FitzGerald dynasty
The FitzGerald dynasty is a
The main branches of the family are:
- The FitzMaurices and FitzGeralds of Kildare (Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster.
- The Fitzmaurices and FitzGeralds of Desmond (Barons Desmond, later Earls of Desmond).
Overview
The progenitor of the Irish FitzGerald dynasty was a Cambro-Norman
The FitzGeralds claim kinship with the
In his poetry,
During the
In Irish history, an example of the FitzGerald dynasty becoming "more Irish than the Irish themselves" is Gerald FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond (1335–1398), who was also known by the Irish Gaelic Gearóid Iarla (Earl Gerald).[19][20] Although made Lord Chief Justice of Ireland in 1367,[20] Gerald wrote poetry in the Irish language, most famously the poem Mairg adeir olc ris na mnáibh[19] ("Speak not ill of womenkind"). Indeed, although an accomplished poet in Norman French,[20] Gerald was instrumental in the move by the Fitzmaurices and Fitzgeralds of Desmond toward greater use of the Irish language.[19]
Modern times
Many members of the Fitzmaurices also became notable over the centuries, such as
The present-day seat of the Irish Parliament
Cambro-Norman origins
The surname FitzGerald is a patronymic of the Norman form, fitz meaning "son". "Fitz Gerald" thus means in Old Norman and in Old French "son of Gerald". Gerald itself is a Germanic compound of ger, "spear", and waltan, "rule". Variant spellings include Fitz-Gerald and the modern Fitzgerald. The name can also appear as two separate words Fitz Gerald.
The earliest recorded use of the
Gerald was the youngest son of another Norman adventurer,
The most renowned of Gerald's and Nest's grandchildren,
Gherardini of Ireland
The earliest record of the
Confirmed as well in 1507 by the
Since the 15th century, the FitzGeralds and the Gherardinis are known to be in touch and to acknowledge their kinship.
Major houses
House of Kildare
Lords of Offaly
- John Plantagenet
- Maurice Fitzmaurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly (1194–1257), Justiciar of Ireland, accompanied King Henry of Winchester to Poitou and Gascony in France
- Edward Longshanks about the wars in Ireland with Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster
Earls of Kildare
- John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare (1250–1316), already 4th Lord of Offaly, was rewarded for serving Edward I of England in Scotland
- Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare (died 1328), younger (only surviving) son of the 1st Earl, in charge of 30,000 men against Earl Edward Bruce, brother of King Robert the Bruce
- John FitzGerald (1314–1323), eldest son of the 2nd Earl, died in childhood
- Richard FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Kildare(1317–1329), second son of the 2nd Earl, died unmarried
- Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare (1318–1390), third and youngest son of the 2nd Earl, leader of the army, serving King Edward of Windsor at the siege of Calais
- Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare (died 1410), a son of the 4th Earl, leading opponent of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
- The 5th Earl had sons, but they presumably predeceased him
- John FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Kildare (de jure; d. 1427), a younger son of the 4th Earl
- Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York
- Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare (c. 1456–1513), "The Great Earl", eldest son of the 7th earl, was "the uncrowned King of Ireland", he married a cousin of the Tudor King Henry VII
- Edward IV
- Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare (died 1537), "Silken Thomas", eldest son of the 9th earl, led an insurrection in Ireland and his honours were forfeit, and he died unmarried
- Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare (1525–1585), the "Wizard Earl", second son of the 9th earl, was given a new creation in 1554, then restored to his brother's honours in 1569
- Henry FitzGerald, 12th Earl of Kildare (1562–1597), second son of the 11th earl, died without male issue, married a daughter of Charles Howard, the Lord High Admiral who won the Spanish Armada
- William FitzGerald, 13th Earl of Kildare (died 1599), third and youngest son of the 11th earl, died unmarried
- Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Kildare (died 1612), elder son of Edward, himself third and youngest son of the 9th earl, his mother was Countess Elizabeth Grey, a cousin of Henry VIII
- Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Kildare(1611–1620), only son of the 14th earl, died in childhood
- George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare (1612–1660), a son of Thomas, himself younger brother of the 14th earl, his grandfather Thomas Randolph negotiated the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots
- House of De Vere
- John FitzGerald, 18th Earl of Kildare (1661–1707), only son of the 17th earl, died without surviving issue, married a granddaughter of George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny of the House of Stuart
- Henry FitzGerald, Lord Offaly (1683–1684), only son of the 18th earl, died in infancy
- Robert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of Kildare (1675–1744), only son of Robert, himself younger son of the 16th earl, married a granddaughter of Sir Edward Villiers, member of the powerful House of Villiers
- Henrietta Maria de Bourbon
- Lettice FitzGerald, 1st Baroness Offaly, suo jure Baroness Offaly (1580–1658), her maternal great-grandmother was Mary Boleyn, elder sister of Queen Anne Boleyn
- American War of Independence
- Lady Edward FitzGerald, known as "Pamela" (c. 1773–1831), wife of Lord Edward FitzGerald, adopted daughter of comtesse Stéphanie Félicité, family fled France during the French Revolution
Marquesses of Kildare (1761)
- James FitzGerald, 1st Marquess of Kildare (1722–1773) was created Duke of Leinster in 1766
Dukes of Leinster, second Creation (1766)
- Other titles: Marquesse of Kildare (1761), Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747) and Lord of Offaly (c. 1193–?)
