Habiganj District
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2015) |
Habiganj
হবিগঞ্জ | ||
---|---|---|
Postal code 3330-3374 | ||
HDI (2019) | 0.573[3] medium · 20th of 20 | |
Website | www |
Habiganj (
History
Ancient
Prehistoric settlements were said to have been discovered in the Chaklapunji tea garden, near Chandirmazar of Chunarughat. Habiganj has also revealed a significant number of prehistoric tools from the bed of Balu Stream, a small ephemeral stream (water remains here only for a few hours after rainfall). Angularity and freshness of the fossil wood artifacts suggest that they did not come from a great distance and probably came from nearby hillocks. Typologically, technologically, and morphometrically, the artifacts are more or less the same as those found in the Lalmai, Comilla. The fossil wood assemblages of both of these areas are often classified into two groups: pre-neolithic assemblages without polished tools (hand axes, cleavers, scrapers, chopping tools, points etc.) and neolithic assemblages (hand axes, polished Celts, awls etc.).
The
Early medieval
Historically, Habiganj was part of the
The
In medieval times, there were numerous
The feudal kingdom of Tungachal was given to Epivishnu by Raja Upananda of Brahmachal in the 11th century. It was based in Rajapur in southern Habiganj. Following the murder of Upananda by the Gour Kingdom loyalists, Epivishnu refused to acknowledge Tungachal as a part of Gour. This led to a battle in 1258 on the banks of Ghungi Jurir Haor in Tungachal in which Epivishnu was murdered and Shandul was subsequently appointed as Tungachal's governor by Raja Govardhan of Gour. In response to Epivishnu's murder, the King of Tripura managed to annex Tungachal away from Gour and appointed Bhadra Janardan, Epivishnu's minister, to govern Tungachal. Janardan was deposed during the reign of Govinda of Gour and replaced by Achak Narayan.[14]
Following the
Late medieval
Between the thirteenth and early seventeenth centuries, parts of Habiganj were a part of the state of Nasirabad, based in Mymensingh.[16][17]
Syed Musa became the
By the middle of the 15th century, when all the divisions of Laur were united under the headship of Baniachang House (now of Muslim faith), it seems the Muslim area of Taraf passed under the control of Baniachung, which now became very powerful to include in its territory, the whole of present Sunamganj and Habiganj subdivisions. A town by the name of Habibganj was founded by Syed Habib Ullah who belonged to the Syed zamindar dynasty of Taraf. The name Habibganj eventually turned into Habiganj.
In
Taraf was incorporated into the Sarkar of Sylhet. The Mughals made use of the fort at Taraf, often camping whilst on expeditions to defeat other rebellious chieftains such as Pahlawan of Matang and Bayazid Karrani II of Sylhet. With the establishment of the East India Company and later the British Raj, Taraf continued to exist as a pargana or fiscal division within Sylhet. Its area was 79.65 square miles, consisted of 1601 estates and had a land revenue of £4400 as of 1875.[18]
Modern
During the British Raj, Habiganj was established as a Thana (police precinct) in 1790, under Dhaka district (1779–1793).
In the second session of the Congress held in Calcutta in 1886, the Indian National Congress was able to attract representatives from Habiganj District.[citation needed] Until 1896, Habiganj's administrative centre was in Court Andar, Laskarpur. On 12 September 1874 it came under Sylhet district (part of Assam). Habiganj was declared as subdivision in 1867. On 7 April 1893, according to Notification #273 of Assam Provincial Government, Habiganj Thana (Administrative unit) was established. Habiganj was rejoined with East-Bengal (now Bangladesh) in 1911. Then the Office of the Circle Officer (Development) was established in 1960.
