Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | PDI-P/PDIP, PDI Perjuangan |
General Chairwoman | Megawati Sukarnoputri |
Secretary-General | Hasto Kristiyanto |
DPR group leader | Utut Adianto |
Founded | 10 January 1973 15 February 1999 (as PDI-P) | (as PDI)
Split from | PDI (de facto)[1] |
Headquarters | Jakarta |
Youth wing | BMI (Indonesian Young Bulls) TMP (Red-White Cadets) |
Muslim wing | Bamusi (Indonesian Muslims Abode) |
Membership (2022) | 478,008[2] |
Ideology | |
Political position | Centre[13] to centre-left[14][5] |
National affiliation | Onward Indonesia Coalition Alliance of Parties |
International affiliation | Progressive Alliance[15] |
Regional affiliation | Network of Social Democracy in Asia[16] Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats |
Slogan | Kerja Kita, Kerja Indonesia (Our Work, Indonesia's Work) |
Anthem |
|
Ballot number | 3 |
DPR seats | 128 / 575 |
DPRD I seats | 418 / 2,232 |
DPRD II seats | 2,803 / 17,340 |
Website | |
pdiperjuangan | |
The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (
In 1996, Megawati was
It is a member of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats, the Network of Social Democracy in Asia, and the Progressive Alliance.
History
Origins
At the 1993 National Congress, Megawati Sukarnoputri was elected Chairperson of the Indonesian Democratic Party, one of the three political parties recognised by President Suharto's "New Order" government. This result was not recognised by the government, which continued to push for Budi Harjono, its preferred candidate for the chairpersonship, to be elected. A Special Congress was held where the government expected to have Harjono elected, but Megawati once again emerged as elected leader. Her position was consolidated further when a PDI National Assembly ratified the results of the congress.
In June 1996, another National Congress was held in the city of Medan, to which Megawati was not invited; anti-Megawati members were in attendance. With the government's backing, Suryadi, a former chairperson was re-elected as PDI's Chairperson. Megawati refused to acknowledge the results of this congress and continued to see herself as the rightful leader of the PDI.
On the morning of 27 July 1996, Suryadi threatened to take back PDI's headquarters in Jakarta.[17] Suryadi's supporters (reportedly with the Government's backing) attacked the PDI Headquarters and faced resistance from Megawati supporters who had been stationed there since the National Congress in Medan. In the ensuing clash, Megawati's supporters managed to hold on to the headquarters. A riot ensued – at that stage considered the worst that Jakarta had seen during the "New Order" – which was followed by a government crackdown. The government later blamed the riots on the Democratic People's Party (PRD). Despite being overthrown as chairperson by Suryadi and the government, the event lifted Megawati's profile immensely, providing both sympathy and national popularity.
The PDI was now divided into two factions, Megawati's and Suryadi's. The former had wanted to participate in the
1999–2004: Election victory, the Wahid–Megawati administrations, and splits
PDI-P was by far the most popular political party coming into the
The First PDI-P Congress was held in
Although it had not supported Wahid for presidency, PDI-P members received ministerial positions in his cabinet because of Megawati's position as vice president. As time went on, much like the Central Axis that had supported Wahid, PDI-P would grow disillusioned with him. In April 2000, Laksamana Sukardi, a PDI-P member who held position as Minister of Investments and State Owned Enterprises was sacked from his position. When PDI-P enquired as to why this was done, Wahid claimed it was because of corruption but never backed up his claim. The relationship improved somewhat when later in the year, when Wahid authorized Megawati to manage the day-to-day running of the government. However, she and PDI-P had slowly but surely started to distance themselves from Wahid and join forces with the Central Axis. Finally, in July 2001 at a Special Session of the MPR, Wahid was removed as president. Megawati was then elected as president to replace him with Hamzah as her vice president, becoming Indonesia's first female president. They party, however, faced further splits after Megawati became president with more disillusioned members leaving the party. Two of them were Megawati's own sisters. In May 2002, Sukmawati Sukarnoputri formed the Indonesian National Party Marhaenism (PNI-Marhaenisme). This was followed in November 2002, with Rachmawati Sukarnoputri declaring the formation of the Pioneers' Party (PP).
