Flag of Myanmar
Proportion | 2:3[1] |
---|---|
Adopted | 21 October 2010 |
Design | A horizontal triband of yellow, green and red; charged with a large white five-pointed star at the centre. |
The State Flag of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar was adopted on 21 October 2010.[2]
Current flag since 2010
The State Flag
Unlike the previous 1974 State Flag Law, the 2010 Union Flag Law includes the definition of the flag. The current flag is a horizontal tricolour flag of yellow, green, and red charged with a five-pointed white star in the centre of the field. The background is a yellow, green, and red tricolor, meant to honour the tricolours used during the independence struggle. The yellow represents unity, conformity, wisdom, happiness, and unity of all national races amicably. The green symbolises fertility, conformity, fairness, and being a peaceful, pleasant, and green nation. The red represents bravery and decisiveness. The white star stands for purity, honesty, fullness of compassion, and power.[1][5]
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State Flag of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, in use since 21 October 2010.
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Detailed construction sheet.
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Specifications of the flag.
Scheme | Yellow | Green | Red | White |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pantone | 116 | 361 | 1788 | Safe |
RGB | 254-203-0 | 52-178-51 | 234-40-57 | 255-255-255 |
Hexadecimal | #FECB00 | #34B233 | #EA2839 | #FFFFFF |
CMYK | 0, 20, 100, 0 | 76, 0, 100, 0 | 0, 98, 82, 0 | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
Obsolete flags (1948–2010)
The two flags used by the country immediately before the 2010 flag both originated in the Burmese Resistance, which adopted a red flag with a white star when fighting the occupying Japanese forces during World War II.
1948 flag
The National Flag of the Union of Burma was designed by Maung Win and adopted by the Constituent Assembly of the Union of Burma in August 1947.
Colours scheme | Blue | Red | White |
---|---|---|---|
RGB | 32-66-161 | 218-45-28 | 255-255-255 |
Hexadecimal | #2042A1 | #DA2D1C | #FFFFFF |
CMYK | 80, 59, 0, 37 | 0, 79, 87, 15 | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
1974 flag
The State Flag
The 14-star flag was hung upside down during the
Colours scheme | Blue | Red | White |
---|---|---|---|
RGB | 32-66-161 | 218-45-28 | 255-255-255 |
Hexadecimal | #2042A1 | #DA2D1C | #FFFFFF |
CMYK | 80, 59, 0, 37 | 0, 79, 87, 15 | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
Vertical style
Current flag
When hanging or depicting vertically, the yellow must be on left and the star must point to left.
Obsolete flags
1948 flag
When hanging or depicting vertically, the blue canton must be in the upper hoist, and the stars in the canton must point to the left.
Influence of pre-independence anti-colonial flags
The Tricolours
In 1930, the
In these tricolours, the color yellow symbolizes the Sasana (
The Resistance Flag
In 1945, when the Burma National Army changed sides and fought together with local resistance forces against the Japanese. A new flag, with a red field charged with a white star in the upper hoist, was adopted as the "Resistance Flag."[7]
Influences
The tricolours and the resistance flag have been depicted as "national flags" together with the pre-colonial and post-independence national flags.[21][22][23][24] The resistance flag is referred and honoured by the 1948–1974 flag,[7] while all the tricolours are referred and honoured by the current flag.[1][5]
Proposals
1947 proposals
In 1947, the Constituent Assembly of the Union of Burma formed a preparatory committee for State flag, State seal and State anthem. That committee held a flag design contest, and the flag designed by Maung Win won the first prize.[6] There was a dispute at the committee's meeting in August 1947 whether or not the peacock should be added further to the proposed State flag; but after long discussions, the committee decided that the peacock should be rejected.[8]
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Flag designed by Maung Win, which won the first prize at the flag design contest (1947)
2006–2007 proposals
A new design for the national flag was proposed on 10 November 2006 during a
In September 2007, another new design was proposed with a larger white star in the middle and with the stripes in a different order, namely: yellow, green, and red.[25] The proposal was a version of Burmese Tricolour with the white star.
The flag proposed in September 2007 was included in the
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2006 proposal
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2007 proposal
Former 2019 proposals
Two years before the 2021 coup, the ruling National League for Democracy (NLD) proposed a series of constitutional amendments in July 2019, including one to change the national flag. Four political parties, the NLD, SNLD, ZCD and NUP proposed four new designs for the flag.[26] The NLD proposed changing the national flag as they do not believe that the flag adopted in 2010 has the full support of the people of Myanmar.[27] Their proposed flag was based on the flag adopted by the country at independence and consisted of a red field with a blue canton in the upper hoist. Within the blue canton is a large white star representing the union which is surrounded by 14 smaller white stars representing the states and regions of the country. [28]
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The NLD's proposal
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The SNLD's proposal
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The ZCD's proposal
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The NUP's proposal
Historical flags before 1948
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British Burma (1886 – 1942 ; 1945 – 4 January 1948[34])
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Colonial flag ofBritish Burma (6 February 1939 – 30 March 1941;[35]1945 – 3 January 1948)
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Provisional colonial flag ofBritish Burma (30 March 1941 – 1942)[35]
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Provisional flag of Japanese Military Administration of Burma (1942–1943)
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State flag of the State of Burma (1 August 1943[35] – 1945)
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Stylized variant design of the flag of the State of Burma (1943–1945)
Ensigns
Gallery
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Flag of Myanmar flown on the Presidential Palace, Naypyidaw
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Flag of Myanmar flown at Bayint Naung Statue Garden Park in Kawthaung.