Habiganj is the historical place where the Mukti Bahini started their first guerrilla movement against oppression of Pakistani Army.[citation needed] On 4 April 1971, during Bangladesh Liberation War the senior army officers assembled at the headquarters of 2nd East Bengal at Teliapara, a semi hilly area covered by tea gardens where General MAG Osmani, Lieutenant Colonel Abdur Rob, Lieutenant Colonel Salahuddin Mohammad Reja, Major Kazi Nuruzzaman, Major Khaled Mosharraf, Major Nurul Islam, Major Shafat Jamil, Major Mainul Hossain Chowdhury, and others were present.[citation needed]
At this meeting four senior commanders were entrusted with the responsibility of operational areas. Sylhet-Brahmanbaria area was placed under the command of Major Shafiullah, Comilla-Noakhali area was given to Major Khaled Mosharraf while Chittagong-Chittagong Hill Tracts was given to Major Ziaur Rahman and Kushtia-Jessore area was placed under command of Major Abu Osman Chowdhury. In the meeting the organization concept of the freedom fighter forces and the command structure were chalked out under the command of General MAG Osmani.[19]
During the War of Liberation in 1971 an 18 hours direct encounter between the freedom-fighters and the Pakistani-army was held on 16 November 1971, in which freedom-fighter Jagatyoti and 11 villagers were killed by the Pakistani-army.[20][self-published source?]
On 1 March 1984 Habiganj was established as a District.[21] Md. Kamrul Hasan is the Deputy Commissioner.[22]
Geography
Habiganj is located at 24°22′30″N 91°25′00″E / 24.3750°N 91.4167°E. Its area is 2,636.58 km2 and bounded by
This part of Bangladesh is characterized by alluvial plains which are dissected by various connecting rivers as well as streams, lakes; and it is vulnerable to both flood and drought. The land is devoted mainly to agriculture due to its fertile alluvial soils.
Land
Cultivated agricultural land: 1,54,953 hectare (60.22% of the total agricultural land). Forestland 95 11,644 hectare (4.53% of the total land). For crops 51.6% single-crop, 38.7% double-crop and 9.7% triple-crop; fallow 521 hectares. Its rivers include Barak, Bheramahana, Gopala, Kalni, Kalishiri, Khowai, Korangi, Kushiara, Meghna River(lower), Ratna, Shwasanali, shutki, sonai, Korangi, Shutang, Tentulia, Jhingri, Bizna, Yojnal, and Lohor.
Demography
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1974 | 1,082,485 | — |
1981 | 1,277,366 | +2.39% |
1991 | 1,526,609 | +1.80% |
2001 | 1,757,665 | +1.42% |
2011 | 2,089,001 | +1.74% |
2022 | 2,358,886 | +1.11% |
Sources:[2][24] |
According to the
Religion | Population (1941)[25]: 36–37 | Percentage (1941) | Population (2011)[24] | Percentage (2011) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Islam | 434,536 | 59.43% | 1,731,168 | 82.87% |
Hinduism | 260,457 | 35.62% | 352,407 | 16.87% |
Tribal religion | 35,794 | 4.90% | 2,819 | 0.14% |
Others [b] | 364 | 0.05 | 2,607 | 0.12% |
Total Population | 731,151 | 100% | 2,089,001 | 100% |
Muslims make up 82.87% of the population, while Hindus are 16.87% of the population.[24]
About 97% of the population are
Economy
- Tea Gardens: 24 covering total area 15,703.24 hectare.
- Rubber gardens: 3 Rupaichhara-Bahubal (1981). Half of this garden is situated in Habiganj and the rests are in Shreemangal, total area 2,000 acres (8.1 km2). Shahjibazar-Chunarughat(1978) area 2,004 acres (8.11 km2), Shatgaon Rubber garden (1971) area 200 acres (0.81 km2).
Literature and culture
Habigang is famous for folk Literature: Mahuya Sundari and Dhupar Path.
Local newspapers: Daily Habiganj Express, Daily Pravakar, Pratidener Bani, weekly Swadhikar, Swadeshbarta, Drishtikon, Daily Khowai, Habiganj Samachar, Janatar Dalil, Parikrama, fortnightly Prayas, The Daily Habiganjer Ayna and Mritika.
