Hogg Rock
Hogg Rock | |
---|---|
Highest point | |
Elevation | 4,823 feet (1,470 m) |
Coordinates | 44°25′19″N 121°52′37″W / 44.4220636°N 121.8770044°W[1] |
Geography | |
Location | Linn County, Oregon, U.S. |
Parent range | Cascades |
Topo map | USGS Three Fingered Jack |
Geology | |
Age of rock | About 80,000 years[2][3] |
Mountain type | Tuya, lava dome |
Last eruption | Pleistocene |
Climbing | |
Easiest route | Hike |
Hogg Rock is a tuya volcano and lava dome in the Cascade Range of northern Oregon, United States, located close to Santiam Pass. Produced by magma with an intermediate andesite composition, it has steep slopes and thick glassy margins. Hogg Rock exhibits normal magnetic polarity and is probably about 80,000 years old.
Hogg Rock lies south of
Geography
Hogg Rock is located in Linn County, in the U. S. state of Oregon.[1] It is close to Santiam Pass, by the Hayrick Butte tuya, another feature produced from the interaction of volcanic eruptive materials with glaciers. It is close to the Mount Jefferson Wilderness, near where Oregon Route 22 and US Highway 20 intersect with the Cascade Range at Santiam Pass,[4] and sits next to Oregon Route 126.[5] Hogg Rock lies about 16 miles (25 km) north of Collier Cone,[6] a cinder cone at the northern side of the base of the North Sister.[7] The United States Geological Survey considers Hogg Rock part of the Three Fingered Jack quadrangle,[2] while Siebert, Simkin, and Kimberly (2010) list it as a volcanic cone of Three Fingered Jack.[8] Hogg Rock lies south of Three Fingered Jack and north of Hoodoo Butte and Hayrick Butte.[9] According to the Geographic Names Information System, the volcano has an elevation of 4,823 feet (1,470 m).[1]
Ecology
The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife determined in the early 1990s that there was potential for peregrine falcon nests at Hogg Rock, though it was considered low-quality habitat because of its lack of suitable ledges and high amounts of human disturbance.[5] Wildflowers and bracken ferns occur along roadways. The area has previously been affected by fires.[10]
Geology
North Sister and
Part of a mostly mafic chain of volcanoes between the
The volcano has been eroded by glaciers.[4] It was formed during the Pleistocene, with an approximate age of roughly 80,000 years according to Deligne et al. (2017), corresponding to the Wisconsin glacial period;[22] Hill and Priest (1992) assign it an age of 90,000 years ± 20,000 years,[17] while Sherrod et al. argue that its age by K–Ar dating is 80,000 years ± 20,000 years.[2][3] The volcano exhibits a normal magnetic polarity.[17]
Santiam Pass has been assessed for its geothermal energy potential, and there is a drill corehole extending to a depth of 3,040 feet (930 m) south of the highway area. In addition to the expected basaltic andesite lava and a number of dikes, the core also detected unusual basalt, andesite, and coarse sediment indicative of debris flows. The dating for these samples cannot be confirmed because of the close proximity of Brunhes-aged dikes, which likely heated nearby rock and caused the loss of radiogenic argon.[13]
Human history
Hogg Rock served as a landmark for travelers searching for Hogg Pass,
Santiam Pass, located at an elevation of 4,817 feet (1,468 m), marks a historic feature in the Cascade Range. West of Mount Washington and Three Fingered Jack, there are three major routes. One travels north and west down the North Santiam River, the same path followed by Hogg's railroad, while another moves southwest along the McKenzie River. The third route moves west over Tombstone Pass, reaching the South Santiam River, and was followed by the Santiam Wagon Road from 1865 to 1914 as well as the auto race of the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition.[27]
In addition to the railroad, there is also a quarry at Hogg Rock and the Santiam Pass Ski Lodge building.[10] Santiam Pass Ski Lodge, constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1939–1940, and operated for 46 years as a ski lodge with overnight dorms and later as a youth camp. In 1986 it was boarded up. It has survived major forest fires in 1968 and 2003, withstanding flames in the latter fire after firefighters swathed it in kevlar sheets. In early 2018, Willamette National Forest issued a Special Use Permit to Dwight and Susan Sheets, Friends of Santiam Pass Ski Lodge to restore the lodge and operate it year-round as a day lodge and rental venue. Funds for restoration project are from private grants and donations. The estimated timeline for the completion of the restoration is 4-5 years.
