Ochnaceae
Ochnaceae Temporal range:
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Sauvagesia erecta from southern Brazil | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Ochnaceae DC.[2]
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Genera | |
See text |
Ochnaceae is a
In this article, "Ochnaceae" will refer to the larger
Ochnaceae, defined broadly or narrowly, is pan
A few species of Ochna are cultivated as ornamentals.[10] Ochna thomasiana is probably the most commonly planted, but it is often misidentified in the horticultural literature.[11]
The leaves of Cespedesia are sometimes to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length and are used for roofing.[12] An herbal tea is made from the pantropical weed Sauvagesia erecta.
In its
A great many
The largest genera in Ochnaceae are: Ouratea (200 species), Ochna (85), Campylospermum (65), Sauvagesia (39), and Quiina (34).
Genera
The following list of 36 genera consists of Neckia, which was resurrected in 2014,
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Description
The following
with some information from other sources, as indicated.Mostly shrubs and small trees, plus a few trees of moderate size, and in Sauvagesia, a few herbs.
In
Sepals 3 to 5, often unequal, sometimes accrescent.
Petals 4 or 5, or rarely 3, 6, 7, or 8, often contort, free or fuzed at base only, sometimes reflexed over the sepals.
Anthers basifixed or slightly dorsifixed, usually dehiscing by one or two apical or subapical pores, sometimes latrorsely by longitudinal slits. In Medusagyne and Quiinoideae, an enlarged septum separates the thecae.
Staminodes often present, free or connate, sometimes petaloid, sometimes enveloping the fertile stamens.
Nectar not produced. Flowers usually buzz-pollinated.
Classification
Until near the end of the 20th century, Ochnaceae was regarded as a rather odd family, difficult to place with a high degree of certainty. Even into the 21st century, some
More rarely, the genus
All of the genera mentioned above, as well as Ochnaceae, were long regarded as
In 2012, an analysis of
There are only a few
Taxonomy
Ochnaceae is divided into three subfamilies: Medusagynoideae, Quiinoideae, and Ochnoideae.[5]
A molecular phylogenetic study resolved Medusagynoideae and Quiinoideae as
Medusagynoideae consists of a single species, Medusagyne oppositifolia. It is
Quiinoideae comprises about 48 species in four genera: Froesia, Quiina, Touroulia, and Lacunaria. It is restricted to
The subfamily Ochnoideae was revised in 2014 as Ochnaceae
In 2014, a second reclassification of Ochnoideae was published, based on
Testulea consists of a single species, Testulea gabonensis, that is endemic to
into a column for up to 2⁄3 of their length.The tribe Luxemburgieae consists of two genera: Philacra and Luxemburgia. Philacra is native to Venezuela and northern Brazil. Luxemburgia is from Brazil.
The tribe Sauvagesieae is pantropical in distribution, and consists of 16 genera, most of them small. The largest, by far, is Sauvagesia, with 38 species, 35 of which are restricted to the
The tribe Ochneae is found in most of the tropics, but is most abundant in Africa and tropical America. It is distinguished from the rest of Ochnoideae by the absorption of the endosperm before the seed reaches maturity. Its nine genera belong to three subtribes: Lophirinae, Elvasiinae, and Ochninae.[5]
The subtribe Lophirinae consists of a single genus, Lophira. It has two species, both confined to tropical Africa. It produces an unusual fruit, in which two of the sepals become greatly
The subtribe Elvasiinae consists of two genera, Perissocarpa and Elvasia, both confined to the American tropics. Perissocarpa has never been sampled for a molecular phylogenetic study.
The subtribe Ochninae consists of six genera: Campylospermum, Ouratea, Idertia, Brackenridgea, Rhabdophyllum, and Ochna. The largest of these, Ouratea, is confined to the
Phylogeny
The
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MEDUSAGYNOIDEAE
QUIINOIDEAE
OCHNOIDEAE |
Evolution
The
The flowers are actinomorphic in Medusagyne and Quiinoideae, but in Ochnoideae,
In the subtribe Ochninae, and in the genus Froesia, the components of the ovary (carpels) are very shortly united at the base. Otherwise, the ovary in Ochnaceae is syncarpous, consisting of carpels that are completely fuzed.
In Medusagyne and Quiinoideae, many of the flowers are unisexual, except in Froesia, where they are strictly hermaphrodite. In Ochnoideae, unisexual flowers are limited to a clade consisting of Schuurmansia, Schuurmansiella, and Euthemis.[5]
In Medusagyne and Quiinoideae, as in most angiosperms, the
In the rest of Sauvagesieae, anther dehiscence is various. In Schuurmansia, Schuurmansiella, and Adenarake, the anther dehiscence is apically
In the tribe Ochneae, anther dehiscence by longitudinal slits is restricted to Brackenridgea and a few species of Ochna.
Testulea is peculiar in having only one
staminodes that are fuzed into a column for up to 2⁄3 of their length.In the genera Froesia and Quiina, and in the tribe Ochneae, the
The number of
In Ochneae, Lophira has 4 to 50 ovules per carpel. In the subtribes Elvasiinae and Ochninae, the number of ovules per carpel is one.
