Moon type

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the distinction between "sun"-type and "moon"-type letters in the Arabic alphabet, see Sun and moon letters.
Moon
Script type
Creator
Mandarin
Related scripts
Parent systems
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Moon (218), ​Moon (Moon code, Moon script, Moon type)
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

The Moon System of Embossed Reading (commonly known as the Moon writing, Moon alphabet, Moon script, Moon type, or Moon code) is a

blind, using embossed symbols mostly derived from the Latin script (but simplified). It is claimed by its supporters to be easier to understand than braille
, though it is mainly used by people who have lost their sight as adults, and thus already have knowledge of the shapes of letters.

History

Dr Moon's Alphabet for the Blind, from his Light for the Blind, published in 1877

Moon type was developed by William Moon (1818—1894), a blind Englishman living in Brighton, East Sussex. After a bout of scarlet fever, Moon lost his sight at age 21 and became a teacher of blind children. He discovered that his pupils had great difficulty learning to read the existing styles of embossed reading codes, and devised his own system that would be "open and clear to the touch."[1]

Moon first formulated his ideas in 1843 and published the scheme in 1845. Moon is not as well known as braille, but it is a valuable alternative[citation needed] touch reading scheme for the blind or partially sighted people of any age.

Rather than the dots of braille type, Moon type is made up of raised curves, angles, and lines. As the characters are quite large and over half the letters bear a strong resemblance to the print equivalent, Moon has been found particularly suitable for those who lose their sight later in life or for people who may have a less keen sense of touch. It has also proved successful as a mode of literacy for children with additional physical and/or learning difficulties.

Schools can borrow very simple children's books with added Moon type from the Clearvision Project in London.

Foreign languages

Specimens of Dr Moon's Type for the Blind, “Our father which art in heaven” applied to several languages, from his Light for the Blind, published in 1877

English Christian missionaries in Ningbo (Ningpo), China, during the Qing dynasty used Moon type to teach blind locals how to read Ningbo. Missionaries who spoke the Ningbo dialect ran the "Home for Indigent Old People" where most of the inmates were blind. In 1874, an English missionary taught a young blind man to read romanised Ningbo written in Moon type. The Gospel of Luke was then transcribed into two large volumes of Moon type. A Swiss missionary placed notices on placards throughout Ningbo stating that he would give food and money to the blind people who visited. The Gospel of Mark was transcribed into Moon type using romanized Mandarin, however, without the tone marks. Missionary Hudson Taylor, who had been involved with the transcription of the gospels, did not find tone marks necessary, as the romanised Ningbo vernacular has never used tone marks. However, aspirated consonants were distinguished.[2]

Characters

Letters

Moon alphabet

The Moon alphabet, including some contractions

As

with braille, there is a Grade 1 using one Moon character per one Latin character and a Grade 2 using contractions and shorthand that make texts more compact and faster to read, though requiring more study.[3]

Numbers

Similarly to Braille, the initial version of Moon type used the first ten letters with a "number start" symbol as digits.

Start 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

A later version used different symbols for each digit (StaffsMaths). These symbols are more complex to print.[4]

Punctuation

The type also includes punctuation.

Dotty Moon

Besides the original type formed by lines, there is the possibility of using certain Braille embossers to produce dot patterns (Dotty Moon or Dotted Moon) in the shape of Moon characters.[5] The patterns are disposed as a 5x5 grid.

Direction

Initially the

left-to-right
orientation.

Reception

The

Royal National Institute for the Blind for wider universality prefers braille.[7]

References

  1. ^ Farrell, p. 102.
  2. Hangchow
    . He had forgotten that to-day was juh ma, i.e., Friday, the Moslem's worship-day. This little colony and mosque are spoken of in "The Middle Kingdom." The Ah-hung brought out an Arabic New Testament in his possession. He says that at Hangchow are some families of the Kwan Ch'uan-kiao, i.e., the patriarchal sect. A missionary here as long ago as 1852 found men in Ningpo from the West of China, who were worshippers of one only God, but denied being Moslems or Christians.

    J. Crossett.
  3. Royal National Institute for the Blind. Archived from the original
    on 24 December 2012.
  4. ^ "Moon Maths". MoonLiteracy.org.uk. Archived from the original on June 15, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  5. Royal National Institute for the Blind
    .
  6. ^ Moon Type for the Blind, Ramseyer Bible Collection, Kathryn A. Martin Library, University of Minnesota Duluth.
  7. ^ Moon at the RNIB site.

Bibliography

  •  This article incorporates text from The Chinese Times, a publication from 1889, now in the public domain in the United States.
  • Farrell, Gabriel (1956). The Story of Blindness. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    OCLC 263655
    .

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moon_type&oldid=1204883020"