Early life and work of Clint Eastwood

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A 1993 photograph of Clint Eastwood This article is part of
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Clint Eastwood

Clint Eastwood was born on May 31, 1930, in San Francisco, California, to Clinton Eastwood Sr. and Margret[1] Ruth (née Runner).

Early life

Eastwood was unusually large at birth, weighing 11 lb 6 oz (5.16 kg), and was nicknamed "

Dutch, German, through Laufer (Runner) line, and Irish ancestry.[5] The elder of two siblings, he has a younger sister, Jeanne Bernhardt, born in 1934. His father worked as a salesman and briefly as a detective in San Francisco, according to U.S. Census records,[6][7] and at different jobs in California during the 1930s.[8] In 1940, the Eastwoods settled in Piedmont, California and did not move again until after Clint reached adulthood.[9] Eastwood often drops references to the Great Depression in interviews, implying that he comes from a poor family, but according to Sondra Locke, "actually they were never poor, they lived in a very wealthy part of town, had a swimming pool, belonged to the country club, and each drove his own car."[10]

Oakland Technical High School

Eastwood was a weak student and records indicate he had to attend summer school.

Piedmont Junior High School due to poor academic scores, and later attended Piedmont High School from January 1945 to at least January 1946. Despite his athletic and musical talents, Eastwood shunned school teams and the band.[9] He was told he would make a good basketball player, but he was interested in individual pursuits like tennis and golf, a passion he retains today.[9] He transferred to Oakland Technical High School, where the drama teachers encouraged him to take part in school plays, but he was not interested. According to Eastwood, all he had on his mind were "fast cars and easy women".[11][12] He took auto mechanic courses and studied aircraft maintenance, rebuilding both aircraft and car engines.[12] Eastwood also became a pianist; according to a friend, he "would actually play the piano until his fingers were bleeding".[12] He was scheduled to graduate in January 1949 as a midyear graduate, although it is not clear if he ever did.[13] Fritz Manes, a boyhood friend two years younger than Eastwood, said "I think what happened is he just went off and started having a good time. I just don't think he finished high school."[13]

By early 1949 his father moved to a plant in

Red Cross course,[16] and played ragtime piano at a bar in Oakland.[citation needed
]

Military service

In March 1951, Eastwood was drafted by the United States Army and assigned to Fort Ord in California, where he was appointed as a lifeguard and projectionist of training films.[17] Don Loomis recalled hearing that Eastwood was romancing one of the daughters of a Fort Ord officer, who might have been entreated to watch out for him when names came up for postings.[18] To supplement his $67 a month salary he held a part-time job on a loading dock for the Spreckels Sugar Refining Company. He visited Carmel for the first time and remarked "someday I'd like to live here".[19]

On 30 September 1951, while returning from a prearranged tryst with a girlfriend in Seattle,

Point Reyes Peninsula near San Francisco.[21][22] The aircraft had departed from Sand Point Naval Air Station in Seattle, bound for northern California.[n 1] During the flight, the rear door would not stay closed, the oxygen system proved inoperable, and the navigation systems and intercom failed. Eventually, during the late afternoon, the plane ran out of fuel and the pilot was forced to ditch the aircraft in the sea several miles off Point Reyes.[n 2] Both Eastwood and the pilot, Lt. Francis Coleman Anderson (who went missing in action on January 29, 1953) were uninjured and Eastwood was able to swim to shore using a life raft.[23] After some difficulty getting onto the beach, Eastwood made his way past Abbotts Lagoon and over a high fence towards a bright light that was nearer to him than Point Reyes Lighthouse. This turned out to be the KPH RCA receiving station.[21] The single operator at the station initially had trouble understanding Eastwood's explanation of the plane crash, but ultimately called the Coast Guard. He was taken to a "Coast Guard Station" (probably the Point Reyes Lifeboat Station) and reunited with the pilot, who had drifted further north. Eastwood later reflected on his thoughts during the crash, "I thought I might die. But then I thought, other people have made it through these things before. I kept my eyes on the lights on shore and kept swimming."[24][21] In 2018, a project was begun to locate the submerged wreck of the plane.[25][26]

