House of Dunkeld

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The House of Dunkeld (in

Scottish kings
from 1034 to 1040 and from 1058 to 1286. The line is also variously referred to by historians as "The Canmores" and "MacMalcolm".

It is dynastically sort of a continuation to

Dalriada, then that of Alba) against the Cenél Loairn, the later House of Moray for the preceding four or more centuries. The Cenél nGabráin were represented by the House of Alpin before Dunkeld.[1]

Sir

Cenél nEógain.[3] This does not exclude Crínán's descendants from also being a (female line) continuation of the Cenél nGabráin through Bethóc
.

The Dunkeld dynasty is genealogically based on Duncan I of Scotland being of a different agnatic clan to his predecessor and maternal grandfather Malcolm II of Scotland. However, sociohistorically, the reign of Duncan's son Malcolm III of Scotland, which happens to coincide with the start of the centuries-long period of strong influence from the southern neighbour, the Kingdom of England, has been seen as a more important place to start.

Time and features

During the time of House of Dunkeld, succession to the Scottish throne evolved towards primogeniture instead of the Irish-Celtic tradition of tanistry and the Pictish traditions (whether they were matrilineal or not). Although the contemporaries did not have a common name for these monarchs, they were a family who formed a hereditary kingship.

Distinctive characteristics of the developments of society during this dynasty:

The Dunkeld dynasty rose to rule in a time when the kingdom was fragmented, under increasing outside threats, and some monarchs started to initiate more centralized government.

The Dunkelds came to power after the two centuries of civil unrest under the

Margaret, princess of Norway. Fearing the influence of king Eric II of Norway, her father, and another endless civil war, the Scottish nobles appealed to Edward I of England. Margaret was betrothed to the future Edward II of England
, but died shortly afterwards on her arrival to Scotland.

The dynasty ended at a time when immigrant-originated feudal families had reached a level of prosperity almost as high as the kings and the beneficiaries of feudal system desired for a sufficient guarantee of their positions, rights and properties - even at the cost of national independence.

Kings of the House of Dunkeld

Alexander III of ScotlandAlexander II of ScotlandWilliam I of ScotlandMalcolm IV of ScotlandDavid I of ScotlandAlexander I of ScotlandEdgar of ScotlandDuncan II of ScotlandDonald III of ScotlandMalcolm III of ScotlandDuncan I of Scotland
  1. Duncan I
    , r. 1034-1040
  2. Malcolm III
    , r. 1058-1093
  3. Donald III
    , r. 1093-1094 and 1094-1097
  4. Duncan II
    , r. 1094
  5. Edgar
    , r. 1097-1107
  6. Alexander I, r. 1107-1124
  7. David I, r. 1124-1153
  8. Malcolm IV, r. 1153-1165
  9. William I
    , r.1165-1214
  10. Alexander II, r.1214-1249
  11. Alexander III, r.1249-1286
  12. Margaret, r.1286

On Alexander III's death his granddaughter Margaret (Maid of Norway) was recognised as "right heir", as had been agreed in Alexander's lifetime, but she was never inaugurated as Queen of Scots.

See also

References

  1. ^ Windsor, Grace Scottish Monarchs: The House of Dunkeld, 1093 - 1286, Including Donald III, Duncan II, Alexander I, II and III, David I and More. 2011.
  2. ^ Sir Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk, The Highland Clans. Part II. 1982. p. 236
  3. ISBN 9781527510890
    .
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