Mangifera indica
Mangifera indica | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Sapindales |
Family: | Anacardiaceae |
Genus: | Mangifera |
Species: | M. indica
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Binomial name | |
Mangifera indica | |
Synonyms[2] | |
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Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, is a species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae.[3] It is a large fruit tree, capable of growing to a height of 30 metres (100 feet). There are two distinct genetic populations in modern mangoes – the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type".
Description
It is a large green tree, valued mainly for its fruits, both green and ripe.
Red-yellow flowers appear at the end of winter, and also at the beginning of spring. Both male and female flowers are borne on same tree.
The
Chemistry
Mangiferin (a pharmacologically active hydroxylated xanthone C-glycoside) is extracted from mango at high concentrations from the young leaves (172 g/kg), bark (107 g/kg), and from old leaves (94 g/kg).[10] Allergenic urushiols are present in the fruit peel.[11]
Taxonomy
Mangoes are believed to have originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. M. indica were domesticated separately in South Asia and Southeast Asia over centuries, resulting in two distinct genetic populations in modern mangoes – the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type".[3][12][13]
The species was first described by Linnaeus in 1753.[14]
Distribution and habitat
Since their domestication in southeastern Asia, mangoes have been introduced to other warm regions of the world.[3][12][13]
The tree grows best in well-drained sandy loam; it does not grow well in heavy wet soils. The optimal pH of the soil should be between 5.2 and 7.5.[4]
Cultivation
Toxicity
Urushiols in the fruit peel can trigger contact dermatitis in sensitised individuals.[11] This reaction is more likely to occur in people who have been exposed to other plants from the family Anacardiaceae, such as poison oak and poison ivy, which are widespread in the United States.[11]
The wood is known to produce phenolic substances that can cause contact dermatitis.[15]
Uses
The tree is more known for its fruit rather than for its timber. However, mango trees can be converted to lumber once their fruit-bearing lifespan has finished. The wood is susceptible to damage from fungi and insects.[16] The wood is used for musical instruments such as ukuleles,[16] plywood and low-cost furniture.[17]
Culture
The mango is the
Gallery
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Young mango tree
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Mature mango tree
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Tree with unripe fruits
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Mango flowers
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Baby mangoes
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Typical South Asian mangoes
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Typical Southeast Asian mangoes
References
- . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Mangifera". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Morton, Julia F. (1987). "Mango (Mangifera indica L.)". In: Fruits of Warm Climates; New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University. pp. 221–239. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ^ a b Flowers of India
- ^ "USDA Plant guide, Mangifera indica L." (PDF).
- )
- ^ Flowering of mango
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ^ SEA Hand Book 2009, Solvent Extractors' Association Of India
- PMID 18558692.
- ^ a b c Urushiol CASRN: 53237-59-5 TOXNET (Toxicology Data Network) NLM (NIH). Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ PMID 28473837.
- ^ PMID 30730057.
- ^ "Mangifera indica". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved October 8, 2009.
- ISBN 0824718933.
- ^ a b "Mango". The Wood Database. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
- ^ "Economic importance of Mangifera indica". Green Clean Guide. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
- ^ "Mango tree, national tree". 15 November 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
Further reading
- Litz, Richard E. (ed. 2009). The Mango: Botany, Production and Uses (2nd edition). CABI. ISBN 978-1-84593-489-7.
External links
- Media related to Mangifera indica at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Mangifera indica at Wikispecies
- Mango at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
- Crop of the Day: Mango, Mangifera indica has a list of helpful resources about this species.