Dollar Van Industry". wnyc.org. New York, NY: WNYC. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  13. ^ Bernstein, Andrea (July 5, 2010). "Commuter Vans Authorized to Run on Discontinued Bus Routes" Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine. WNYC-FM.
  14. ^ "Minutes of the Meeting Of the Historic New Bridge Landing Park Commission". March 6, 2008
  15. The Bergen Record
    .
  16. ^ "Best Things to do in Secaucus NJ New Jersey" Archived 2016-08-11 at the Wayback Machine Hotel Planner; Accessed August 7, 2010
  17. ^ "Hudson County Bus Circulation and Infrastructure Study"[permanent dead link]. HudsonCountyNJ.org. Prepared for Hudson County Division of Planning. June 2007. Accessed August 7, 2010 (PDF file)
  18. ^ a b c Semple, Kirk (August 13, 2013). "New Jersey Jitney Drivers Squeezed Between Competition and Demands for More Safety". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  19. ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (March 30, 2006). "New Yorkers May Soon Be Able to Tell A Van, as They Do a Cab, by Its Color". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  20. ^ Wohlwend, Lynn (April 6, 2006). "Council Eyes Color Coding To Make 'Dollar Vans' Safer" Archived 2018-07-26 at the Wayback Machine. Queens Chronicle.
  21. ^ Hague, Jim (May 13, 2007). "Erratic driving, lack of licensing: Prosecutor's Office cracks down on commuter vans". The Hudson Reporter
  22. ^ "Hudson County Master Plan: Chapter IV: Circulation Plan". HudsonCountyNJ.org. Accessed August 7, 2010
  23. ^ Kern-Jedrychowska, Ewa (September 23, 2014). "1,000 'Dollar Vans' Seized Since Last Year, But Most Return to Street". DNAinfo New York. Archived from the original on October 9, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  24. ^ a b Haydon, Tom (June 22, 2016). "Bus driver charged in crash that killed infant breaks down at trial" Archived 2016-06-23 at the Wayback Machine. NJ.com
  25. ^ "Family Devastated After Death Of Infant In West New York Bus Crash". CBS News. July 31, 2013. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  26. NorthJersey.com
    .
  27. ^ a b Passantino, Joseph (August 11, 2013). "Never again, legislators say" Archived 2016-08-09 at the Wayback Machine. The Hudson Reporter.
  28. ^ "Parents of infant killed in jitney accident sue driver, owner". "Briefs". The Union City Reporter. March 9, 2014. pp. 4 and 5.
  29. ^ "N.J. Pols Introduce 'Angelie's Law' Targeting Distracted Commuter Van Drivers". CBS New York. January 30, 2014. Archived from the original on September 20, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  30. ^ Conte, Michaelangelo (March 5, 2014). "'Angelie's Law' makes jitney victim a hero because of lives that will be saved". NJ.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2015.

External links

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