During his military service Eastwood became friends with future successful TV actors

Beverly Hills by day (into which he then moved) and worked at a Signal Oil gas station by night.[29][30] In May 1953, Eastwood met 22-year-old secretary Margaret Neville Johnson on a blind date, after which he continued to see other women, including a fellow member of a small theater company in Seattle, during his annual summer gig lifeguarding at Kennydale Beach Park.[31] Despite the overlapping entanglement, he married Johnson shortly before Christmas 1953 in South Pasadena;[29][32] at the time of their wedding, Eastwood's other girlfriend in Seattle was about seven months pregnant. This unidentified woman gave birth to Laurie Alison Eastwood Warren Murray on February 11, 1954, in Renton, Washington, and placed the infant for adoption.[33][34] After concluding his part-time work, he briefly attended Los Angeles City College and held several jobs digging foundations for residential swimming pools,[30] which he continued in between his early films.[35]

Early work

Becoming an actor

According to the CBS press release for Rawhide,

Adam's Apple, very laconic and slow speechwise."[41] According to Eastwood's biographer, Patrick McGilligan, the new trainee was not naturally disposed to being a leading man, and he lacked creative imagination in improvisation; McGilligan further observed that although Eastwood had a sense of humor and was successful with women off screen, he did not project those qualities in his early acting.[41]

Universal Studios: Training and development

In May 1954, Eastwood made his first real audition, trying out for a part in

The Creature from the Black Lagoon which had been released just months earlier.[42] Eastwood played the role of Jennings, a white-coated lab technician who assists the doctor (John Agar) in researching "Animal Psychology". He blames a cat for killing one of the lab rats, but discovers he misplaced it in his pocket. His scene was shot in one day, July 30, 1954, on Stage No. 16 at the Universal lot, although much of the rest of the film was shot at Marineland south of St. Augustine, Florida.[43]

Following this, Eastwood and his wife moved into an apartment at Villa Sands at 4040 Arch Drive off Ventura Boulevard to be closer to the Universal lot, also occupied by fellow Universal actresses Gia Scala and Lili Kardell.[44] It also gave Eastwood an opportunity to continue his swimming as it had notable swimming facilities, and the apartment block became a venue for many swimsuit photo shoots, including a memorable one of Anita Ekberg in a leopard skin bikini.[44] In 1954, he agreed to play the part of a scarecrow in the annual Christmas musical for children of employees of Universal studio.[45] Meanwhile, Eastwood was coached by Jess Kimmel and Jack Kosslyn, and UCLA professor, Dr. Daniel Vandraegen who specialized in correcting bad speech. Eastwood had an early tendency to speak almost in a sibilant whisper and was advised to project his voice. These traits never fully went away, but actually worked in his favor in his later films, especially as the Man with No Name in which he often hissed his lines through clenched teeth.[45] Although Clint was self-conscious on camera, he demonstrated a strength in displaying anger onscreen, and in one improvised scene during training with Betty Jane Howarth, it left her in tears.[46]

At this time, Eastwood was likened to Gary Cooper and he resembled a tall, rangy version of James Dean with his high forehead and unruly quiff.[47] Eastwood was a great admirer of Dean and his rebel image.[47] However, one day he was introduced to James Dean at Lili Kardell's apartment and Dean showed little enthusiasm, prompting Eastwood to yank him to his feet and snort, "Goddamn it, fellow, stand up when I speak to you", although he was apparently kidding.[47] Eastwood also met Charlton Heston for the first time at a gym, mistaking him for Chuck Connors.[48]

In September 1955, Eastwood worked for three weeks on Arthur Lubin's

Malpaso Company, Eastwood rejected him.[53]

On the recommendation of Betty Jane Howarth, Eastwood soon joined new publicity representatives, the Marsh Agency, who had represented actors such as

Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders. He would also play a pilot in another of Lubin's productions, Escapade in Japan and would make several TV appearances under Lubin even into the early 1960s.[54] As Eastwood grew in success, he never spoke to Lubin again until 1992, shortly after winning his Oscar for Unforgiven, when Eastwood promised a lunch that never happened.[54]