Recreation
The Hoodoo ski area is located on nearby Hoodoo Butte. Hogg Rock can be reached from a snowshoe trail that starts at the Santiam Pass Sno-Park, which has restrooms and a snow play area for children. Entrance to the Sno-Park requires a permit. There is also a snowmobile trail that moves west from Santiam Lodge and then north at Hogg Rock, traveling along the remnants of Hogg's railroad. It eventually reaches the Hogg Rock summit by passing a trail left of a rock quarry at the mountain. The peak offers views of the Black Butte stratovolcano, Mount Washington, Hoodoo Butte, Sand Mountain, Three Fingered Jack, and Potato Hill.[29] There is a viewpoint on the western slope of Hogg Rock shows forests on Potato Hill and Hoodoo Butte as well as the Hoodoo Ski Area.[30]
Notes
- [a] ^ Dole (1968) claims that Hogg Rock and Hayrick Butte have glassy margins with thicknesses up to 50 feet (15 m).[28]
References
- ^ a b c "Hogg Rock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. November 9, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
- ^ a b c Sherrod et al. 2004, p. 42.
- ^ a b c d Sherrod et al. 2004, p. 22.
- ^ a b c Wood & Kienle 1990, p. 179.
- ^ a b United States Forest Service 1995, p. 15.
- ^ Hughes 1982, p. 79.
- ^ "Three Sisters". Volcano World. Oregon State University. 2018. Archived from the original on November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ Siebert, Simkin & Kimberly 2010, p. 406.
- ^ a b c Priest 1983, p. 136.
- ^ a b c "Hogg Rock". Oregon Websites and Watersheds Project, Inc. 2004. Archived from the original on January 22, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
- ^ Hughes & Taylor 1986, p. 1025.
- ^ Hughes & Taylor 1986, p. 1028.
- ^ a b c Conrey et al. 2002, p. 62.
- ^ Wood & Kienle 1990, p. 178.
- ^ Deligne et al. 2017, p. 34.
- ^ "Three Fingered Jack". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 2013. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Hill & Priest 1992, p. 11.
- ^ Hildreth 2007, p. 44.
- ^ Black, Woller & Ferns 1987.
- ^ Taylor 1981, p. 75.
- ^ Hildreth 2007, p. 26.
- ^ Deligne et al. 2017, p. 42.
- ^ Williams, G. W. (March 17, 2018). "Santiam Pass". The Oregon Encyclopedia. Portland State University and Oregon Historical Society. Archived from the original on November 12, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
- ^ Jensen, Donnelly-Nolan & Mckay 2009, p. 77.
- ^ McArthur & McArthur 1992, p. 416.
- ^ a b c Gordon, G. (March 17, 2018). "Corvallis and Eastern Railroad". The Oregon Encyclopedia. Portland State University and Oregon Historical Society. Archived from the original on November 12, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
- ^ a b c Engemann 2009, p. 332.
- ^ a b c Dole 1968, p. 30.
- ^ Gannett Company. Archivedfrom the original on January 31, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
- ^ Hoodoo Master Plan 1995, p. 3-3.
Sources
- Black, G. L.; Woller, N. M.; Ferns, M. L. (1987). Geological map of the Crescent Mountain area, Linn County, Oregon (Map). 1:62,500. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Geological Map Series GMS-47. Archived from the original on 2021-01-31. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
- "Chapter 3: Affected Environment", Willamette National Forest (N.F.), Hoodoo Master Plan, Linn County: Environmental Impact Statement, United States Forest Service, August 1995, archived from the original on 2021-01-31, retrieved 2018-11-11.