2004–2014: Opposition to the Yudhoyono administration
By 2004, the reformist sentiments that had led PDI-P to victory in the 1999 elections had died down. Many were disappointed with what the reform process had achieved thus far and were also disappointed with Megawati's presidency. This was reflected in the
On 28 March 2005, the second PDI-P Congress was held in
The party came third in the
2014–2023: Return to power, the Jokowi administration, and factional rivalry
In March 2014, the party nominated Jakarta governor Joko Widodo as its presidential candidate, with Jusuf Kalla as his running mate. The pairing won with 53.15% of the vote,[21] and PDI-P returned as the largest party in the DPR, winning nearly 19% of the vote.[22]
In April 2019, incumbent president Joko Widodo was the party's presidential candidate running for a second term, with Ma'ruf Amin as his running mate. Widodo won a second term with 55.50% of the vote.[23] PDI-P remained the largest party in the DPR, winning 19.33% of the vote.[24]
In preparation for the 2024 Indonesian general election, the party split over the choice of a presidential candidate. Younger party members opposed Puan Maharani, the older generation's preference, in favor of Ganjar Pranowo. Despite his popularity, Pranowo declared he wouldn't run.[25][26] On October 9, 2021, Bambang Wuryanto urged unity under the Banteng (Javanese for "bull") command for Maharani supporters, labeling dissenters as Celeng (Javanese for "wild boar").[27] In response, young members launched the Barisan Celeng Berjuang ("Fighting Boars Front") campaign on October 12, 2021, criticizing Wuryanto and the Central Board.[28][29][30] They adopted a flag with an inverted color scheme as a symbol of defiance.[31][32] On October 15, 2021, the PDI-P Central Board sanctioned members from both sides for attempting to bypass the leadership's decision-making process, emphasizing that only Megawati could decide the official presidential nominee and urging an end to the rivalry.[33]
2023–present: Ganjar's nomination, worsening ties between PDI-P and Jokowi
On 21 April 2023, Ganjar was officially nominated by PDI-P as its presidential candidate.[34] On 22 October, Gibran Rakabuming Raka–an active member of the party and the son of Jokowi–was officially nominated by the Advanced Indonesia Coalition as the vice-presidential candidate for Prabowo Subianto, after a controversial decision by the Constitutional Court allowed him to run. In November, Gibran was expelled from the party. In the following months, some members and politicians from PDI-P began to attack Jokowi. During the party's anniversary celebration held on 10 January 2024, Megawati indirectly criticized "power hungry" leaders. Observers believe that her statement is directed towards Jokowi, who was not invited to the event. She asserted that PDI-P had triumphed in the two preceding elections due to the people's backing, rather than owing to Jokowi's influence.[35]
Jokowi's alleged preference towards Prabowo Subianto over the party's nominee Ganjar Pranowo had caused splits to occur within the party. Members such as Budiman Sudjatmiko, Bobby Nasution, and Maruarar Sirait had left the party due to their support to Prabowo Subianto.[36]
On 22 April 2024, in aftermath of Constitutional Court rejection over all claims and disputes related to the 2024 presidential election, PDI-P Honor Council declared that both Jokowi and Gibran no longer PDI-P member,[37][38] thus confirming their separation from PDI-P.
