East Palo Alto, California

Coordinates: 37°28′1″N 122°8′23″W / 37.46694°N 122.13972°W / 37.46694; -122.13972
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

East Palo Alto, California
City
Welcome to East Palo Alto sign on University Avenue in East Palo Alto.
Welcome to East Palo Alto sign on University Avenue in East Palo Alto.
FIPS code
06-20956
GNIS feature ID1658461
Websitewww.cityofepa.org

East Palo Alto (

ZIP codes
.

In 1990, 43% of East Palo Alto's residents were

Tongan, Samoan and Fijian origin.[9][10]

The prosperity that benefited Silicon Valley during the dot-com boom of the late 1990s largely bypassed East Palo Alto. The Ravenswood City School District, which serves East Palo Alto and part of adjoining Menlo Park, has struggled with low academic performance.[11] Eventually, however, the Peninsula's shortage of land and soaring property prices meant that East Palo Alto became an option for urban regeneration.

East Palo Alto includes a small piece of land southwest of the

Four Seasons hotel
opened in University Circle in 2006.

Over 25% of East Palo Alto (400+ acres) has been bulldozed and replaced with brand new housing and brand-name retail establishments since approximately 1997,[6] attracting an entirely new demographic.[15] The University Square community has become particularly appealing to young high-tech professionals and high-income couples, including many employees from Google, Facebook, Sun Microsystems, Yahoo!, and various other software and startup companies.[16]

History

Cooley Landing, the location of Isaiah Churchill Woods' failed city of Ravenswood
An aerial image of East Palo Alto, looking southeast towards Mountain View, California

The

right-of-way.[17]

A map of the San Francisco Bay coastline including hills, streams, and roads and showing the communities from left to right of San Jose, Santa Clara, Alviso, Mezesville, San Francisco
1851 map of a planned railroad between San Francisco and San Jose. Note Ravenswood, an earlier name of the Cooley Landing part of East Palo Alto, about midway on the coast.

From the 1850s through the 1940s, the area which was to become East Palo Alto went through many changes. In 1849, Isaiah Churchill Woods (1825–1880) attempted to make the area around what is now Cooley Landing in the northeast of the current city a major shipping town and named the area Ravenswood. In 1868, after Woods' investments failed he sold the wharf to Lester Phillip Cooley (1837–1882), who leased the land to the brick factory Hunter and Schakleford.[18] When the brick factory left the landing in 1884, the land around the landing was reverted to a ranch.[18]

With the outbreak of World War I, the north side of East Palo Alto became a military training ground, of which only the Veterans Administration Hospital in Menlo Park still exists (now as part of the VA Sierra Pacific Network). In the 1940s, East Palo Alto was a farming community with many Japanese residents. During the war, the Japanese were forced out, many to relocation centers, and did not return after the war.

In the 1950s the farms were built over with cheap housing and many African-American families moved in, the result of redlining housing policies.[19][20] In particular, in 1954 the then-president of the California Real Estate Association, Floyd Lowe, implemented a strategy that turned a neighborhood on the East side of Palo Alto from predominantly white to predominantly black in a very short amount of time.[21] He did this by "blockbusting," which is a strategy that was employed all over the country to similar results.[19] Blockbusting involves instilling panic in white neighborhoods by warning of a "Negro invasion" when a black family considers purchasing a house in an area, in order to produce white flight and an ensuing drop in property values, which can then be purchased at a heavy discount and sold or rented to African Americans for a profit. In 1954, Lowe alerted the neighborhood that a "Negro invasion" was imminent, and as intended, white flight ensued. Lowe profited due to the low prices at which the white families fleeing were willing to sell their homes, and within a few years, the demographics of the area had flipped. As white-owned businesses fled the area, it became poorer and overcrowded – a legacy that has persisted. This segregationist act was never questioned by the government, and it led to many of the demographic and socioeconomic differences that exist between Palo Alto and East Palo Alto today.[19]

These differences in demographics and wealth perversely accelerated with the introduction of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, which banned redlining.[22] Home prices doubled by 1979, and many of the more educated and upwardly mobile African Americans took advantage of their newfound freedom to move into wealthier communities with more amenities, leaving the remaining community even poorer and with less access to home ownership than had been the case before the Act.[22]

During the civil rights movement of the 1960s there was a renewed interest in African history, one expression of which was a fad for Swahili. In 1968 the area was almost renamed Nairobi, after the center of the Swahili-speaking area, to reflect the population's African roots.[17][4] Critics of the change pointed out that Nairobi was the capital of Kenya, in East Africa, and had little to do with the cultural roots of most black Americans. In the end, the change was not made.