- King George III, and a granddaughter of Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond
- William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster (1749–1804), second son of the 1st duke, his grandson Philippe de Rohan-Chabot, Comte de Jarnac, was a member of the French House of Rohan
- George FitzGerald, Marquess of Kildare (1783–1784), eldest son of the 2nd duke, died in infancy
- William IV and Queen Victoria
- Other titles (4th Duke onwards): Baron Kildare (UK 1870)
- Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster (1819–1887), eldest son of the 3rd duke, married a daughter of Duke George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, her grandfather the 1st Duke was the wealthiest man in Britain
- George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, and Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster
- Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster (1887–1922), eldest son of the 5th duke, died unmarried, grandson of William Duncombe, 1st Earl of Feversham
- Edward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of Leinster (1892–1976), third and youngest son of the 5th duke, married actress Denise Orme, grandmother of Prince Aga Khan IV, was stepfather of Princess Taj-ud-dawlah
- Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Duke of Leinster (1914–2004), only legitimate son of the 7th duke, his step-sister married Prince Aly Khan, son of Sultan Aga Khan III, President of the League of Nations
- Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster (born 1948), elder son of the 8th duke, landscape designer, brother of Lord John FitzGerald, horseracing administrator of the Sheikh of Dubai, Mohammed Bin Rashid
- road traffic collision
- The heir presumptive is the 9th Duke's nephew Edward FitzGerald (born 1988), being the son of the present Duke's deceased younger brother Lord John FitzGerald (1952–2015)
House of Desmond
The line of the Earls of Desmond has been extinct since the 17th century. Their branch of the dynasty continues only in their distant collateral kinsmen, Ireland's hereditary knights (for whom see section below).