Without the contract of Lubin in the meantime, however, Eastwood was struggling.[54] He was advised by Irving Leonard financially and under his influence changed talent agencies in rapid succession, the Kumin-Olenick Agency in 1956, and Mitchell Gertz in 1957. He landed a small role as temperamental army officer for a segment of ABC's Reader's Digest series, broadcast in January 1956, and later that year, a motorcycle gang member on a Highway Patrol episode.[54] In 1957, Eastwood played a cadet who becomes involved in a skiing search and rescue in the 'White Fury' installment of the

West Point series. He also appeared in an episode of the prime time series Wagon Train and a suicidal gold prospector in Death Valley Days.[55] In 1958 he played a Navy lieutenant in a segment of Navy Log and in early 1959 made a notable guest appearance as a cowardly villain, intent on marrying a rich girl for money, in Maverick.[55]

During this period, Eastwood applied for assorted day jobs, dug pools and began working out hard in the gym.[55] He attended further acting classes held by Jack Kosslyn whose students also included people like Nick Adams, Irish McCalla, Jamie Farr and Jeanne Baird and other developing actors. Eastwood also displayed an early toughness in real life when on one evening Eastwood, his wife, Floyd Simmons and another couple had gone to dinner at Trader Vic's and were threatened at gunpoint before entering the restaurant by a gang of Latin thugs. Although his friends turned to flee, Clint stood his ground and growled, "Go on and pull that trigger, you little son of a bitch, and I'll kill you before I hit the ground".[56] The thugs ran off.[56] On another occasion, Clint and friend Fritz Manes were at a bar on Highland Avenue where Clint's long, wavy hair caught the attention of a group of sailors who taunted him and called him a "Hollywood faggot".[56] One of them landed a punch to Eastwood's face, but Eastwood surprised them, putting two of the men in hospital and injuring the others.[57]

Eastwood was credited for his roles in several more films. He expressed interest in auditioning for the film The Spirit of St. Louis, a Billy Wilder biopic about aviator Charles Lindbergh. He was rejected and the role in the end went to James Stewart who just put on makeup to make him look younger. He did however have a small part as an aviator in the War film Lafayette Escadrille, and played an ex-renegade in the Confederacy in Ambush at Cimarron Pass, his biggest screen role to date opposite Scott Brady. His part was shot in nine days for Regal Films Inc. Out of frustration, he dismissed the film as "probably the lousiest Western ever made", and said, "It was sooo bad. I just kept sinking lower and lower in my seat and just wanted to quit".[58] Around the time the film was released Eastwood described himself as feeling "really depressed" and regards it as the lowest point in his career.[58] He seriously considered quitting the acting profession and returning to school to start doing something with his life.[58]

Rawhide (1959–1965)

Floyd Simmons recommended that Eastwood sign with his agent Bill Shiffrin, who informed Clint that CBS were casting an hour-long Western series, urging him to attend the studio. There he met up with

William Wellman western, The Ox-Bow Incident.[60] A week later, Shiffrin rang Eastwood and informed him he had won the part of Rowdy Yates in Rawhide. He had successfully beaten competition such as Bing Russell and had got the break he had been looking for.[60]

Filming began in Arizona in the summer of 1958. His rivalry onscreen with Eric Fleming's character, Gil Favor, was reportedly initially echoed offscreen between the two actors. However, Eastwood has denied that the two ever had a scuffle and especially after Fleming's death by drowning in Peru some years later, has revealed he had much respect for his co-star.[61] The writer, Charles Marquis Warren, however, described Eastwood's co-star as, "a miserable human being, not only a lousy performer but a colossal egotist".[62] Although Eastwood was finally pleased with the direction of his career, he was not especially happy with the nature of his Rowdy Yates character. At this time, Eastwood was 30, and Rowdy was too young and too cloddish for Clint to feel comfortable with the part. Although boyishness was a key element in his casting, Eastwood disliked the juvenile overtones of the character and privately described Yates as "the idiot of the plains"[63] According to co-star Paul Brinegar, who played Wishbone, Eastwood was, "very unhappy about playing a teenager type".[64]

Eastwood soon ended his contract with Bill Shiffrin and hired Lester Salkow as his talent agent between 1961 and 1963. In regards to his contracts though, it was Irving Leonard and the attorney