Defunct local newspapers: monthly Moitri (1909), weekly Projapati (1909), Sree Sree Sonar Gauranga (1329 BS), Palli Bani (1940), weekly Shahid (1948), weekly Jagaran (1955), monthly Avijatrik (1966).
Archaeological heritage
- Ancient Rajbari (1737–38) at Puranbagh, Baniachang
- Bagala Matar Mandir, Habiganj
- Baniachong village (the biggest village in Asia)
- Bibir Dargah Mosque, Baniachang
- Bithangal Akhra, Baniachang
- Dorga-tila, Mira-tila and Tangee-tila, Nabiganj
- Foltoli-tila and water fountain, Nabiganj
- Jami Mosque, Bahubal
- Kalibari, Habiganj Sadar
- Habiganj Municipal Building (Foundation & Established on 16 December 1940)
- Habiganj Bazar–Shaistaganj–Balla line
- Habiganj BazarRailway station, Habiganj Sadar
- Habiganj CourtRailway station, Habiganj Sadar
- Balla Land Port (Bangladesh's no. 23 border land port) Balla, Chunarughat
- Kuri-tila, Black-stone and an Ancient Rajbari, Dinarpur, Nabiganj
- Mashulia Akhra, Habiganj Sadar
- Shankarpasha Shahi Masjid
- Murarband Dargah Sharif, Chunarughat
- Hujra Khana of Syed Nasir Uddin, Murarbandar Dargah Sharif, Chunarughat.[26]
- Putijuri Jami Mosque, Bahubal
- Ramakrishna Ashram, Habiganj Sadar
- Rashidpur Tea Garden, Bahubal Upazila
- Shagor Dighi, Baniachong
- Shajeerbazar, Chunarughat
- Sham-baoul Akhra and Doulotpur Akhra, Baniachang
- War of Liberation Mass Grave, Nabiganj
- War of Liberation Memorial Monument, Nabiganj
- Kalarduba Tourist Center, Baniachong
- Habiganj Govt High School, Habiganj
Sports
The Habiganj Adhunik Stadium is the largest stadium in Habiganj District. The 25,000-capacity venue is used for cricket and football.
Upazila
At present Habiganj consists of 9 upazilas, 6 municipalities, 54 wards, 78 union parishads, 124
The upazilas are:- Ajmiriganj
- Baniachang
- Bahubal
- Chunarughat
- Habiganj Sadar
- Lakhai
- Madhabpur
- Nabiganj
- Shaistaganj
Railroad
Habiganj Bazar-Shaistaganj-Balla Railroad | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: Bangladesh Railway Map |
Shaistaganj-Habiganj railroad section's four railway station established by Assam Bengal railway 1928
- Habiganj Bazar
- Habiganj Court
- Dhuliakhal
- Paikpara
N.B.: Shaistaganj railway station established by Assam Bengal railway 1903. In 1928-29 when the Habiganj Bazar-Shaistaganj-Balla railway link was opened, it became a junction railway station.
Shaistaganj-Chunarughat railroad section's seven railway station established by Assam Bengal railway 1929
- Barkota
- Sakir Muhammed
- Sutang Bazar
- Chunarughat
- Amu Road
- Assampara
- Balla
Habiganj Bazar–Shaistaganj–Balla line
During the colonial British rule, train services were started by rail at Habiganj Mahukuma in Sylhet district of the then (Undivided British-India) Assam province.
The railway line was opened by the Assam Bengal Railway by the then British government from Habiganj district headquarters town to Balla border via Shaistaganj junction, about 45 or 52 kilometers long railway line.[27]
Of these, the Shaistaganj-Habiganj (15 or 16 km) railway line was inaugurated in 1928 and the Shaistaganj-Balla (30 or 36 km) railway line was inaugurated in 1929.[27][28][29]
Coal-engined trains used to run between eight stations at Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Shaistaganj Junction, Shakir Mohammad, Chunarughat, Amuroad, Assampara and Balla bordering Tripura.[27]
Of these, Chunarughat, Amur road and Assampara stations were of great importance. Tea produced in 22 tea gardens from those three stations was transported by rail.[27]
At that time, this railway was the only means of exporting tea leaves of 13 gardens of Chunarughat upazila of Habiganj at a low cost and importing related items including garden rations.[27]
There are a total of 4 stations on the Shaistaganj-Habiganj railway line (excluding Shaistaganj Junction), namely: Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Dhuliakhal and Paikpara. The Shaistaganj-Balla railway line has a total of 7 stations (excluding Shaistaganj Junction), namely: Barkula, Shakir Muhammed, Sutang Bazar, Chunarughat, Amu Road, Assampara and Balla.