Barons Desmond (1259)
- John FitzThomas, 1st Baron Desmond (died 1261) son of Thomas FitzMaurice, Lord OConnello, fought the King of Desmond Finghin Mac Cárthaigh and the O'Sullivans
- Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baron Desmond (died 1298) (grandson of preceding), was deputy justiciar and acted as Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
- Thomas FitzThomas FitzGerald, 3rd Baron Desmond (1290–1307) (son of preceding), died young with great wealth and large estates
- Maurice FitzThomas FitzGerald, 4th Baron Desmond (died 1356) (brother of preceding; created earl of Desmond in 1329), married a daughter of the Prince of Thomond
Earls of Desmond, First creation (1329)
- Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond (died 1356) (new creation), assisted in the war against King Philip VI of France of the House of Valois
- Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Desmond (1336–1358) (son of preceding), married the daughter of Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford,
- Gerald FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond (died 1398) (half-brother of preceding), in-law of Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, of the House of Plantagenet
- Edward Longshanks
- Thomas FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Desmond (c. 1386–1420) (son of preceding), withdrew to France and died at Rouen, buried in Paris with two Kings in attendance
- George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence
- Edward IV of the House of York
- James FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Desmond (1459–1487) (son of preceding), married to a daughter of Thady O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, received gifts from King Richard III
- Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Desmond (died 1520) (brother of preceding), supported Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the English throne, in the Siege of Waterford
- James FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Desmond (died 1529) (son of preceding), fought in the War of the League of Cognac for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor of the House of Habsburg
- Thomas FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Desmond (1454–1534) (paternal uncle of preceding), signed the Treaty of Dingle with Don Gonzalez Fernandez, Ambassador of Emperor Charles V
- John FitzGerald, de facto 12th Earl of Desmond (died 1536) (brother of preceding, paternal granduncle of James FitzGerald, de jure 12th Earl of Desmond)
- James FitzGerald, de jure 12th Earl of Desmond (died 1540) (grandson of Thomas FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Desmond, grandnephew of John FitzGerald, de facto 12th Earl of Desmond)
- Lord Treasurer of Ireland by King Edward Tudor
- Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond (c. 1533–1583) (son of preceding; forfeit 1582), fought in the Battle of Affane and led the Second Desmond Rebellion
16th Earl of Desmond, appointed by Hugh O'Neill (1598–1601)
- James FitzThomas FitzGerald the Sugán Earl, died in Tower of London c.1607, was chased by George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes
Earls of Desmond, Second creation (1600)
- James FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond (1571–1601) (known as the "Tower Earl of Desmond"), son of Eleanor Butler, Countess of Desmond
Lords of Decies
- Gerald Fitzgerald, 3rd Lord Decies, married to a daughter of Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond, member of the House of Butler
FitzMaurice of Kerry
The closely related FitzMaurice Barons and later
House of Corsygedol
The House of Corsygedol (
Its cadet branches are the House of Yale (Yale family) of Plas-yn-Yale, and the Hughes of Gwerclas of Gwerclas, native royal families of the Mathrafal dynasty.[49][50] Their coat of arms are those of Osborn Fitzgerald ; viz. erm. on saltire gu. a crescent or. Crest is a wild boar in a toil.[51][47]
Hereditary knights
These three
- Knight of Kerry (Green Knight) – the holder is Sir Adrian FitzGerald, 6th Baronet of Valencia, 24th Knight of Kerry. He is also a Knight of Malta, and President of the Irish Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
- Knight of Glin (Black Knight) – dormant (from 2011), after the death of Desmond FitzGerald, 29th Knight of Glin, the ancestral seat for over 700 years is Glin Castle.
- White Knight (Fitzgibbon family) – dormant (from 1611), after the death of Maurice Oge Fitzgibbon, 12th White Knight.
Legacy
According to the 1890 Matheson report, Fitzgerald/FitzGerald was the 36th most common surname in Ireland.[53]
Fitzgerald/FitzGerald is the 692nd most frequent surname in the United Kingdom.[54] The surname occurs most frequently in the following ten counties, in descending order, with the number of occurrences in parentheses: "1. Greater London, (500), Greater Manchester (191), West Midlands (176), Lancashire (130), Kent (118), Essex (117), West Yorkshire (113), Merseyside (108), Hampshire (84), and Surrey (76)."[54]
"Fitzgerald" (including "FitzGerald," as the survey was not case-sensitive),[55] was the 390th most common surname in the 2000 United States census.[55] 73,522 Fitzgeralds were counted, with 27.25 Fitzgeralds per 100,000 members of the population.[55] Respondents surnamed Fitzgerald had self-reported ethnicities of 88.03% non-Hispanic white only, 8.44% non-Hispanic black only, 0.32% non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander only, 1.28% non-Hispanic Asian only, 1.43% of two or more non-Hispanic races, and 1.43% Hispanic.[55]
The FitzGerald dynasty was the subject of a poem called "The Geraldines" by Thomas Osborne Davis, the chief organizer and poet of the nationalist Young Ireland movement. The ill-fated romance of Thomas FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Desmond with Catherine MacCormac was the subject[56] of the air "Desmond's Song"[57] by the Irish poet Thomas Moore.
Saint Patrick's Saltire, sometimes used to represent Ireland in modern flags, may have derived from the arms of the Geraldines.[58]
The Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Fitzgerald in the United States Navy is named for Lieutenant William Charles Fitzgerald, USN. The Fitzgerald family coat of arms (a white shield with a red saltire) provides the foundation for the coat of arms for USS Fitzgerald.