Beverly Glen, a modest hillside ranch. His first interview with TV Guide for Rawhide came in August 1959 in which they concentrated on his physical fitness, taking photographs of him doing pushups at home as Eastwood advised readers to keep in shape, warned against carbohydrates and recommended skipping beverages loaded with sugar and eating plenty of fruit and vegetables and vitamins.[67]

It took just three weeks for Rawhide to reach the top 20 in the TV ratings and soon rescheduled the timeslot half an hour earlier from 7.30 -8.30 pm every Friday, guaranteeing more of a family audience.

Emmy stature, Rawhide earned critical acclaim and won an American Heritage Award as the best Western series on TV and it was nominated several times for best episode by the Writer's and Director's Guilds.[68] However, the quality of the storylines in each episode ranged dramatically from the brutal and subjects such as gypsy curses to predictable, silly comedy.[68] Eastwood during this period received some criticism and was considered too laid back by some directors who believed he relied on his looks and just didn't work hard enough.[69] Gene Fowler Jr. described Clint as "lackadaisical" in his attitude, whilst one of the series' most prolific crewmen, Tommy Carr described him as, "lazy, and would cost you a morning. I never started a day with Clint Eastwood in the first scene, because you knew he was gonna be late, at least a half hour or an hour."[69] Laziness, ironically, would later work in his favor and attract the attention of Italian director Sergio Leone and launch Eastwood's successful career in film. Karen Sharpe, an actress, explained the laziness might have been because of his womanizing and would often disappear into his trailer with a lady friend (despite being married) and after having sex, he'd be too tired to do his afternoon scenes.[69] Although Eastwood did demonstrate growing abilities as an actor, developing an ability to demonstrate surprising authority and balancing humor with emotional nuance, he was not much noticed for his acting abilities at the time.[70]

Despite his busy schedule, soon after singing "A Drover's Life" on Rawhide and later "Beyond the Sun", Eastwood would have a strong desire to pursue his major passion, music. Although jazz was his main interest, he was also a country and western enthusiast.[71] He went into the studio and by late 1959 had produced the album Cowboy Favorites which was released on the Cameo label.[71] The album included some classics such as Bob Wills's San Antonio Rose and Cole Porter's Don't Fence Me In and despite his attempts to plug the album by going on a tour, it never reached the Billboard Hot 100.[71] Later in 1963, Cameo producer Kal Mann would bluntly tell him that "he would never make it big as a singer".[72] Nevertheless, during the off season of filming Rawhide, Eastwood and Brinegar, sometimes joined by Sheb Wooley would go on touring rodeos, state fairs and festivals and in 1962 their act entitled Amusement Business Cavalcade of Fairs earned them as much as $15,000 a performance.[72] Brinegar also accompanied Eastwood on his first trip outside the country in early 1962 to Japan to increase their publicity, leaving his wife at home.

By the third season of Rawhide, the Hollywood press began to speculate on Eastwood tiring of the series and that he was anxious to move on. A July 1961 article by Hank Grant in

Mr Ed poking fun at himself as a neighbor of Mr. Ed in an episode directed by his old mentor Arthur Lubin and the western comedy series Maverick, in which he fought James Garner in the "Duel at Sundown" episode. Although Rawhide continued to attract notable actors such as Lon Chaney Jr., Mary Astor, Ralph Bellamy, Burgess Meredith, Dean Martin and Barbara Stanwyck, by late 1963 Rawhide was beginning to decline in popularity and lacked freshness in the script.[74]
In regards to the character of Rowdy Yates, he had evolved to upstage that of Gil Favor and became increasingly tough like him, not a trait in which his character had begun. Rawhide would last until 1966, but a change of direction in Eastwood's career would occur in late 1963.

Notes

  1. Alameda Naval Air Station near Oakland. Zmijewsky says it was Mather Air Force Base at Sacramento. The Navy's accident report says it was San Diego, with a stop at McClellan Air Force Base
    in Sacramento.
  2. ^ Accounts of the crash location also differ slightly. Schickel says "they could see the cliffs at Point Reyes, three or four miles away". Zmijewsky says it was north of Drake's Bay and two miles offshore. The Navy's accident report indicates that it was west of Kehoe Beach.