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The flag of Myanmar flown alongside the flag of Tanintharyi Region on 1199 Mountain Peak in Kawthaung.
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Barack Obama addressing the Burmese public during a speech at the University of Yangon on 19 November 2012. The vertical version of the Union Flag was depicted on the wall behind.
See also
References
- ^ a b c နိုင်ငံတော်အလံဥပဒေ [The Union Flag Law] (law, 5(a)) (in Burmese and English). State Peace and Development Council. 2010.
- ^ a b "Prime Minister attends hoisting of State Flag of Republic of the Union of Myanmar" (PDF). The Global New Light of Myanmar. News and Periodical Enterprise, Ministry of Information, Union of Myanmar. 22 October 2010.
- ^ Article 437 (a), Chapter XIII, Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, (2008)
- ^ a b Birsel, Robert (21 October 2010). "Myanmar gets new flag, official name, anthem". Reuters. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ^ a b မြန်မာဖတ်စာ ဒုတိယတန်း (Grade-3) [Myanmar Textbook for Second Standard (Grade-3)] (in Burmese). Ministry of Education, Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. 2011. p. 1.
- ^ a b နန်းညွန့်ဆွေ (September 2013). သုံးရောင်ခြယ်နှင့် စစ်တွင်းခေတ် လွတ်လပ်ရေးကြိုးပမ်းမှုစာစု (in Burmese).
- ^ a b c d e ဗိုလ်အေးမောင် (1955). နိုင်ငံတော်အလံနှင့်နေ့ထူးများ THE NATIONAL FLAG AND THE SIGNIFICANT DAYS OF THE UNION OF BURMA (in Burmese). Rangoon: Burma Translation Society.
- ^ a b "ပြည်ထောင်စု သမတမြန်မာငံနိုင် အလံတော်". ဖဆပလ သတင်းစဉ်. 9 August 1947.
- ^ Myanmar (Burma): former flags. Fotw.net. Retrieved on 27 May 2011. Archived 29 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b မောင်အုန်းဖေ (May 2004). ဒီဟာအစ ဒီလိုဗျ.
- ^ Article 191, Chapter XIV, Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, 1974
- ^ မြန်မာ့ စွယ်စုံကျမ်း [Burmese Encyclopedia] (in Burmese). Vol. 14. Rangoon: Burma Translation Society. pp. 293–294.
- ^ မြန်မာဖတ်စာ ဒုတိယတန်း (Grade-3) [Myanmar Textbook for Second Standard (Grade-3)] (in Burmese). Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar. 2006. p. 1.
- ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ^ "Japan's Myanmar community express shock and concern after Aung San Suu Kyi's detention". The Japan Times. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ^ "In Pictures: Myanmar military seizes power". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ^ "President Obama Promises Support for the People of Burma". obamawhitehouse.archives.gov. 19 November 2012.
- ^ London 2012 Flags and Anthems Manual
- ^ a b c တို့ဗမာအစည်းအရုံးသမိုင်း [Dobama Asiayone history] (in Burmese). စာပေဗိမာန်. 1976.
- ^ Khin Yi (1988). The Dobama Movement in Burma (1930-1938). Cornell University Press. p. 39.
- ^ ဝရဇိန် (ဆရာစံမြေ) (September 2011). မြန်မာ့သမိုင်းဝင်အလံများနှင့် မြန်မာခေါင်းဆောင်များ [Myanmar's Historical Flags and Myanmar Leaders].
- ^ ရန်ကုန်နေ့စဉ်သတင်းစာ THE RANGOON DAILY အတွဲ င။ ၁၃၀၉ ခု။ ပြာသိုလဆုတ် ၉ ရက် တနင်္ဂနွေနေ့။ SUNDAY 4 January 1948 အမှတ် ၅၃
- ^ A stamp issued on 2 March 1974
- ^ Flags flown in Maha Bandula Park on 2 January 2018
- ^ a b Tai, Yu-liang. "緬甸 Myanmar/Burma" (in Chinese). Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ^ "မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ အလံကိုပြောင်းချင်သူတွေ". BBC. 17 July 2019.
- ^ Cho, Phyo Thiha (24 July 2019). "NLD Wants Military Lawmakers Out of Parliament By 2035… And a New National Flag". Myanmar Now. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ^ Thar, Hein (24 July 2019). "NLD among four parties seeking new national flag". Frontier Myanmar. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ^ "crwflags.com".
- ^ Mister Maung Hmaing (1914). ဒေါင်းဋီကာ [Peacock Details].
- ^ ဝရဇိန် (ဆရာစံမြေ) (September 2011). မြန်မာ့သမိုင်းဝင်အလံများနှင့် မြန်မာခေါင်းဆောင်မျာ [Myanmar's Historical Flags And Myanmar Leaders].
- ^ Page 6, Part 2, Treatise about State Seals and State Flags Used Through Successive Periods In Myanmar.
Presenter = Yi Yi Nyunt, Director, Nationalities Youth Resources Development Degree College Sagaing, Department of Education and Practising, Ministry of Border Affairs, Republic of the Union of Myanmar - ^ ဗန်းမော်တင်အောင် [in Burmese]. မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်သမိုင်း [Myanmar State History].
- ^ Burma Celebrates Independence 1948. British Pathé. 1948. VLVA9I02D6F29HT6UH95ALQGCYMK.
- ^ a b c Hubert de Vries (27 March 2012). "Myanmar Burma Part 2". hubert-herald.nl.