The East Palo Alto Municipal Building (2017), contains City Hall and the library.

Historically East Palo Alto had relatively little shopping and business compared to surrounding areas, and most of it constituted an unincorporated "island" within San Mateo County, depending on county government for services and on the San Mateo County Sheriff for police protection and ineligible for many revenue benefits requiring city status. After several years of pro-incorporation campaigning by local community groups, including Barbara A. Mouton and East Palo Alto's Senior Citizen Center president Ruth I. Myers, 1982 ballot measure that was stopped by a lawsuit, and a subsequent election the next year, East Palo Alto became a city on July 1, 1983,[23][24] with Barbara A. Mouton as its first Mayor. However, because of subsequent legal challenges to the last ballot measure, it was not until 1987 that the city was officially recognized as such. The legal challenges were led by former U.S. Congress member Pete McCloskey, who represented one of the real-estate brokers whose original blockbusting campaign had turned EPA into a mostly black town.[citation needed] The final tally was 1,777 for and 1,764 against, a margin of 13 votes and a majority of 50.2%.[4]

In the 1980s, large numbers of

Hispanics moved into East Palo Alto and by 1990, the city had lost its Black majority population which declined from 60 percent in 1980 to 41.5 percent in 1990 while the Hispanic population increased from 14 percent to 36 percent.[25]

Significant gentrification occurred in East Palo Alto from around the founding of Facebook, with the construction of a large shopping center named Ravenswood 101 and several upscale housing communities intended for high-earning Silicon Valley workers.[citation needed] This development faced opposition from some residents, who charged that it priced locals out of one of the region's only affordable communities while providing only low-paying retail jobs and consuming disproportionate land area (2.2 square miles). Supporters pointed to an increased tax base.

In 2008, after twenty years without a supermarket, East Palo Alto individuals and organizations established the East Palo Alto Community Farmers' Market.[26] In November 2009, the Mi Pueblo Food Center grocery store opened in the Ravenswood 101 shopping center in the location of the former Circuit City store. Mi Pueblo was the city's first full-service supermarket in 23 years.[27]

Starting in 2006, a large real estate investor, Page Mill Properties, purchased almost the entire west side of East Palo Alto and contested most of the city's rent control laws in what some claimed was a 'predatory equity scheme'.[28] Page Mill left East Palo Alto in the fall of 2009 after defaulting on a $240-million bank loan.[29]

In 1992, the city had the country's highest per-capita murder rate, with 42 murders for 25,000 residents.[30] In 2023, the city had no murders, the first time in its history.[31]

Geography

East Palo Alto is located in San Mateo County.[32] Despite its name, it lies almost entirely north, and not east of Palo Alto. It is bordered on the west by Menlo Park, to the south by Palo Alto, and to the east by the San Francisco Bay. The San Francisquito Creek defines its southern edge. To the north are Ravenswood Point and the western end of the Dumbarton Bridge in Menlo Park.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2), of which 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (4.11%) is water.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
197018,727—
198018,191−2.9%
199023,45128.9%
200029,50625.8%
201028,155−4.6%
202030,0346.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[33][failed verification] 2020[3]

2020 census

East Palo Alto Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)[34][9][10]
Race Pop 2000 Pop 2010 Pop 2020 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White
(NH) 		1,930 1,754 2,305 6.5% 6.23% 7.67%
Black or African American
(NH) 		6,641 4,458 3,190 22.5% 15.83% 10.62%
Alaska Native
(NH) 		66 30 24 0.2% 0.11% 0.08%
Asian (NH) 621 1,025 1,567 2.1% 3.64% 5.22%
Pacific Islander (NH) 2,223 2,083 2,008 7.5% 7.40% 6.69%
Some Other Race (NH) 67 49 138 0.2% 0.17% 0.46%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 612 609 838 2.1% 2.16% 2.79%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 17,346 18,147 19,964 58.8% 64.45% 66.47%
Total 29,506 28,155 30,034 100.00% 100.00%

2010

The

Puerto Rican, 23 (0.1%) are Cuban
, and 2,736 (9.7%) are other Hispanic or Latino.

