Ghanaian braille

Several

Basic braille alphabet

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s

t

u

v

w

x

y

z

The braille equivalents of print letters beyond these are described below. English Braille punctuation is used in both Ghana and (according to UNESCO 2013) Togo.

Braille is not in active use in Ghana for any language but English. However, there are some older publications in these braille alphabets.

Akan (Twi) Braille

Akan has one extra vowel letters. ⠪ ɔ could be expected from

Ga and Dagaare Braille

Ga and Dagaare add a third extra letter, ⠬ ŋ.

Ewe Braille

Ewe adds several additional consonants: ⠫ ɖ, ⠹ ƒ, ⠣ ɣ, ⠮ ʋ.

ɔ

ɛ

ŋ

ɖ

ƒ

ɣ

ʋ

The ɖ and ɣ are the

Ewe is the primary language of Togo, and is evidently used in Togo with the same braille assignments as in Ghana. UNESCO (2013 [1990]) reports several additional Togolese alphabets it was unable to confirm, but which were designed in conjunction with the Ghanaian languages; they evidently use the Ghanaian Ewe assignments:

• basic braille
  plus Ewe ŋ, ɔ.
• Igbo Braille. (Unesco reports u/ʊ braille values are exchanged from the norm, a likely copy error.^[1]
  ) The other letters are as in Ewe.
• Moba has ɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ, with ⠔ ɩ as in Kabiye.
• Tem has ɖ ɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ υ, as in Kabiye.

In addition, UNESCO reports that various Togolese languages have ⠡ for nasal vowels, ⠸ for high tone, ⠘ for mid tone, and ⠰ for low tone.

All five of these languages are spoken in Ghana as well as Togo, but Unesco does not report on them being reduced to braille there.

References

• UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.