Political identities
Ideology
The 2008 Law on Political Parties states that political parties are allowed to include specific characteristics that reflect their political aspirations, as long as they do not contradict
Political positions
PDI-P supports the separation of religion and the state.[55] It rejects regional regulations (perda) based on religion (such as Sharia-based perda), except for the Aceh region.[56] PDI-P endorses gender equality and women's rights.[57] It rejects a three-term extension for President Jokowi.[58] The party also proclaims itself as the party of the "ordinary people".[59]
According to its website, the party aims to realize the aims contained in the preamble to the 1945 Constitution in the form of a just and prosperous society and to bring about an Indonesia that is socially just as well as politically sovereign and economically self-sufficient, and that is Indonesian in character and culture.[60] At the party's fourth congress in 2015, PDIP issued a seven-point statement entitled "Realizing Great Indonesia, an Indonesia that is Truly Independent", in which it committed itself to oversee the program of the central government. They emphasize the Trisakti path as essential for political sovereignty, economic self-reliance, and cultural identity. It aims to revive national dignity, collaboration, and social justice while solidifying itself as a political force and underlining its support for the poor and battling structural poverty.[61]
The PDI-P parliamentary group in the DPR have expressed their opinions on a few issues:
Year | Bills | Votes | Party stances/Other views |
---|---|---|---|
2019 | Revision of Law on the Corruption Eradication Commission RUU KPK |
||
2022 | Law on Sexual Violence Crimes RUU TPKS |
PDI-P urges comprehensive implementation of the bill, emphasizing not only legal enforcement but also addressing obstacles faced by victims. They stress a focus on prevention and protection, integrating measures for evidence, knowledge, law enforcement, infrastructure, safe houses, rehabilitation, and community safety.[62] | |
2022 | Law on State Capital RUU IKN |
PDI-P asserts that the defense system in the future national capital should adhere to standards of strength, capabilities, and security to uphold the nation's integrity and maritime security.[63] | |
2022 | Revision of the Indonesian Criminal Code RUU KUHP |
PDI-P urges judges and law enforcement to exercise caution when applying Article 2 (paragraphs 1 and 2) and Articles 46 to 51. For adultery cases, PDI-P requests written consent from spouses, parents, or children before filing a criminal report under that article.[64] | |
2023 | Omnibus Law on Job Creation RUU Cipta Kerja |
PDI-P was among the parties that supported the bill.[65] |
Electoral support
The 2008 survey by
Leadership structure
The following is the composition of the PDI Perjuangan management for the 2019-2024 working period as a result of the V Congress at the Inna Grand Bali Beach Hotel, Bali, 10 August 2019:
- Party Chairwoman: Megawati Soekarnoputri
- Chairman of the Central Leadership Council:
- Party Honorary Field: Komarudin Watubun
- Government, Security and Defense Sector: Puan Maharani
- Foreign Affairs: Ahmad Basarah
- Election Winning: Bambang Wuryanto
- Ideology and Cadre Generation: Djarot Saiful Hidayat
- Membership and Organization Field: Sukur Nababan
- Human Rights Law and Legislation: Yasonna Laoly
- Economic Sector: Said Abdullah
- Forestry and Environmental Sector: I Made Urip
- Maritime Affairs: Rokhmin Dahuri
- Social Sector and Disaster Management: Ribka Tjiptaning
- Industry, Employment and Social Security Sector: Nusirwan Sujono
- Health and Children: Sri Rahayu
- Education and Culture: Tri Rismaharini
- Cooperative Sector: Mindo Sianipar
- Tourism: Sarwo Budi Wiryanti Sukamdani
- Youth and Sports Sector: Eriko Sotarduga
- Field of Religion and Belief: Hamka Haq
- MSME, Creative and Digital Economy: Muhammad Prananda Prabowo
- Secretary General: Hasto Kristiyanto
- Deputy for Internal Affairs: Utut Adianto
- Deputy for Community Programs: Sadarestuwati
- Deputy for Government Programs: Arief Wibowo
- Treasurer: Olly Dondokambey
- Deputy for Internal Affairs: Rudianto Tjen
- Deputy for Program: Juliari Batubara (inactive)
Wing organizations
PDI-P wing organizations include the following:
- Baitul Muslimin Indonesia (BAMUSI, Indonesian Muslim Abode)
- Banteng Muda Indonesia (BMI, Indonesian Young Bulls)
- Taruna Merah Putih (TMP, Red and White Cadets)
- Relawan Perjuangan Demokrasi (Repdem, Volunteers for Democratic Struggle)
- Komunitas Indonesia Tionghoa Perjuangan (KITA Perjuangan, Chinese Indonesian Community of Struggle)
- Gerakan Nelayan Tani Indonesia (GANTI, Indonesian Fishermen Farmers Movement)
Election results
Legislative election results
Election | Ballot number | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Party leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | 11 | 153 / 500
|
35,689,073 | 33.74%[71] | 153 seats, Governing coalition | Megawati Sukarnoputri |
2004 | 18 | 109 / 550
|
21,026,629 | 18.53%[72] | 44 seats, Opposition | Megawati Sukarnoputri |
2009 | 28 | 95 / 560
|
14,600,091 | 14.03%[72] | 14 seats, Opposition | Megawati Sukarnoputri |
2014 | 4 | 109 / 560
|
23,681,471 | 18.95%[22] | 14 seats, Governing coalition | Megawati Sukarnoputri |
2019 | 3 | 128 / 575
|
27,053,961 | 19.33%[73] | 19 seats, Governing coalition | Megawati Sukarnoputri |
2024 | 3 | 110 / 580
|
25,387,279 | 16.72% | 18 seats, TBA | Megawati Sukarnoputri |
Presidential election results
Election | Ballot number | Candidate | Running mate | 1st round (Total votes) |
Share of votes | Outcome | 2nd round (Total votes) |
Share of votes | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | 2 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | Hasyim Muzadi | 31,569,104 | 26.61% | Runoff | 44,990,704 | 39.38% | Lost |
2009 | 1 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | Prabowo Subianto | 32,548,105 | 26.79% | Lost | |||
2014 | 2 | Joko Widodo[74] | Jusuf Kalla | 70,997,833 | 53.15% | Elected | |||
2019 | 01 | Joko Widodo | Ma'ruf Amin | 85,607,362 | 55.50% | Elected | |||
2024 | 03 | Ganjar Pranowo | Mahfud MD | 27,040,878 | 16.47% | Lost |
Note: Bold text indicates party member
References
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- ^ a b c Emmerson 2015, p. 351: "...respective leaders of the first-place secular-nationalist PDI-P...
