Golani Brigade
1st "Golani Defense " Brigade | |
---|---|
Active | 1948–present |
Country | Israel |
Branch | Israeli Ground Forces |
Type | Infantry |
Size | 5 battalions |
Part of | 36th Division, Northern Command |
Garrison/HQ | Camp Shraga |
Motto(s) | "The No. 1 Brigade" |
Colors | Brown beret, yellow and green flag |
March | "Golani Sheli" ("My Golani") |
Mascot(s) | Olive Tree |
Engagements |
|
Commanders | |
Current commander | Colonel Yair Palai |
The 1st "Golani" Brigade (
The brigade was formed on February 22, 1948, during the
Three of its commanders (
History
Founding and initial organization
As the end of the
Golani's area of operations included much of the
Number | Name | Meaning | Theater | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Alon | Oak | Upper Galilee ("Tel Hai") | Transferred to Oded in May 1948 |
12 | Barak | Lightning | Jordan Valley ("Benjamin")
|
|
13 | Gideon | Gideon | East Jezreel Valley ("Simeon") | |
14 | Dror | Named after commander, Ya'akov Dror | Jezreel Valley ("Levi") | |
15 | Goren | Named after commander, Moshe Goren | Jordan Valley
|
Created to assist Barak Battalion in the Jordan Valley battles |
Sources: Baltheim (1982), pp. 30–31; Etzioni (1951), p. 5 |
War of Independence
During the
The first Golani action following the Arab intervention in the 1948 war was the defense of the kibbutzim
During the Battles of the Ten Days between the first and second truces of the war (July 8–18, 1948), Golani managed to repel the Arab Liberation Army attack on Sejera from Lubya,[7] and helped capture Nazareth and eventually Lubya in Operation Dekel.[6] Golani participated in Operation Hiram in October 1948, where at first it staged diversionary attacks from the south. Afterwards captured Eilabun, Mughar, Rameh and other villages in the ALA First Yarmouk Battalion's zone.[8]
In December 1948, the brigade was largely transferred to the south in preparation for Operation Horev. Golani fought the Egyptians in the Gaza Strip, in Operation Assaf, the Battle of Hill 86 and later battles around Rafah.[9][10] In March 1949, the brigade was tasked with capturing Umm Rashrash, today Eilat, with the 7th Armored Brigade. Golani advanced through the Arabah region in the east and arrived at the location two hours after the 7th. This was the last operation of the war.[11]
Border Raids and Suez Crisis
After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Golani Brigade participated in a number of reprisal raids in the first part of the 1950s. In 1951, a Syrian patrol entered the demilitarized zone near Tel Mutilla, and was attacked by reservist IDF troops. Golani reinforced a reserve battalion and entered a battle that lasted five days, costing the brigade 40 dead and 72 wounded.[12] The battle caused a number of changes in the IDF doctrine and was a catalyst for the creation of Unit 101.[13] On October 28, 1955, after a border incident with Egypt around the Auja al-Hafir demilitarized zone, Golani was tasked with leading Operation Volcano, an attack on the Egyptian army in the area and the largest military operation at the time since the 1948 war.[14]
In the Suez Crisis of 1956, the brigade's task was to capture the area around the city Rafah. The 51st Battalion, formerly of Givati, led the assault on the Rafah Junction. They were ordered to abandon their vehicles after reaching a minefield and coming under fire from Egyptian artillery, although the battalion's sappers slowly created a way forward for a line of vehicles and the battalion captured the intended Egyptian positions. The 12th Battalion captured positions on the Rafah – Khan Yunis road, and the 13th—positions south of Rafah.[15]
In early 1960, after a border incident on the backdrop of the Israeli–Syrian water dispute, Golani destroyed the abandoned village
Six-Day War