After the independence of Bangladesh, the importance of the Balla train increased further. For this reason, the railway authorities built two more stations named Sutang Bazar and Barkula, known as remote areas.[27]
At that time, the role of the train in bringing back refugees from India was commendable.[27] At that time, a diesel engine was added to the ballar train. The train used to travel twice a day from Habiganj to the border station Balla.[27]
After the end of the refugee transportation phase, the smugglers took over the train in Balla. Later, the train of Balla became a train of smugglers.[27] At first, the passengers protested about this, but later the passengers got the opportunity to travel without a ticket.[27]
In such a situation, the running train suffered losses. The railway authorities suspended the renovation work of the railway line. The train continues at great risk. The speed comes down to 15 kilometers.[27]
During the tenure of the military ruler Ershad government, the train movement on this route was stopped unannounced for the first time.[27] In the face of the movement of passengers, the train started running again within a week.[27] A few days after the BNP came to power in 1991, the movement of the ballar train was again stopped unannounced.[27]
Various social organizations started a movement demanding the movement of trains.[27] For this reason, the government decided to run the train under private management.[27] After running under private management for some time, the train was stopped again.[27]
After the Awami League government came to power in 1996, the then Finance Minister late Shah AMS Kibria, (Member of parliament) elected from Habiganj Sadar-Lakhai Upazila (Habiganj-3) constituency, under the sincere political efforts of the late Shah AMS Kibria, the railway line was upgraded in 2000. Although the train service was started, the last train movement on this line was stopped in 2003.[27]
Ever since the undeclared closure of the BNP-Jamaat coalition government, an influential quarter has been looking at the huge resources of the railways.[27] Around 2005, about 15 kilometers of railway line from Habiganj Bazar to Shaistaganj railway junction was removed on the pretext of making a road.[27] Later, the railway line from Shaistaganj to Habiganj was lifted and a bypass road was constructed.[27]
The Habiganj-Balla train could not be restarted even after a long time.[27] Railway land worth crores of rupees has been occupied by breaking the name of politics.[27] Railway employees who used to stay at different stations are also living by occupying railway land and constructing buildings. Some employees are pocketing money by constructing buildings on railway land and installing tenants.[27]
In 2003, the railway line was abandoned after the train service on this route was stopped.[27] Since then, railway property worth crores of rupees has been looted. In the meantime, valuable equipment of the road and furniture of the station house have been looted.[27]
Now the railway land is being occupied. A section of people are occupying these lands and building buildings. They are cultivating various crops. The name of Shaistaganj Junction is associated with the abandoned railway line. The locals demanded that the train be restarted on this railway line soon to protect the tradition of the junction.[28][29]
After the Awami League government came to power in 2008, railway minister late Suranjit Sengupta was accorded a reception by the people of Shaistaganj. At that time, he assured that the Balla train would be started within a few days.[27] When Suranjit Sen became a political victim, the train from Habiganj Sadar to Balla could not be started again.[27]
The train from Habiganj Sadar to Balla is still closed. Locals said four of the habiganj-Shaistaganj-Balla railway stations are located in Habiganj Sadar upazila and seven in Chunarughat upazila.[27] Shaistaganj Junction in Shaistaganj Upazila. That is why on the eve of the 11th parliamentary election, various demands were raised from the common people, including the introduction of the Ballar train from Habiganj Sadar, the recovery of the land of the train.[27]