A variety of people, places, and businesses bear the name FitzGerald or Fitzgerald, including the FitzGerald crater on the far side of the Moon, named for physicist George FitzGerald.
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See also
- Irish nobility
- Hiberno-Norman
- FitzGerald baronets
- Butler–FitzGerald dispute
References
- ^ "Milo Fitzgerald, Baron of Enisnag".
- ^ a b "The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Volume 22 De Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland". 1892.
- ^ John O'Hart (1892). "irish Pedigrees; or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation, volume 1, 5th edition". Library Ireland.
- ^ Dr Bertie George Charles, (1908–2000). "FITZGERALD, MAURICE (died 1176), one of the conquerors of Ireland". Dictionary of Welsh Biography.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ A Hand-book of Mottoes Borne by the Nobility, Gentry, Cities, Public Companies, &c. Bell and Daldy. 1860. p. 35. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Walter 'The history of Morett Castle and the Fitzgeralds', Journal of the Kildare Archaeological Society IV 1903-5 285-96 National Library of Ireland
- ^ a b McCarthy, John K. "Castles in Space: An Exploration of the Space in and Around the Tower Houses of South-East Kilkenny by John K McCarthy".
- ^ "Ireland's Own – E-zine issue 5799, Galway through the ages".
- ISBN 9780349141954.
- ISBN 9780752437712.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link - ^ Graves, James, and Samuel Heyman, editors. "Unpublished Geraldine Documents, The Whyte Knight." The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland, vol. IV, pg 37. Dublin University Press, Ireland. 1885, p. 3-27-37
- ^ Sir Burke, Bernard, C.B. LL.D. A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire, new edition, (1866), p. 204, [author states, "Maurice FitzGerald by his wife Alice, dau. of Arnolph de Montgomery (by his wife Lafracoth, dau. of Murrough O'Brien, King of Munster) he had issue,"].
- ISBN 0300098294. : page 155
- ^ D.B Quinn, 'English Policy in Irish Affairs, 1520-34', 665
- ^ 9D.B Quinn, 'Henry VIII and Ireland, 1509-1534', 323-324
- ^ Dunlop, Robert (1889). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 19. pp. 125–126.
- ^ a b c Joachim Eibach (Bern) (2012). Gerald Power, A European frontier elite: the nobility of the English Pale in Tudor Ireland, 1496-1566, The Formation of Europe Historische Formationen Europas Vol. 4 | Band 4, Wehrhahn Verlag, p. 24
- ^ Moore, T. "The Romantic Wanderings of Gerald, 11th Earl of Kildare." The Irish Monthly, vol. 46, no. 542, 1918, pp. 433–48. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20505105. Accessed 13 Aug. 2023. p. 446
- ^ a b c "Gearóid Iarla FitzGerald (1335–1398)". Archived from the original on 11 March 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c Webb, Alfred. A Compendium of Irish Biography. Dublin: 1878.
- ^ a b Lansdowne House, Berkeley Square, London, Mark Meredith, 2020
- ^ a b Ritcheson, Charles R. (August 1983). "The Earl of Shelbourne and Peace with America, 1782–1783: Vision and Reality",The International History Review
- ^ Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th marquess of Lansdowne, British diplomat, Encyclopedia Britannica
- ^ James Hoban: Designer and Builder of the White House, The White House Historical Association, Stewart McLaurin, 2021
- ^ The Impact of Ireland's Architects, from the Pritzker Prize to the White House, Architect Features, Niall Patrick Walsh, Mars 17, 2022
- ^ B. Philipp Bigler (2023). James Hoban, Irish architect, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Arts & Culture, Article History
- ^ Leinster House, The White House Historical Association, James Malton, 1792, British Library Board.