- ^ a b c d Bulkin 2013: "...PDI-P has consistently represented itself as the populist, secular-nationalist, "pro-poor" voice of the opposition."
- ^ a b c Chen 2019: "...focus on minority issues used to be shared by other traditionally nationalist, centre-left parties like the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P)."
- ^ a b Aspinall 2010: "The PDI-P is at core an archetypal populist party, with a typically populist social base that was very much on display in Bali."
- ^ a b Bland 2020, p. 19: "But, fatefully, Jokowi opted for the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), the party of former president Megawati. Representing itself as populist and pro-poor, it was a good fit for Jokowi's campaign style."
- ^ a b Sinambela 2023: "Meski PDIP berhaluan kiri, namun Hasto tak setuju mereka berideologi sosialis atau komunis melainkan bercermin progresivitas." Translation: "While PDIP is left-leaning, Hasto disagrees with labeling them as socialist or communist; he views them as progressive."
- ^ Nurjaman, Asep (2009). "Peta Baru Ideologi Partai Politik Indonesia". Bestar. Retrieved 13 November 2022 – via Neliti.com.
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... election was won by Joko Widodo, the candidate of the predominantly secular and socially liberal PDI-P party.
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- ^ Bachtiar (18 October 2020). "Di Rakornas, Hasto Tegaskan PDIP Satu-Satunya Partai Yang Konsisten Implementasikan Nilai-nilai Nasionalisme dan Soekarnoisme" [On [PDIP] National Coordination Summit, Hasto Affirms PDIP as the Only Party that Consistently Implements Nationalism and Soekarnoism Values] (in Indonesian). Teropong Senayan. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ a b Kwok 2017: "Ahok's candidacy is supported by Jokowi's party — the centrist and secular PDIP."
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- ^ "KPU Ubah Perolehan Kursi Parpol di DPR (KPU Changes Allocations of Parties' seats in the DPR)". Indonesian General Election Commission (in Indonesian). 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
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- ^ a b "KPU sahkan hasil pemilu, PDIP nomor satu" (in Indonesian). BBC. 10 May 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ^ Prasongko, Dias (20 May 2019). "KPU Menetapkan Jokowi-Ma'ruf Unggul 55.50 Persen". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 20 May 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "KPU Tetapkan PDIP Raih Suara Terbanyak Pileg 2019". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 21 May 2019. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
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- ^ "Relawan Jokowi Alihkan Dukungan ke Ganjar Pranowo di 2024". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 15 September 2021. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ Isnanto, Bayu Ardi (9 October 2021). "Kader Deklarasi Ganjar Capres, PDIP Jateng: Itu Bukan Banteng tapi Celeng". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ "Saat Barisan Celeng Jadi Semangat Perlawanan Kader PDIP Dukung Ganjar". detiknews (in Indonesian). 12 October 2021. Archived from the original on 12 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ Sihombing, Rolando Fransiscus (13 October 2021). "Barisan Celeng Berjuang Dinilai Perlawanan Demokrasi Terpimpin PDIP". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ Heksantoro, Rinto (13 October 2021). "Gegeran Celeng di Kandang Banteng". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ Heksantoro, Rinto (12 October 2021). "Ada Logo Celeng Berjuang, Kader PDIP Dukung Ganjar Bicara Soal Perlawanan". detiknews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ "Barisan Celeng Dukung Ganjar Bikin Kian Panas Internal PDI Perjuangan". detiknews (in Indonesian). 13 October 2021. Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ "Sama Rata Sanksi ke Pendukung Ganjar-Puan yang Lawan Arahan Mega". detiknews (in Indonesian). 6 October 2021. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ Mokhtar, Faris; Asmara, Chandra (21 April 2023). "Ganjar Pranowo Is Indonesia Ruling Party's Presidential Pick". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ Lai, Yerica (11 January 2024). "Megawati warns of 'power hungry' leaders ahead of Indonesia elections". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ Hutajulu, Matius Alfons. "Menerka Alasan Sederet Kader PDIP Hengkang dan Dukung Prabowo-Gibran". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 March 2024.
- ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (22 April 2024). "Komarudin Watubun Tegaskan Jokowi dan Gibran Tak Lagi Kader PDI-P". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ "MK Tolak Gugatan Sengketa Pilpres, PDI-P Tegaskan Jokowi dan Gibran Bukan Lagi Kader Banteng". Wartakotalive.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ Saifulloh 2016, pp. 178: "Akan tetapi, dalam Undang-Undang No.2 Tahun 2008 Tentang Partai Politik kembali dipertegas bahwa asas dan ciri partai politik merupakan penjabaran dari Pancasila dan UUD 1945." Translation: "In Law No. 2 of 2008 on Political Parties, it is emphasized that the principles and characteristics of political parties derive from Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution."
- ^ Akuntono 2015: "Ketua Umum DPP PDI Perjuangan Megawati Soekarnoputri kembali menegaskan bahwa ideologi partainya adalah Pancasila 1 Juni 1945." Translation: "The chair of PDI-P, Megawati Soekarnoputri, reiterated that the ideology of her party is the June 1, 1945 version of Pancasila.
- ^ Lee & Paath 2019: "So-called nationalist parties such as the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P)..."
- ^ Baswedan 2004, p. 672: "The first is the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle. It is a secular and nationalist party..."
- ^ Rakhmat 2022: "There are two broad camps: secular and Islamic parties. The first camp includes the current ruling party PDI-P..."
- ^ Mietzner 2013, p. 128: "For example, secular-nationalist parties such as Golkar and PDI-P fill their events with patriotic songs..."
- ^ Power 2014: "...which places parties along a continuum from the "secular-nationalist" PDI-P..."
- ^ Rabasa et al. 2004, p. 373: PDI-P is listed as "Liberal Secularist" in the table.
- ^ a b Suryowati 2018: "Lebih lanjut Pangi menjelaskan, PDI-P di Jawa Tengah sudah menjadi partai catch-all, yakni pemilih-pemilihnya adalah pemilih ideologis." Translation: "Furthermore, Pangi explains that in Central Java, PDI-P has evolved into a catch-all party, signifying that its supporters are primarily ideological voters."
- ^ Meakem 2024: "One of the large parties that has managed to thrive under these circumstances is the centrist Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP)..."
- ^ Mietzner 2013, p. 46: "Moreover, Indonesia has now three pivotal center parties — parties that are deeply rooted in the political center and against whose combined strength it would be difficult to govern. These are PDIP, Golkar, and Partai Demokrat (Democratic Party, PD)."
- ^ Ng 2022: "The key for PDI-P is to avoid a damaging internal party split, find strong political allies, and continue to play to its strengths as a centrist party with a strong grassroots network."
- ^ EGA 2024: Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), center-left social progressive."
- ^ Hakim 2023: "Pasalnya, menurut Andi, PDIP berada di spektrum kiri..." Translation: "In Andi's view, PDIP falls within the leftist spectrum..."
- ^ Utama 2024: "The PDI-P’s leftist leanings, inspired by Sukarnoism or Marhaenism, emphasize social justice, nationalism, and the empowerment of the ordinary people, or marhaen."
- ^ Hwang 2013, p. 86: "These include the Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle (PDI-P) which is more or less secular in orientation and the Golkar and Democrat parties, which self-classify as "nationalist-religious," implying they are friendly to the interests of Muslims. These three parties can be conceptualized as centre-right catch-all parties..."
- ^ Richburg 1999: "...and PDI-P is a secular, nationalist party that believes religion and politics should be kept separate."
