Lchashen–Metsamor culture

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Lchashen-Metsamor culture
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Lchashen-Metsamor culture
Geographical range
Late Bronze Age, Iron Age
Datescirca 1,500 B.C.E. — circa 700 B.C.E.
Major sitesMetsamor, Lchashen
Preceded byTrialeti–Vanadzor culture
Followed byEtiuni, Urartu
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Timeline • Origins • Etymology

Lchashen-Metsamor culture (Armenian: Լճաշեն-մեծամորյան մշակույթ) is an archeological culture of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (1500-700 BC) in the South Caucasus. It was mainly spread in areas of present-day Armenia.[1] Lchashen-Metsamor pottery was also found in the Ağrı Province of Turkey and in southern Georgia.[2]

Description

A specific grooved pottery is associated with this culture.[3] The construction of widespread cyclopean fortresses at the end of the Bronze Age and cities,[4] indicate population growth and urbanization in the territory of Armenia.

A number of bronze items, such as bronze belts, have been discovered at Lchashen–Metsamor sites.[5] A fully preserved four-wheeled chariot was found at Lchashen.[6]

Categorization

Archaeologists have divided the Lchashen–Metsamor culture into five main stages.[7]

Late Bronze Age - LM 1,2,3

Early Iron Age - LM 4.5

The sixth stage, which arises from the local synthesis of Urartian culture, has been left out.

Identity

The Lchashen site, along Lake Sevan in Armenia.

Archaeologists connect the Lchashen–Metsamor culture with the Etiuni tribal union attested in Urartian cuneiform.[8][9][10]

Later history

The culture began declining in the 8th century BC when

Araxes River
with his army. Following the appearance of Urartian culture in the region, a syncretic Lchashen-Metsamor VI layer emerged.

Paleogenetics

An article by Damgaard (2018) dedicated to the genetic study of ancient inhabitants of the Eurasian steppes published the ancient DNA of two people from Lchashen burials. Samples included Y-DNA I2a2b-L596 and Mitochondrial DNA HV0a and J1b1a.[11]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-19-537614-2.[page needed
    ]
  2. ISBN 978-90-429-2562-5
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-19-537614-2
    .
  4. doi:10.1163/157005799X00133
    .
  5. ^ Manukyan, Sona (18 April 2015). "Bronze belts of Lchashen–Metsamor culture in the sculptures of the same period". Arvestagir Cultural Magazine.
  6. S2CID 163725131
    .
  7. ISBN 978-90-429-1998-3
    .
  8. ISBN 978-5-8080-0969-1
    .
  9. ^ Ruzan, Mkrtchyan (2014). "The ancient population of Lchashen as a representative of the Bronze Age Armenian population". Вестник Московского университета. Серия 23. Антропология (3): 74–75.
  10. ISBN 978-90-04-34759-5
    .
  11. S2CID 13670282
    .
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