- ^ Ponsonby and Murphy (1879). The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland. Fourth series. Vol. IV. The Association of Ireland. pp. 247–257. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
- ^ Ponsonby and Murphy (1879). The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland. Fourth series. Vol. IV. The Association of Ireland. p. 247. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ a b Sir John Thomas Gilbert (1865). History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times. James Duffy. pp. 334–336. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ Ponsonby and Murphy (1879). The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland. Fourth series. Vol. IV. The Association of Ireland. pp. 247–248. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ Sir John Thomas Gilbert (1865). History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times. James Duffy. pp. 473–474. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ Sir John Thomas Gilbert (1865). History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times. James Duffy. pp. 473–474.
- ^ Ponsonby and Murphy (1879). The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland. Fourth series. Vol. IV. The Association of Ireland. p. 249. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ Ponsonby and Murphy (1879). The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland. Fourth series. Vol. IV. The Association of Ireland. p. 249. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- JSTOR 25506713.
- Brunelleschi; Buondelmonti; Caponsacchi; Donati; Fifanti; Gherardini of Montagliari; Guidi; Nerli; Porcelli; Scolari; Uberti; Visdomini. See: Jean-Claude Maire Vigueur and Andrea Zorzi ("Il gruppo dirigente fiorentino nell'età consolare" n "Archivio Storico", CLXII (2004), p. 210.
- ^ Ponsonby and Murphy (1879). The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland. Fourth series. Vol. IV. The Association of Ireland. pp. 247–263. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ "The earls of Kildare and their ancestors" by the Marquise of Kildare. Hodges, Smith & Co., Dublin 1858; "La leggenda dei tre Valdesani conquistatori dell'Irlanda", V. Uzielli, Firenze 1906. To see also: "I Gherardini ed il Castello di Montagliari" C. Corazzini, Firenze, 1898 and for a summary of the documentation available in the archives, see "Unpublished Gherardini documents" by Samuel Hayman
- ^ Sir John Thomas Gilbert (1865). History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times. James Duffy. p. 612. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ Ponsonby and Murphy (1879). The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland. Fourth series. Vol. IV. The Association of Ireland. pp. 246–247. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
- ^ a b Dublin, Trinity College. "Contribution of Fitzgerald Dynasty Examined at Conference". tcd.ie.
- ^ Sette, Corriere della Sera, 28 March 2014, n.13. Cover: "Kennedy, l'Italiano". Title of the article at page 28: "Dall'America a Firenze passando per l'Irlanda. Così andando a ritroso fino ai "figli di Gerald" abbiamo ritrovato Kennedy "l'italiano".
- ^ Archaeologia Cambrensis, Index to 'Archaeologia Cambrensis', 1901-1960. Vol. 8. 1846. p. 405.
- ^ "The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time". 1884. p. 355.
- ^ a b Philip Yorke (1887). "The royal tribes of Wales; To which is added an account of The fifteen tribes of north Wales. With numerous additions and notes, preface and index". Liverpool I. Foulkes. pp. 16–17.
- ^ a b The History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Biographical, The American Historical Society, New York, 1920, p. 51-52
- ^ Davies, William Llywelyn. "Vaughan family of Corsygedol, in the parish of Llanddwywe, Meironnydd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
- ^ Sir Bernard Burke (1886). "A Genealogical History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland". Harrison and Sons, Pall Mall, Voll II. 7th edition. p. 2060. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ Burke, Bernard (1852). "A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland for 1852". pp. 1662–1663.
- ^ Burke, John; Burke, Bernard (1844). "Encyclopædia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms".
- ^ John O'Donovan, "The Descendants of the Last Earls of Desmond", Ulster Journal of Archaeology, Volume 6. 1858.
- ^ "The 100 Most Popular Surnames in Ireland". ireland-information.com.
- ^ a b "Free Family Tree, Genealogy, Family History, and DNA Testing". MyHeritage. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. [dead link]
- ^ a b c d "Genealogy Data: Frequently Occurring Surnames from Census 2000 – U.S. Census Bureau". 21 December 2009. Archived from the original on 21 December 2009.
- ^ Webb, Alfred. A Compendium of Irish Biography. Dublin: 1878.
- ^ Moore, Thomas, The poetical works of Thomas Moore, including melodies, ballads, etc.. Philadelphia: 1835. p. 349
- ISBN 0-906187-01-X.
External links
- Media related to FitzGerald dynasty at Wikimedia Commons