- ^ Wildansyah 2018: "Sekjen PDI-P Hasto Kristiyanto tidak setuju dengan penyebutan Perda Syariah. Hasto menyebut hanya mengenal perda sesuai dengan asal daerahnya. Namun, menurut Hasto, Perda Syariah hanya ada di Aceh. Perda itu berlaku di Aceh lantaran Aceh memiliki sejarah tersendiri." Translation: "PDI-P secretary general Hasto Kristiyanto opposes Sharia-based regional regulations, recognizing them solely in Aceh due to its unique history."
- ^ "Posisi Ideologis PDI-P: Membaca Pidato Megawati" [PDI-P's Ideological Position: Examining Megawati's Address]. Kompas (in Indonesian). 11 January 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ Safitri 2021: "Ketua DPP PDIP ini mengatakan 2 periode sudah cukup dan tidak perlu diubah lagi." Translation: "The PDI-P Central Board Chair asserted that two terms are sufficient and should remain unchanged.
- ^ Gibran (10 January 2022). "Megawati Cerita PDIP Awal Mula Jadi Partai "Wong Cilik" dan "Partai Sendal Jepit"" [Megawati recounts PDI-P's inception as the party of "ordinary people" and the "flip-flop party"]. Detik (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ "Visi dan Misi (Vision and Mission)". PDI Perjuangan website. 8 January 2016. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ PDI-P 2016
- ^ "F-PDIP: RUU TPKS jadi Payung Hukum Perlindungan dan Pemulihan Korban Kekerasan Seksual" [F-PDIP: Making the TPKS bill the legal framework for protecting and rehabilitating victims of sexual violence]. Indonesian House of Representatives (in Indonesian). 18 January 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ "Fraksi DPR Telah Berikan Pandangan Terhadap UU IKN" [DPR parliamentary factions' positions on the IKN bill]. Indonesian House of Representatives (in Indonesian). 18 January 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ Putri, Budianti Utami (19 September 2019). Hantoro, Juli (ed.). "RKUHP Rampung Dibahas, PDIP dan Gerindra Beda Soal Kumpul Kebo" [The Criminal Code (RKUHP) ready to be discussed, PDI-P and Gerindra differ on adultery]. Detik (in Indonesian). Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ Astuti, Nur Azizah Rizki (5 October 2020). "Demokrat-PKS Tolak RUU Cipta Kerja, 7 Fraksi Mendukung Jadi UU" [The Democrats-PKS declines Omnibus Law on Job Creation, backed by 7 parliamentary factions to become law]. Detik (in Indonesian). Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ Mietzner 2012, p. 518: "It appears, then, that PDIP’s nationalist, pluralist and economically populist image still finds a loyal support base, with non-Muslims, secular Muslims and low-income voters forming a core constituency from which the party can draw."
- ^ Yew-Foong & Supriatma 2022, pp. 201–202: "Since free and fair elections were called for post-1998 Reformasi, Central Java has become a stronghold for the PDI-P."
- ^ Mietzner 2012, p. 518: "Regionally, the party is strongest in Central Java, Bali, West and Central Kalimantan as well as Bangka Belitung..."
- ^ "Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P)". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ Yew-Foong & Supriatma 2022, p. 173: "The PDI-P has been popular among Chinese Indonesians as its founder, Megawati Sukarnoputri, is Sukarno’s daughter and has a pro-Chinese image, or at least is not perceived to be against the Chinese."
- Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. 21 February 2008. Archived from the originalon 27 April 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ^ Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. Archived(PDF) from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ^ Zunita Putri (21 May 2019). "KPU Tetapkan Hasil Pileg 2019: PDIP Juara, Disusul Gerindra-Golkar". Detik.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
- ^ "Jokowi dan JK daftar ke KPU" (in Indonesian). BBC. 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
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: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link - Sinambela, Narda Margaretha (10 September 2023). "PDIP identifikasi sebagai partai kiri, tapi bukan sosialis-komunis" [PDI-P identified itself as a left-wing party, but not socialist-communist]. Antara (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 December 2023.
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External links
- 1999 Legislative Elections Profile (in Indonesian)
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- PDI-P (2016). "Pernyataan Sikap dan Rekomendasi Rapat Kerja Nasional ke-I PDI-Perjuangan" [Statement of stances and recommendations from the first PDI-P national working meeting)]. Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017.