During the election campaign, Awami League leaders also assured to start the Ballar train from Habiganj Sadar, but even after the past years, no word has been uttered from the leaders about the introduction of the train.[27] The expectations of the people of Chunarughat-Madhabpur upazila (Habiganj-4) have increased a lot after Mahbub Ali, (Member of parliament), became the state minister for civil aviation and tourism.[27]
The common people think that Minister Mahbub Ali can restart the Balla train from Habiganj Bazar i.e. Habiganj Sadar to Chunarughat Balla Land Port, the tradition of the area and Habiganj district.[27] And ordinary people are looking for the way in that hope.[27]
Railway History
The Habiganj Bazar–Shaistaganj–Balla line is a railway line connecting
In response to the demands of the Assam tea planters for a railway link to Chittagong port, Assam Bengal Railway started construction of a railway track on the eastern side of Bengal in 1891. A 150 kilometres (93 mi) track between Chittagong and Comilla was opened to traffic in 1895. The Comilla–Akhaura–Kulaura–Badarpur section was opened in 1896–98 and extended to Lumding by 1903.[31][32][33]
The Kulaura-Sylhet section was opened 1912–15, the Shaistaganj-Habiganj branch line in 1928, the Shaistaganj–Balla branch line in 1929 and the Sylhet–Chhatak Bazar line in 1954.[34]
A metre gauge link exists between Shahbajpur in Bangladesh and
Education
There are 20 colleges (3 of which are government-run), 3 technical schools and colleges, 1 polytechnic institute, 95 high schools (6 of which are government-run), and hundreds of primary schools in the district.[36]
Notable people
- Nurul Islam Olipuri (born 1955), Islamic scholar
- Syed Pir Badshah, medieval Persian-language author
- Syed Rayhan ad-Din, medieval Persian-language author
- Tafazzul Haque Habiganji, former vice-president of Hefazat-e-Islam and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
- Sirajul Hossain Khan, former minister (1985-1990), MP, journalist and former general secretary, east Pakistan journalist union, leftist politician.
- Major General Mohammad Abdur Rab (Bir Uttam), Chief of Staff of Liberation Forces
- Shah Kibria, former Finance Minister of Bangladesh, d. 2005
- Dewan Farid Gazi, veteran politician (Awami League) and freedom fighter/activist, former minister of Bangladesh
- Dewan Mahbubur Rob Sadi Chaudhuri (Bir Protik), Sub-Sector Commander (1971), Former MP[37]
- Major General Chitta Ranjan Dutta- Bir Uttam
- Jagat Joity Das - Bir Bikrom
- Enamul Haque Mostafa Shahid, veteran politician (Awami League) and freedom fighter/activist, former Social Welfare Minister of Bangladesh, d. 2016
- Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury, former advisor to the President of Bangladesh and minister
- Hemango Biswas, nationalist leader, poet and singer
- Shegufta Bakht Chaudhuri, fourth Governor of Bangladesh Bank, former advisor, Caretaker Govt of Bangladesh
- Syed A. B. Mahmud Hossain, Chief Justice of Bangladesh
- Justice Syed Husain, Chief Justice (since 27 January 2004)
- Bipin Chandra Pal, one of the main architects of the Swadeshi movement and part of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate
- Niranjan Pal, playwright and screenwriter
See also
- Taraf Kingdom
- Districts of Bangladesh
Notes
- ^ Habiganj subdivision of Sylhet district
- ^ Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated
References
Media related to Habiganj District at Wikimedia Commons
- ^ "List of Deputy Commissioners". Bangladesh National Information Broadcasting.
- ^ ISBN 978-984-35-2977-0.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
- ^ Chowdhury, Iftekhar Ahmed (7 September 2018). "Sylhetis, Assamese, 'Bongal Kheda', and the rolling thunder in the east" (Opinion). The Daily Star. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-19-562879-1.
- ISSN 1996-1073.
- ^ ISSN 0012-9976.