References

  1. ^ Margret R Runner birth registration
  2. ^ Schickel 1996, p. 21.
  3. ^ guardian.co.uk Gentle man Clint, November 2, 2008.
  4. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 22
  5. ISBN 0-8166-1958-1
    .
  6. ^ adherents.com The Religious Affiliation of actor/director Clint Eastwood.
  7. ^ Zmijewsky, p. 13
  8. ^ CBS Evening News interview, February 6, 2005.
  9. ^ a b c d McGilligan (1999), p. 34
  10. ISBN 978-0-688-15462-2
    .
  11. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 35
  12. ^ a b c McGilligan (1999), p. 37
  13. ^ a b McGilligan (1999), p. 40
  14. ^ McGilligan (1999), p.41
  15. ISBN 0-8230-7744-6
    .
  16. ^ McGilligan (1999), p.43
  17. ^ Eliot, p. 23
  18. ^ McGilligan, p. 49
  19. ^ McGilligan (1999), pp. 48–49
  20. ^ McGilligan (1999), pp. 49
  21. ^ a b c Schickel 1996, pp. 51–55.
  22. ^ "Accident Report: AD-1Q BU#409283 Eastwood". U.S. Navy. 1951.
  23. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 50
  24. ^ Zmijewsky (1982), p. 16
  25. ^ Prado, Mark (April 19, 2018). "Clint Eastwood's downed plane off Point Reyes subject of search". marinij.com. Marin Independent Journal. Retrieved April 21, 2018. (includes text reprint of its original October 1, 1951 newspaper report on the incident)
  26. ^ Holm, Walt. "The Hunt for Clint Eastwood's AD-1 Skyraider". openexplorer.nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  27. ^ Schickel 1996, p. 50.
  28. ^ McGilligan (1999), p.54
  29. ^ a b McGilligan (1999), p. 55
  30. ^ a b Zmijewsky (1982), p. 17
  31. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 54
  32. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 56
  33. ^ "Clint Eastwood Is Extremely Close With His Kids! Meet the ‘Gran Torino’ Star’s 8 Children". Closer. May 2, 2022.
  34. ^ Clint Eastwood's 8 Children: Everything to Know
  35. ^ Zmijewsky (1982), p. 19
  36. ^ a b c d McGilligan (1999), p. 52
  37. ^ a b c McGilligan (1999), p. 60
  38. ^ a b McGilligan (1999), p.84
  39. ^ McGilligan (1999), p.61
  40. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 62
  41. ^ a b c d McGilligan (1999), p. 63
  42. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 64
  43. ISBN 978-1-4396-4072-2
    .
  44. ^ a b McGilligan (1999), pp. 65–66
  45. ^ a b McGilligan (1999), p. 72
  46. ^ McGilligan (1999), p.77
  47. ^ a b c McGilligan (1999), p. 73
  48. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 78
  49. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 79
  50. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 80
  51. ^ a b McGilligan (1999), p. 81
  52. ^ McGilligan (1999), p.86
  53. ^ McGilligan (1999), pp. 82–3
  54. ^ a b c d e McGilligan (1999), p. 85
  55. ^ a b c McGilligan (1999), p. 87
  56. ^ a b c McGilligan (1999), p. 90
  57. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 91
  58. ^ a b c McGilligan (1999), p. 93
  59. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 94
  60. ^ a b McGilligan (1999), p. 95
  61. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 100
  62. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 101
  63. ^ Reader's Digest Australia: RD Face to Face: Clint Eastwood Archived July 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  64. ^ McGilligan (1999), p.102
  65. ^ McGilligan (1999), p.104
  66. ^ McGilligan (1999), p.105
  67. ^ McGilligan (1999), p.108
  68. ^ a b c d e McGilligan (1999), p. 110
  69. ^ a b c McGilligan (1999), p. 111
  70. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 113
  71. ^ a b c McGilligan (1999), p. 114
  72. ^ a b McGilligan (1999), p. 115
  73. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 124
  74. ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 125

Bibliography

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