On June 7, 1967, Golani units joined Israeli armored units in its assault on Nablus, capturing the city by 15:00.[19][20] The remainder of the brigade was kept in the north for the planned thrust against the Syrian army on the Golan Heights. Planning called for the 12th Battalion to capture Tel Faher and Burj Babil, Banias, Tel Hamra and Ayn Fit. The 51st took Bahriat, Tel Azaziat and Khirbet as-Suda. The 13th Battalion was left as an operational reserve in the northeastern tip of Israel.[21]
On June 9, the 51st Battalion crossed the border and advanced north along the Syrian patrol road. Its 3rd Company turned west to find Bahriat abandoned, while 2nd Company turned west and flanked Tel Azaziyat. The soldiers drove into a minefield and were forced to abandon their half-tracks, advancing to the trenches of Tel Azaziyat on foot. The battle continued from 16:21 to 17:06, ending in a Syrian surrender. At 16:46, 3rd Company captured Khirbet as-Suda, along with a T-54 tank. Meanwhile, the 12th Battalion split up to assault Burj Babil and Tel Faher. The forces at Tel Faher met stiff resistance and the 2nd Company now in Burj Babil was called to assist them. By 16:20, the southern position at Tel Faher had been taken. At 17:30, the Golani reconnaissance company came from the southeast to reinforce the 12th. By 18:20, Tel Faher was in Israeli hands.[22]
The 13th Battalion was called to help the 8th Brigade which was operating in the same area. They helped capture a position north of Za'ura, and the village Jbab al-Mis to the south. Just before dawn, the 51st assaulted Banias and captured it. Reinforcements from the 45th Brigade captured Tel Hamra slightly to the north.[22] During the course of the war, the Golani Brigade suffered 59 dead and 160 wounded, of them 23 in the Battle of Tel Faher.[23][24][25]
Counter-terror activities
After the Six-Day War, the activity in northern Israel where Golani was based was mostly limited to raids against
The raid on Wadi al-Yabis, code-named Operation Asuta 12, was carried out by the Golani reconnaissance unit and the 12th Battalion on May 4, 1969. The forces did not meet any resistance and returned after completing the mission of destroying a number of structures. The Cone Position, named after a
The destruction of the Ghor canal was a punitive measure against the Jordanian farmers of the area, from where numerous guerrilla attacks against Israeli farmers were initiated. The three positions defending it did not notice the Israeli forces. While the attack did not go as planned when the bombs laid near the canal were detonated prematurely, it was destroyed and the water drained into the
On the Lebanese front, Golani participated in numerous raids into
A major attack was carried out in response to the
In the
On the 4th of July 1976, a detachment of Golani took part in
Yom Kippur War
Like the rest of the IDF, the Golani Brigade was caught by surprise with the first Arab attack of the
After helping fend off two major Syrian offensives, armored forces joined the battle in the area and gave Golani time to reorganize. A northern and southern force were created, with the southern force taking and defending major positions in the heart of the Golan, including Nafakh, a military base and junction on the
The Israelis went to the offensive in the northern Golan on October 11. The 12th Battalion captured Jubata al-Khashab and Tel al-Ahmad, and later took positions and fended off Syrian attacks in Mazra'at Beit Jan. The 51st took Tel ad-Dahur, and after a failed attack on Beit Jann, took the village Hadar.[38]
After the events of October 6, Israel was determined to recapture Mount Hermon, nicknamed the "eyes of the country". The Second Battle of Mount Hermon began on October 8, when the 17th Battalion took tanks and half-tracks up the slopes of the Hermon, but its attack failed and the battalion suffered 25 dead and 57 wounded. During the next 13 days, the Israelis exchanged artillery fire with the Syrians on the Hermon. The next attack came on October 21.[39] Operation Dessert saw a joint force of Paratroopers and Golani retake the mountain. Golani staged a three-pronged attack by the 51st Battalion, the reconnaissance unit, the 17th Battalion and a motorized battalion. The reconnaissance unit captured the cable car position at dawn with support from elements of the 17th Battalion that were seconded to the Recce Unit. The battle ended at 11:00, when the 51st Battalion reported that it had captured the Israeli Golan position.[40]
