Eparchaean Unconformity

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Coordinates: 13°41′00″N 79°21′00″E / 13.6833°N 79.35°E / 13.6833; 79.35
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Tirupati Eparchaean Unconformity
Geological monument
Location in India
Location in India
Coordinates: 13°41′00″N 79°21′00″E / 13.6833°N 79.35°E / 13.6833; 79.35
LocationTirupati, India
Websitewww.gsi.gov.in

Tirupati Eparchaean Unconformity, a notified

Tirupati – Tirumala Ghat road in Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh, India.[4][5]

In 2001, the

Ma.[5]

At this location, the boundary is between sedimentary rocks of the

dykes that are more than 2100 million years old. This unconformity gives an indication of the enormous time gap in the creation of the Earth's crust.[5]

Topography

The geological monument is located in the Tirupati valley, which is bounded between (13°30′00″N 79°22′30″E / 13.50°N 79.375°E / 13.50; 79.375) and (13°27′N 79°45′E / 13.45°N 79.75°E / 13.45; 79.75). The basin is delimited between the

Tirupati Temple, the most famous pilgrimage centre in South India is in the midst of the range of hills. The hills enclose the temple town to give it a form of an amphitheatre setting.[6]

Geology

Plaque gives brief details of Eparchaen Unconformity

The Tirupati hills are situated at the foot of a range of hills known by several names, including 'Seshachala', 'Venkatachala' and 'Balaji'. There are four geological units:

(1) Archaean rocks of the eastern Dharwar Craton (the granites and gneisses)
(2) the Eparchean unconformity (Quartzose sandstones overlying the granite with a distinct unconformity)
(3) Puranas (a general name for Proterozoic sedimentary sequences found in a series of basins deposited on the Indian Shield; including the Cuddapah Basin)[7]
(4) Quaternary deposits

The Tirumala hills essentially of

shales, which are referred to as the Nagari quartzites, which forms part of the Cuddapah Supergroup. It is a subset of the Purana rock succession that rests above the archaean rocks.[5][6][8]

The hill ranges of the Tirumala rise to a height of 900 metres (3,000 ft) (at Tirumala) from the average height of 150 metres (490 ft) in the plains at Tirupati. The steep scarp of the ranges shows the Eparchian Unconformity's topographic, structural and denudational features.[5][9] The sedimentary thickness of the Cudappah basin is of the order of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi), and includes

peninsular gneissic complex is noted. Rocks of the Cuddapah Supergroup, and the overlying Kurnool Group, comprise the stratigraphic sequence of the basin. This feature is contiguous all along the defined Archaean-Cuddapah contact zone even though its age may vary along its traced path.[5][10]

Access

The location of the Geological Monument is well connected by road, rail and air routes. The nearest railhead to Tirumala hills is

Tirupati. The geological monument is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of Tirupati town, at the 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) point on the Tirupati – Tirumala Ghat road. From Tirupati railway station the approach to the Tirumala temple is only by road, a distance of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi).[5][11]
The nearest airport is located at
Hyderabad and Bangalore airports. Regular bus services (both private and government) are operated by all the states bordering Andhra Pradesh.[4][5][12]

Gallery

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eparchaean Unconformity.
  1. ^ "National Geological Monument, from Geological Survey of India website". Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  2. ^ Geo-Heritage Sites, Minister of Mines Press release, 09-March-2016
  3. ^ national geo-heritage of India Archived 11 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine, INTACH
  4. ^ a b "Eparchaean Unconformity, Tirumala Ghat section". Geological Survey of India. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Geological Monuments of India. Geological Survey of India. 2001. pp. 5–8, 95. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  6. ^ a b "Early hunter - Gatherers adaptations in the Tirupati valley by Jacob S. Java Raj, pages 5-12, 112". Sri Venkateswara University T1rupati. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
  7. ^ Balasubrahmanyan, M.N. 2006. Geology and tectonics of India: an overview, Memoir No.9, International Association for Gondwana Research
  8. ^ The Tirumala Temple by N. Ramesan. Tirumala Tirupati Davasthanams, 1981. 1981. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
  9. ^ "Eparchian Unconformity at Tirumalai – A Study by K.V.Suraynarayana" (PDF). Venkateshwara University, Tirupati. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
  10. ^ "General information, Southern Region, Broad Geological features". Department of Atomic energy Atomic Minerals directorate for exploration and research GOI. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
  11. ^ "Silathoranam". Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
  12. ^ "must see India". Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
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