Koukoulion

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The Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia wearing the koukolion

The koukoulion (

monks and certain patriarchs in Eastern Christianity.[1]

History

Related to the western cowl, it was the cap worn by Orthodox monks.[1][2] It is shown worn by emperors Michael IV, who died as a monk, in the Madrid Skylitzes.[3][4] Medieval orthodox monks did not have specific habits and uniforms related to the orders as in the West (for example the Benedictine habit or Franciscan habit), but each monastery set its own rules.[5] The monks wore a simple cap, often made of coarse and modest fabrics, that was called koukoulion.[5][6]

Great Schema From the 17th century, following the reforms of

monastic vows, it is called the koukoulion of kindliness, and the helmet of salvation. The koukoulion replaces the klobuk which is worn by the monastics of lower ranks. It fastened to a black veil, the Epanokalimavkion.[1]

  • Icon of St. Adrian of Ondrusov, wearing the black koukoulion. The lapets can be seen on his shoulders.
    Icon of St. Adrian of Ondrusov, wearing the black koukoulion. The lapets can be seen on his shoulders.
  • Slovenic great schema, with the koukoulion (hood) and the analavos
    Slovenic great schema, with the koukoulion (hood) and the analavos
  • Philip Khorev (1802-1869) - schema monks of the Russian Orthodox Church, wearing the koukoulion hood
    Philip Khorev (1802-1869) - schema monks of the Russian Orthodox Church, wearing the koukoulion hood

Patriarchal koukoulion

Patriarch of Moscow

Archbishop of Novgorod (1330–1352)[10]

The

ex officio, whether or not he has been tonsured
into the Great Schema.

The origin of the white patriarchal koukoulion is disputed.[12]

Archbishop

Vasilii Kalika by the Ecumenical Patriarch. In 1667, the story was condemned by the Great Moscow Synod as "false and wrong" and as constructed by Dmitry Tolmach (different experts understand by this name either Dmitry Trakhaniot , or Dmitry Gerasimov, both of them bore this nickname).[10][13][12]

Instead,

Vasilii and his successors in Novgorod.[10]

In 1564, the Moscow Council adopted a code on the right of the Moscow metropolitan to wear a white koukoulion.[15][16] After the establishment of the patriarchate in Russia in 1589, the Moscow patriarchs began to wear the white koukoulion.[10]

Other

Koukoulia are also worn by the primates of certain other Orthodox churches, for example the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia.

Major Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, wore a red koukoulian, when made a cardinal of the Catholic Church at the consistory
of 1965.

  • Leontiy of Rostov (1051-1077)
  • St. Tikhon of Moscow wearing the patriarchal white koukoulion.
    St.
    Tikhon of Moscow
    wearing the patriarchal white koukoulion.
  • Patriarch Kirill of Moscow wearing his koukoulion
    Patriarch Kirill of Moscow wearing his koukoulion

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Robinson, Nalbro' Frazier (1916). Monasticism in the Orthodox Churches: Being an Introduction to the Study of Modern Hellenic and Slavonic Monachism and the Orthodox Profession Rites, Together with a Greek Dissertation on the Monastic Habit, Done in English, with Notes. Cope and Fenwick. p. 39.
  2. OCLC 156808055.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link
    )
  3. OCLC 51900961
    .
  4. OCLC 51900961
    .
  5. ^
    OCLC 156808055.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link
    )
  6. OCLC 714724958
    .
  7. JSTOR 20788045
    .
  8. ^ "The Temple Gallery - specialists in Russian icons". www.templegallery.com. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
  9. ^ "День памяти прп. Антония - основоположника монашества на Руси". Церковно-Научный Центр "Православная Энциклопедия" (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-06-27.
  10. ^
    OCLC 232995137
    .
  11. ^ "7 Types of Orthodox Clergy and Monastic Headgear". The Catalog of Good Deeds. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  12. ^
    JSTOR 4213137
    .
  13. ^ "ЭСБЕ/Белый клобук — Викитека". ru.wikisource.org (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  14. ^ "Святитель Леонтий Ростовский". ruvera.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  15. ^ "Особенности богослужебного облачения Патриарха на Руси". Церковно-Научный Центр "Православная Энциклопедия" (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  16. JSTOR 24659105
    .
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Koukoulion.
  • Philippi, Dieter (2009). Sammlung Philippi – Kopfbedeckungen in Glaube, Religion und Spiritualität. St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig.
    ISBN 978-3-7462-2800-6
    .
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