After the Yom Kippur War, Golani forces were involved in a
Operations in Southern Lebanon and First Lebanon War
During the 1970s, Golani conducted frequent raids in
In Operation Peace for Galilee, which later became known as the
Second Intifada
Two years after the start of the Second Intifada in 2000, Israel launched Operation Defensive Shield in response to growing Palestinian terrorist attacks against Israeli soldiers and civilians. Golani participated in a number of battles against Palestinian militants, including the siege of the Ramallah Mukataa, capture of Tulkarm, and the Battle of Jenin.[50]
Second Lebanon War
In the
2007–2022
The Golani Brigade participated in
Following the deployment of Golani soldiers in Hebron in December 2011, the Left wing press has reported that city residents have sensed a 'manifest worsening of soldiers behavior', as a result of 'detention, intimidation, provocation and arrest of children and teenagers; arbitrary detention of Palestinians or blocking access to roads; beating or threatened beating of detained residents; religion-based provocation and insults; forcible entry into homes and violation of Palestinian property' and 'reprisals against local and international human rights activists.'[55][56]
At 1:05 a.m. on July 20, 2014, during
The commander of the Golani Brigade, Colonel Ghassan Alian, the first non-Jewish commander of the brigade and the highest ranking Druze in the IDF, was lightly injured in his eye in an exchange of fire, and later returned to his soldiers after being treated.[59]
2023 Israel–Hamas War
The Golani Brigade's 13th and 51st Battalions suffered heavy casualties during the
The 13th Battalion suffered 41 killed, which was more fatalities than it suffered in the Six-Day War and Yom Kippur War combined, and 91 wounded. Its headquarters were at the military base at Nahal Oz, and that was where many of the Golani soldiers were killed.[64][65]
On December 12, 2023, seven Golani Brigade soldiers were killed in a booby-trapped building and subsequent ambush during the Siege of Gaza City. Most of the fatalities were high-ranking officers like Colonel Yitzhak Ben-Bashat, commander of the Golani Brigade's forward command team, and Lieutenant Colonel Tomer Grinberg, the commander of the 13th Battalion who had fought in the battles around Nahal Oz in Israel two months earlier. Ben-Basat was the highest-ranking IDF soldier killed during the Israeli invasion of Gaza.[66][67]
Insignia
The symbol of the brigade is a green
Early Golani soldiers were farmers and new immigrants, so the strong connection to the land (earth) was important to honor. For this reason, Golani's soldiers are designated by brown berets; the brown color symbolizing the brigade's connection with the soil of the Land of Israel.[68]
The Golani Brigade's official song was written by Amos Ettinger, composed by Efi Netzer and popularly performed by Yehoram Gaon. The song mentions the brigade's many battles, including references to Rafah in the Sinai War, Tel Faher in the Six-Day War, and Mount Hermon in the Yom Kippur War.[70]
During the
Namesakes
At the Golani Interchange in the upper Galilee east of Haifa stands the Golani Brigade Museum commemorating the brigade and its fallen troops. The site is also used for battalion ceremonies.
Equipment
Golani Brigade's standard
family.The Golani Brigade's equipment includes a number of heavy
Today they are replaced by the
Brigade organization 2023
- 1st Infantry Brigade "Golani"
- 12th Infantry Battalion "Barak"
- 13th Infantry Battalion "Gideon"
- 51st Infantry Battalion "HaBok'im HaRishon/First Breachers"
- (631st) Patrol Battalion "Golani"
- 7086th Combat Engineer Battalion "Alon" (Reserve)
- Logistics Battalion "Golani"