- Conrey, R. M.; Taylor, E. M.; Donnelly-Nolan, J. M.; Sherrod, D. R. (2002), Moore, G. W. (ed.), "North-central Oregon Cascades; exploring petrologic and tectonic intimacy in a propagating intra-arc rift" (PDF), Field guide to geologic processes in Cascadia; field trips to accompany the 98th annual meeting of the Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America, vol. 36, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, pp. 47–90, archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-27, retrieved 2018-11-09.
- Deligne, N. I.; Mckay, D.; Conrey, R. M.; Grant, G. E.; Johnson, E. R.; Sweeney, K. (2017), "Field-Trip Guide to Mafic Volcanism of the Cascade Range in Central Oregon—A Volcanic, Tectonic, Hydrologic, and Geomorphic Journey" (PDF), Scientific Investigations Report, (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-21, retrieved 2018-11-07.
- Dole, H. M., ed. (1968), Andesite Conference guidebook, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, DOGAMI Bulletin 62, archived from the original on 2021-01-31, retrieved 2018-11-09.
- Engemann, R. H. (2009). The Oregon Companion: An Historical Gazetteer of the Useful, the Curious, and the Arcane. Timber Press. ISBN 9780881928990.
- Hildreth, W. (2007), Quaternary Magmatism in the Cascades, Geologic Perspectives, United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1744, archived from the original on 2019-03-25, retrieved 2018-11-08.
- Hill, B. E.; Priest, G. R. (1992), Hill, B. E. (ed.), "Geologic setting of the Santiam Pass area, central Cascade Range, Oregon", Geology and geothermal resources of the Santiam Pass area of the Oregon Cascade Range, Deschutes, Jefferson, and Linn Counties, Oregon, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, pp. 5–18, Open-File Report O-92-3, archived from the original on 2021-01-31, retrieved 2018-11-07.
- Hughes, S. S. (1982). Petrochemical evolution of High Cascade volcanic rocks in the Three Sisters region, Oregon (Thesis). Oregon State University. Archived from the original on 2021-01-31. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
- Hughes, S. S.; Taylor, E. M. (August 1986). "Geochemistry, petrogenesis, and tectonic implications of central High Cascade mafic platform lavas". GSA Bulletin. 97 (8). .
- Jensen, R. A.; Donnelly-Nolan, J. M.; Mckay, D. (January 2009), O'Connor, J. E.; Dorsey, R. J.; Madin, I. P. (eds.), "A field guide to Newberry Volcano, Oregon", Volcanoes to Vineyards: Geologic Field Trips Through the Dynamic Landscape of the Pacific Northwest, ISBN 9780813756158, Geological Society of America Field Guide 15, archivedfrom the original on 2018-10-11, retrieved 2018-11-07.
- McArthur, L. A.; McArthur, L. L. (1992). Oregon Geographic Names (6 ed.). ISBN 978-0875952369.
- Siebert, L.; Simkin, T.; Kimberly, P. (2010). Volcanoes of the World (3 ed.). ISBN 978-0520268777.
- Sherrod, D. R.; Taylor, E. M.; Ferns, M. L.; Scott, W. E.; Conrey, R. M.; Smith, G. A. (2004), Geologic Map of the Bend 30- × 60-Minute Quadrangle, Central Oregon (PDF), United States Geological Survey, Geologic Investigations Series I–2683, archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-03-25, retrieved 2018-11-07.
- Priest, G. R. (December 1983). "A field trip guide to the central Oregon Cascades" (PDF). Ore Bin. 45 (12). Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries: 133–138. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-03-17. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
- Taylor, E. M. (1981), Johnston, D. A.; Donnelly-Nolan, J. (eds.), "Road log for central High Cascade geology, Bend, Sisters, McKenzie Pass, and Santiam Pass, Oregon" (PDF), Guides to some Volcanic Terranes in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and Northern California, United States Geological Survey, pp. 59–83, Circular 838, archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-21, retrieved 2018-11-07.
- Willamette National Forest (N.F.), Santiam Pass Forest Health Project, Linn County: Environmental Impact Statement, United States Forest Service, May 1995, archived from the original on 2021-01-31, retrieved 2018-11-08.
- Wood, C. A.; Kienle, J., eds. (1990). Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada. ISBN 978-0521438117.