Itmam al-Hujjah
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Itmam al-Hujjah (
Role of a Messenger
The concept of Itmām al-hujjah requires that religious truth is presented by a
Punishment of adversaries
The Qu'ran asserts that after Itmām al-hujjah has been attained, those rejecting the religious truth have no excuse and are punished by Allah.
This punishment is considered to occur both in this world and the next world. The judgment in this world is considered a rehearsal for the ultimate punishment or reward on the Day of Judgement.[4]
The Qur'an explains this punishment in the following verse:[5]
And the disbelievers said to their Messengers: ‘‘We will drive you out of our land, or you return to our religion’’. But their Lord inspired [this message] to them [the Messengers]: ‘‘Verily We will cause the wrong-doers to perish! And verily We will cause you to abide in the land, and succeed them. This is for those who feared the time when they shall stand before My tribunal and those who feared My warnings’’. [Quran 14:9–14]
Generally, the punishment is considered to come either through natural disaster or through human hands.[6]
Punishment through natural disaster
Punishment comes through natural calamities, if the Messenger has very few companions and no place to migrate.
Examples in the Qur’an are the nations of
Remember when Allah said: ‘O Jesus! I will terminate [your period] and raise you to Myself and cleanse you from those who have denied you; I will make those who follow you superior to those who reject faith till the Day of Resurrection. [Quran 3:55]
Punishment through human hands
By fights or wars or Punishment comes through human hands, if the Messenger has migrated from his people to another place, where he has achieved political sovereignty and makes a treaty of religious and social freedom between different groups, and whoever breaks them or transgress limits there is a justified provision to punish. Muhammad made the Constitution of Medina which speaks about secularism, justice and freedom. So there should be no point of misconception with the following verse:
But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful. [Quran 9:5]
and
Fight those who believe not in Allah or the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the Religion of Truth, from among the People of the Book, until they pay the
]
Muslims also cite Moses as an example, especially his punishment of those worshipping the Golden calf.[8]
See also
- Dawah
- Fate of the unlearned
- Islamic term
- Jihad
- Hujja
- Hujjat
- Muhammad as a diplomat
- Muhammad as a general
- Proselytization
- Repentance in Islam
- Revelation
Notes
- ^ Esposito (2005), p. 20
- ^ Islahi, vol. 8, p. 273
- ^ Esposito(2003), p. 117
- ^ Amjad (2001), Some Clarifications Regarding the Position & the Mission of a Rasu'l Archived 2006-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Saleem(2002)
- ^ a b Ghamidi(2005), The Islamic Law of Jihad
- ^ Maududi (1971), Verse 3:55 Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Quran 2:54
References
- ISBN 0-19-511233-4.
- OCLC 52901690.
- ISBN 0-434-02456-2.
- OCLC 7849929.
- Saleem, Shehzad (March 2002). "Islam and Non-Muslims: A New Perspective". Renaissance. 12 (3). ISSN 1606-9382. Archived from the originalon 2006-11-15. Retrieved 2006-10-05.
- ISBN 0-691-00807-8.
- ISBN 0-19-512558-4.
- OCLC 60341215.