- 351st Signals Company "Golani"
Commanders of the Golani Brigade
Years | Name | Events during tenure | Rank released | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
February–May 1948 | Moshe Mann | Battles of the Kinarot Valley | Lieutenant Colonel | |||
May–July 1948 | Mishael Shaham | Battle of Jenin (1948) | Colonel | |||
1948–1950 | Nahum Golan (Spiegel) | Operation Hiram, Operation Uvda | Brigadier General | |||
1950 | Dan Laner | Major General | ||||
1950–1951 | Avraham Yoffe | Major General | ||||
1951–1952 | Meir Amit (Slutzky) | Major General | ||||
1952–1954 | Asaf Simhoni | Major General | ||||
1954–1955 | Issachar Shadmi | Brigadier General | ||||
1955–1956 | Haim Ben David
|
Major General | ||||
1956–1957 | Binyamin Gibli | Suez Crisis | Colonel | |||
1957–1958 | Aharon Doron | Major General | ||||
1958–1960 | Elad Peled | Major General | ||||
1960–1961 | Aharon Yariv (Rabinovich) | Major General | ||||
1961–1963 | Mordechai Gur | Lieutenant General | ||||
1963–1965 | Uri Bar Ratzon | Colonel | ||||
1965–1966 | Shlomo Alton | Colonel (KIA) | ||||
1966–1968 | Yona Efrat | Six-Day War | Major General | |||
1968–1970 | Yekutiel Adam | Major General (KIA) | ||||
1970–1972 | Yehuda Golan | Brigadier General | ||||
1972–1974 | Amir Drori | Yom Kippur War | Major General | |||
1974–1975 | Uri Simhoni | War of attrition with Syria | Major General | |||
1975–1976 | Haim Binyamini | Brigadier General | ||||
1976–1977 | Uri Sagi (Eisenberg) | Major General | ||||
1977–1978 | Amir Reuveni | Operation Litani
|
Brigadier General | |||
1978–1980 | David Katz | Brigadier General | ||||
1980–1981 | Ilan Biran | Major General | ||||
1981–1982 | Erwin Lavi | First Lebanon War
|
Brigadier General | |||
1982–1984 | Immanuel Hert | Brigadier General | ||||
1984–1986 | Zvi Poleg (Farkash) | Brigadier General | ||||
1986–1987 | Gabi Ofir | Major General | ||||
1987–1988 | Gabi Ashkenazi | Lieutenant General | ||||
1988–1990 | Baruch Spiegel | Brigadier General | ||||
1990–1991 | Moshe Tzin | Brigadier General | ||||
1991–1993 | Yair Naveh | Major General | ||||
1993–1995 | Moshe Kaplinsky | Major General | ||||
1995–1997 | Erez Gerstein | Brigadier General (KIA) | ||||
1997–1999 | Gadi Eizenkot
|
Lieutenant General | ||||
1999–2001 | Shmuel Zakai | Brigadier General | ||||
2001–2003 | Moshe Tamir (Brigadier General)
|
Operation Defensive Shield | Brigadier General | |||
2003–2005 | Erez Tzukerman | Brigadier General | ||||
2005–2008 | Tamir Yadai | Second Lebanon War
|
Brigadier General * | |||
2008–2010 | Avi Peled | Operation Cast Lead
|
Brigadier General | |||
2010–2012 | Ofek Bukhris | Brigadier General | ||||
2012–2014 | Yaniv Asor | Colonel * | ||||
2014–2016 | Ghassan Alian | Operation Protective Edge
|
Colonel * | |||
2016–2018 | Shlomi Binder | Colonel * | ||||
2018–2020 | Shai Klapper | Colonel * | ||||
2020–2022 | Barak Hiram | Colonel * | ||||
2022– | Yair Palai | Colonel * | ||||
* – on active duty |
Bibliography
- Baltheim, Avi (1982). "Golani". IDF in its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia (in Hebrew). Vol. 11. Revivim Publishing.
- Etzioni, Binyamin, ed. (1951). Tree and Dagger – Battle Path of the Golani Brigade (in Hebrew). Ma'arakhot Publishing.
- Wallach, Jeuda, ed. (1978). "Security". Carta's Atlas of Israel (in Hebrew). Vol. First Years 1948–1961. Carta Jerusalem.
- Wallach, Jeuda, ed. (1980). "Six-Day War". Carta's Atlas of Israel (in Hebrew). Vol. The Second Decade 1961–1971. Carta Jerusalem.
- Wallach, Jeuda, ed. (1983). Carta's Atlas of Israel (in Hebrew). Vol. The Third Decade 1971–1981. Carta Jerusalem.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help)[full citation needed] - Wallach, Jeuda, ed. (2003). Battle Sites in the Land of Israel (in Hebrew). ISBN 965-220-494-3.
- ISBN 978-1592644179.
See also
References
- ^ a b c Baltheim (1982), p. 29
- ^ a b Baltheim (1982), pp. 29–31
- ^ a b Etzioni (1951), p. 5
- ^ Wallach (2003), p. 97
- ^ Etzioni (1951), p. 67
- ^ a b Baltheim (1982), pp. 33–35
- ISBN 9780300126969.