The Census reported that 28,001 people (99.5% of the population) lived in households, 150 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 6,940 households, out of which 3,767 (54.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,144 (45.3%) were

families
(76.1% of all households); the average family size was 4.38.

The population was spread out, with 8,976 people (31.9%) under the age of 18, 3,487 people (12.4%) aged 18 to 24, 8,897 people (31.6%) aged 25 to 44, 5,120 people (18.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,675 people (5.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.

There were 7,819 housing units at an average density of 2,992.9/sq mi (1,155.6/km2), of which 2,971 (42.8%) were owner-occupied, and 3,969 (57.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 13.3%. 12,628 people (44.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 15,373 people (54.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

As of the

Mandarin, other Indo-European
1.4%, and other language 1.3%, as their first language from estimate census 2009.

There were 7,104 households, of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 6.24 and the average family size was 7.65.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 47.1% under the age of 18, 19.5% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 11.1% from 45 to 64, and 3.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.9 males.

The

poverty line
, including 20.1% of those under age 18 and 14.7% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Top employers

According to the city's 2021

Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,[37]
the city's top employers were:

# Employer # of Employees % of Total Employment
1 Amazon Web Services 1,300 8.97%
2 Ravenswood City School District 325 2.24%
3 Ikea 250 1.72%
4
Home Depot
 240 1.66%
5 Ravenswood Family Health Center 231 1.59%
6 DLA Piper LLP 168 1.16%
7 City of East Palo Alto 118 0.81%
8 Target 118 0.81%
9 Four Seasons Hotel - Silicon Valley 89 0.61%
10 Eastside College Preparatory School 62 0.43%

The total city employment for the year ended June 30, 2021 was 14,500, and the total city employment for 2014 was 13,800.[37]

Parks and recreation

The local area around the

California clapper rail
is known to be present in the western bridge terminus area.

The Baylands Nature Preserve[38] borders the city of East Palo Alto. The long trail along the marshland connects Mountain View, Palo Alto, and East Palo and it is used by bike commuters every day.

Government

In the

the 13th Senate District, represented by Democrat Josh Becker, and in the 21st Assembly District, represented by Democrat Diane Papan, as of January 2024.[39]

In the United States House of Representatives, East Palo Alto is in California's 15th congressional district, represented by Democrat Kevin Mullin, as of January 2024.[40]

The terms of Mayor and Vice Mayor are for one year and expire at the first meeting in December. As of January 2024, 29-year-old Antonio Lopez is the mayor.[41]

Education

San Francisquito Creek (2018) in East Palo Alto
Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge in East Palo Alto

Primary and secondary schools

The Ravenswood City School District has its headquarters in East Palo Alto.[89]

The schools in the city are Costaño School of the Arts,[90] Belle Haven Elementary,[91] Los Robles-Ronald McNair Academy,[92] and Cesar Chavez Ravenswood Middle School.[93]

The Sequoia Union High School District operates the zoned high schools in the area. Between 1958 and 1976 East Palo Alto had its own high school, Ravenswood High School. After the school was closed because of low enrollment, the building was demolished in 1995 to make room for the Gateway 101 Shopping Center.[94] Following the closure of Ravenswood High School, East Palo Alto's high school students were bused out of the city to other schools in the region, primarily Carlmont High School in Belmont. Some have called for re-opening Ravenswood High School in a new location in East Palo Alto.[95][96]

In 2014, the Sequoia Union High School District discontinued the practice of busing. Today, East Palo Alto residents are zoned to

Eastside College Preparatory, which opened in 1996.[23]

Every year, parents of incoming minority children in kindergarten through grade 2 can enter a lottery (if there are more requests than the 135 slots available) to send their children to neighboring school districts under the Tinsley Voluntary Transfer Program.

Public libraries

San Mateo County Libraries operates the East Palo Alto Library, located in the municipal building at 2415 University Avenue.[100]

Media

The

African-American weekly newspaper serving East Palo Alto.[101][102] Other local news publishings included the newspaper, East Palo Alto Today; former newspaper, The Peninsula Bulletin; and the magazine, El Ravenswood.[103]

Transportation

Alameda County, which lies to the east across San Francisco Bay, and carries State Route 84
into East Palo Alto toward U.S. 101.

Public transportation is provided by SamTrans.

Notable residents

Main page: Category:People from East Palo Alto, California

References

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