Florence–Rome railway

Florence–Rome railway
standard gauge
Electrification	Electrified at 3000 V DC
Route map Legend from Livorno Firenze Rifredi 314.077 Firenze Santa Maria Novella Firenze Statuto To Faenza 1896 deviation 310.112 Firenze Porta alla Croce Firenze Campo di Marte 307.040 Firenze Rovezzano High-speed line (HSL) to Rome 302.089 Compiobbi 298.636 Sieci 294.479 Pontassieve to Borgo San Lorenzo 289.394 Sant'Ellero to Saltino (closed 1922) Arno River 286.278 Rignano sull'Arno–Reggello Autostrada A1—European route E35 high-speed line 1935 deviation Arno River Arno River 278.726 Incisa (old/ new) Valdarno North junction to the high-speed line 274.378 Figline Valdarno 266.844 San Giovanni Valdarno Valdarnese interurban line 261.416 Montevarchi-Terranuova Valdarnese interurban line 258.219 Valdarno South junction, link to the HSL 255.303 Campitello crossover 253.696 Bucine 248.888 Laterina 243.520 Ponticino Autostrada A1—European route E35 233+976 Indicatore crossing loop HSL 232.017 Arezzo North, link to the HSL From Sinalunga/Pratovecchio/Stia 227.370 Arezzo to Fossato di Vico (closed 1945) 221.382 Olmo crossing loop 219.228 Arezzo South junction, link to the HSL 215.326 Rigutino-Frassineto crossing loop 209.614 Castiglion Fiorentino 199.093 Camucia–Cortona 192.738 Terontola–Cortona to Perugia–Foligno Autostrada RA06 junction Tuscany Umbria 182.725 Castiglion del Lago 175.836 Panicale-Sanfatucchio crossing loop Umbria Tuscany from Siena and the HSL from Florence Chiusi North junction, link to the HSL Montallese crossover Chiusi North junction, link to the HSL High-speed line to Rome line from Ellera (never completed) 164.210 Chiusi-Chianciano Terme Tuscany Umbria 156.717 Città della Pieve Chiusi South junction, link to the HSL 147.316 Fabro-Ficulle Autostrada A1—European route E35 HSL HSL 135.462 Allerona–Castel Viscardo Paglia River 130.463 Orvieto North junction no 2, link to the HSL 124.876 Orvieto 122.855 Orvieto South junction no 2, link to the HSL 117.236 Baschi (closed in 2011) Autostrada A1—European route E35 111.974 Castiglione in Teverina Tiber River 105.108 Alviano Lazio Tuscany from Viterbo 96.093 Attigliano–Bomarzo Autostrada A1—European route E35 Tiber River 90.929 Bassano in Teverina (closed in 2011) 88.378 Orte North junction no 1, link to the HSL from Ancona 82.503 Orte To Capranica (only occasional traffic) Orte South junction, link to the HSL HSL Tiber River 73.837 Gallese Teverina Tiber River 69.737 Civita Castellana–Magliano HSL Tiber River Autostrada A1—European route E35 60.810 Collevecchio 56.784 Stimigliano 52.835 Gavignano Sabino 48.521 Poggio Mirteto to Rieti, Antrodoco and San Benedetto del Tronto (never built) 37.130 Fara Sabina–Montelibretti 30.994 Piana Bella di Montelibretti 25.582 Monterotondo–Mentana Autostrada A1—European route E35 HSL from Florence 16.227 Settebagni Grande Raccordo Anulare 12.772 Fidene (opened 1995) 10.330 Nuovo Salario (opened 1981) Aniene River 7.183 Roma Nomentana 4.505 Roma Tiburtina Roma San Lorenzo depot from Pescara and Naples (high-speed) from Naples (via Formia), Naples (via Cassino) and Nettuno to Fiumicino, Pisa and Viterbo 0.000 Roma Termini Source: Italian railway atlas[1] This diagram: view talk edit

The Florence–Rome railway is part of the traditional main north–south trunk line of the

High-speed trains on the Florence-Rome route use the parallel Florence–Rome high-speed line (Direttissima, meaning "most direct", abbreviated DD) which was partially opened on 24 February 1977 and completed on 26 May 1992.

History

The origins of the line design date back to early days of railway building in Italy, some years before the

Meanwhile, the project had inspired the Grand Duchy of Tuscany to build a railway to connect Florence with the Roman Railway Company's line. The route chosen for the railway was the natural route through the valley of the Arno to Arezzo and then continuing towards Perugia to the border with the Papal States. The concession was signed by the Grand Duchy in 1859 and confirmed by the new provincial government of Tuscany—which had just been absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy—on 24 March 1860. The company led by Augusto Pietro Adami and Adriano Lemmi, both from Livorno, obtained reconfirmation with a dictatorial decree signed by Garibaldi in Caserta on 25 September 1860.^[4] On 7 July 1861, Act 96 of the Kingdom of Italy gave legislative approval for the concession to the Società delle Ferrovie Livornesi (Livornese Railway Company) to carry out construction work already started^[5] for a strada ferrata da Firenze per Arezzo fino all'incontro di quella da Roma ad Ancona ("railway from Florence via Arezzo to that from Rome to Ancona").^[6] The resulting line was very long and tortuous while being very useful for many formerly isolated towns and villages. The first section of slightly less than 20 kilometres between Firenze Santa Maria Novella and Pontassieve was opened by the Livornese Railway Company on 20 September 1862. In the spring of 1863 the line from Florence reached Montevarchi and was completed to Terontola on 16 March 1866.^[2] The line from Terontola to Foligno was opened in December 1866, completing the link between Florence and Rome via Perugia.

On 15 December 1862, the Società per la Ferrovia Centrale Toscana (the Central Railway Company of Tuscany)—which had the concession for

Chiusi–Terontola cutoff

On 2 November 1864 the final section of the

Upgrades

The line was originally built as a single track and operated with steam traction; it was doubled in stages and then electrified at 3000 volts DC in 1935. However, the line remained slow, not allowing travel at over 100 km/h. After World War II work started on a project—which had been partly developed before the war—for the quadrupling of certain sections of the line that were already approaching saturation. In the early 1960s work slowly started on its implementation, which had developed into a project consisting of a new line with advanced features and a number of interconnections making possible the operation on the same track of both high-speed trains and trains stopping at intermediate stations. The new line is now known as the Direttissima.^[8]

Route

The current route connects the stations of Firenze Santa Maria Novella and Roma Termini via Arezzo, Terontola, Chiusi and Orvieto with a total length of 314 km. It follows the valleys of the

The line is double track and electrified at 3,000 volts direct current and has interconnection with the Direttissima at:

• Valdarno North
• Valdarno South
• Arezzo North
• Arezzo Sud
• Chiusi North
• Chiusi South
• Orvieto North
• Orvieto South
• Orte North
• Orte South

The integration of fast and slow trains on the two double lines, known as Linea Alta Velocità/Alta Capacità (high speed/ high capacity line, AV-AC) is similar to that adopted for high-speed lines in Germany.

See also

• List of railway lines in Italy

References

Footnotes