- ^ Niyogi, Puspa (1967). Brahmanic Settlements in Different Subdivisions of Ancient Bengal. Indian Studies: Past & Present. p. 41.
- ^ "প্রাচীন তরফ রাজ্যের সংক্ষিপ্ত ইতিবৃত্ত". দৈনিক শায়েস্তাগঞ্জ. 2015-11-25. Retrieved 2024-06-24.
- ^ Chowdhury, Dhoha (2020-07-24). চন্দ্রপুর: যেখানে লুকিয়ে আছে দশম শতাব্দীর বিদ্যাপীঠ. The Daily Star (in Bengali). Retrieved 2024-06-24.
- ^ জুড়ীতে প্রাচীন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়?. Kaler Kantho. July 2020. Retrieved 2024-06-24.
- ^ Dutta, Anima (2008-12-31). Political geography of Pragjyotisa Kamarupa (PhD thesis). Gauhati University. Retrieved 2024-06-24.
- ^ Stewart, Charles (1813). The History of Bengal. London.
- ^ Nath, Rajmohan (1948). The back-ground of Assamese culture. A. K. Nath. p. 118.
- ^ Syed Mustafa Kamal (Feb 2011). সিলেট বিভাগের ভৌগোলিক ঐতিহাসিক রুপরেখা (in Bengali). Sylhet: Shaykh Faruq Ahmad, Palash Seba Trust. p. 92.
- ^ Irani, Ayesha A. (5 December 2011). Sacred biography, translation, and conversion ; The Nabīvaṃśa of Saiyad Sultān and the making of Bengali Islam, 1600-present (PhD). University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 2016-09-13. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
- ^ প্রাচীন তরফ রাজ্যের সংক্ষিপ্ত ইতিবৃত্ত. Daily Sylheter Songbad (in Bengali). 17 November 2015.
- ^ Hunter, William Wilson (1875). A Statistical Account of Assam. Vol. 2.
- ^ "Attack on Kalachara". Victory Day Special. The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 2009-11-16. Retrieved 2009-11-16.
- ^ "History of Habiganj". My Habiganj. Archived from the original on 2009-12-14. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
- ^ এক নজরে হবিগঞ্জ [Habiganj at a glance]. Habiganj District (in Bengali). Bangladesh National Portal.
- ^ জেলা প্রশাসকের প্রোফাইল [DC Profile]. Habiganj District (in Bengali). Bangladesh National Portal.
- ^ OL 30677644M. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Habiganj" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
- ^ "Census of India, 1941 Volume IX Assam Province" (PDF). 1941.
- ^ মুড়ারবন্দ তরফ রাজ্যের প্রথম রাজধানী ও সৈয়দ বংশের উৎসস্থল. Shaistaganj.com. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj হাজার কোটি টাকার সরকারি সম্পদ লুট. Manab Zamin. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
- ^ a b c কোটি কোটি টাকার মালামাল লুটপাট : ১৬ বছর ধরে বন্ধ হবিগঞ্জ-শায়েস্তাগঞ্জ বাল্লা রেলপথ. dailyjalalabad.com. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
- ^ a b c d ১৪ বছরেও চালু হয়নি শায়েস্তাগঞ্জ-বাল্লা রেলপথ. Samakal (in Bengali). 14 February 2017. Retrieved 2020-10-31.
- ^ বৃষ্টি হলেই ভেসে যায় শায়েস্তাগঞ্জ জংশনের প্লাটফর্ম. Alokito Bangladesh (in Bengali). 2020-07-22.
- ^ Fida, Quazi Abul (2012). "Railway". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Report on the Administration of North East India. Mittal Publications. 1984. p. 46.
- ISBN 978-81-8324-098-7. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
- ^ "Brief History". Bangladesh Railway. Archived from the original on 20 December 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ "Geography – International". IRFCA. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ এক নজরে হবিগঞ্জ [Habiganj at a glance]. Habiganj District.
- ^ "List of 2nd Parliament Members" (PDF). Bangladesh Parliament (in Bengali). 13 August 2014.