- ^ Wallach (1978), p. 60
- ^ Baltheim (1982), p. 36
- ^ Wallach (1978), p. 62
- ^ Baltheim (1982), p. 37
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 40–41
- ^ Milstein, Uri (August 25, 2001). "To Act According to Ben-Gurion's Model After the Debacle at Tel Mutilla and Falma" (in Hebrew). News 1. Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- ^ Baltheim (1982), p. 44
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 48–51
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 56–57
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 60–62
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 62–63
- ^ Baltheim (1982), p. 65
- ^ Wallach (1980), p. 80
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 66–67
- ^ a b Wallach (1980), p. 83
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 78–79
- ^ a b "Golani Brigade". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ^ Wallach (2003), p. 273
- ^ a b Baltheim (1982), pp. 81–83
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 83–84
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 84–87
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 87–88
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 88–90
- ^ Wallach (1983), p. 34
- ^ Baltheim (1982), p. 93
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 91–92
- ISBN 0-553-10482-9.
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 97–98
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 98–99
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 100–102
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 102–104
- ^ Baltheim (1982), p. 106
- ^ Wallach (1983), p. 65
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 119–120
- ^ a b Baltheim (1982), p. 126
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 133–135
- ^ Wallach (1983), p. 117
- ^ Baltheim (1982), pp. 135–137
- ^ Solley, George C. (February 16, 1987). "The Israeli Experience in Lebanon, 1982-1985". Marine Corps Command and Staff College. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ^ "Operation Peace for Galilee – Forces and Missions" (in Hebrew). Golani Brigade official website. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ^ "The Battle for Kafr Sil (July 9–10)" (in Hebrew). Golani Brigade official website. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ^ "Golani Brigade in Operation Peace for Galilee" (in Hebrew). Golani Brigade official website. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ^ a b Harel, Amos (January 6, 2009). "The IDF's Golani Brigade: Always First on the Scene at the Front Line". Haaretz. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ^ Pfeffer, Anshel (July 28, 2006). "'It was all so very fast - the shooting, the shouting'". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on July 6, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ISBN 978-1592644179.
- ^ "IDF soldiers killed in Operation Cast Lead". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
- ^ "Operation Cast Lead – Update No. 8". Israel Intelligence Heritage and Commemoration Center. January 6, 2009. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
- ^ Amira Hass (February 13, 2012). "IDF brigade leaves an impression in Hebron". Haaretz. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
- CPT
- ^ "13 IDF soldiers killed in Gaza as Operation Protective Edge death toll climbs to 18". July 20, 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
- ^ "Thirteen IDF Soldiers Killed in Gaza". Arutz Sheva. 20 July 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
- ^ IDF Brigade Commander Wounded Leading Troops Into Battle, israeltoday.co.il.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (8 October 2023). "Authorities name 451 soldiers, 59 police officers killed in Gaza war". The Times of Israel.
- ^ "451 חללי המלחמה ששמותיהם הותרו לפרסום". www.idf.il (in Hebrew).
- ^ Rosenberg, David (9 October 2023). "Hamas invasion death toll rises to 800 as Israel prepares for far more dangerous threat from north". World Israel News.
- ^ Frantzman, Seth J. (16 October 2023). "Overwhelmed: The IDF's first hours fighting the terror waves on Oct 7". The Jerusalem Post.
- ^ "The Major General that lost 41 fighters in one day: 'I was only thinking about the settlements'". 13tv.co.il (in Hebrew).
- ^ Yoav Limor Israel Hayom (21 October 2023). "A battalion commander readies for invasion". Las Vegas Review-Journal.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (13 December 2023). "Ten soldiers, including two senior officers, killed in Gaza fighting and deadly ambush". The Times of Israel.
- ^ "Troops killed in successive explosions in north Gaza's Shejaiya — reports". The Times of Israel. 13 December 2023.
- ^ a b Amos, Roy (February 25, 2011). "Bamahane". Bamahane (in Hebrew). No. 3076. p. 38.
- IDF SpokespersonJanuary 26, 2013
- ^ "Brigade Anthem" (in Hebrew). Golani Brigade official website. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ^ Newsroom (2023-11-15). "Γάζα: Ο ισραηλινός στρατός «κατεδάφισε το κοινοβούλιο της Χαμάς»". Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ (in Greek). Retrieved 2023-11-24.