History
The family Ochnaceae was erected by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1811.[32][33] At that time, he described Elvasia, a new genus in the family, and he included three others: Ochna, Walkera, and Gomphia.[34] Walkera was described by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1789, but is no longer recognized. Its type species was described as Gomphia serrata by Andrias Kanis in 1968,[35] but it is now placed in the genus Campylospermum.[citation needed] Gomphia has long been a source of confusion[36] and it was not recognized in the most recent revision of Ochnaceae.[4]
Godoya and Sauvagesia were known in 1811, when de Candolle erected the family Ochnaceae, but he placed them in other families. In his Prodromus, he placed Godoya in the family that would later be known as Clusiaceae.[37] He regarded Lauradia (Lavradia) as separate from Sauvagesia, and placed both of them in Violaceae. He added the genus Castela to Ochnaceae, but it is now part of Simaroubaceae.[38] De Candolle believed that Simaroubaceae was closely related to Ochnaceae, but it is now placed in the order Sapindales.[23] A few authors placed Godoya, Sauvagesia, and others in the family Sauvagesiaceae, until the beginning of the 21st century.[22] Other authors, such as Adolf Engler, included them in Ochnaceae.
In 1874, Engler divided Ochnaceae into two groups, based on the absence or presence of
The genera Quiina and Touroulia had been known since 1775, when they were described by
The genus Medusagyne had been described by John Gilbert Baker in 1877, in a flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles,[44] but it was not until 1924 that it was segregated into its own monogeneric family.[45]
In 1893, Ernest Friedrich Gilg covered Ochnaceae, and Adolf Engler covered Quiinaceae for the first edition of Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.[46][47] Engler wrote a description of Medusagyne in a supplement to the first edition of DNP in 1897.[48] He placed Medusagyne under the heading "Zweifelhafte, möglicherweise zu den Guttiferae gehörige Gattung" (Doubtful, possibly a genus belonging to Guttiferae). Guttiferae is an obsolete name for Clusiaceae.
In 1902,
In 1925, for the second edition of DNP, Engler and Gilg expanded on their treatment of Quiinaceae and Ochnaceae, respectively, compared to what they had written in 1893.[50][51] Medusagynaceae was covered in the same volume of DNP by Adolf Engler and Hans Melchior.[52]
For the second edition of DNP, Engler recognized two genera, Quiina and Touroulia, in Quiinaceae. Lacunaria and Froesia were discovered later and named in 1925 and 1948, respectively.
In that same volume, Gilg divided his Ochnaceae (equivalent to modern Ochnoideae) into 21 genera, including Indovethia, Leitgebia, Vausagesia, and Lauradia (as Lavradia), which are now regarded as
In 1968,
In 1991, a
References
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- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4(See External links below).
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- ^ Daniel Danehy, Peter Wilf, and Stefan A. Little. 2007. "Early Eocene macroflora from the red hot truck stop locality (Meridian, Mississippi, USA)". Palaeontologia Electronica 10(3):17A:31pages. (See External links below).
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- ^ The Plant List: Ochnaceae. (See External links below).
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- ^ Schneider, J.V., Jungcurt, T., Cardoso, D., Amorim, A.M., Töpel, M., Andermann, T., Poncy, O., Berberich, T. and Zizka, G. (2021), Phylogenomics of the tropical plant family Ochnaceae using targeted enrichment of nuclear genes and 250+ taxa. Taxon, 70: 48-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12421
- ^ Ochnaceae DC. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
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- ^ Peter K. Endress, Charles C. Davis, and Merran L. Matthews. 2013. "Advances in the floral structural characterization of the major subclades of Malpighiales, one of the largest orders of flowering plants". Annals of Botany 111(5): 969–985. . (See External links below).
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- ^ William C. Dickison. 1990. "The morphology and relationships of Medusagyne (Medusagynaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution 171(1-4):27-55.
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- ^ Ochnaceae in International Plant Names Index. (see External links below).
- ^ a b James L. Reveal. 2008 onward. "A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants." At: Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome. (see External links below).
- ^ Augustin Pyramus de Candolle. 1811. Nouveau bulletin des sciences par la Société philomathique de Paris 2(40):208. (See External links below).
- ^ a b Andrias Kanis. 1968. "A revision of the Ochnaceae of the Indo-Pacific area". Blumea 16(1):1-83.
- doi:10.12705/635.5
- ^ Augustin Pyramus de Candolle. 1824. "Violaceae" (as Violarieae), pages 287-316; Clusiaceae (as Guttiferae), pages 557-564; "Ochnaceae", pages 735-738. In: Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis volume 1. (See External links below).
- ^ H.G. Adolf Engler. 1874. "Ueber Begrenzung und systematische Stellung der natürlichen Familie der Ochnaceae". Nova Acta Academieae Caesarieae Leopoldino - Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 37(2):1-28. (See External links below).
- ^ H.G. Adolf Engler. 1876. "Ochnaceae" In: Carl F.P. von Martius and August Wilhelm Eichler (editors). Flora Brasiliensis 12(2):297-366. (See External links below).
- ^ Jean Baptiste C.F. Aublet. 1775. Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Françoise. Quiina: Supplement to volumes 1 and 2, page 19; Touroulia: 1:492; Ouratea: 1:397. (See External links below).
- ^ Jacques Denys Choisy. 1849. Description des Guttiferes de l'Indie:12.
- ^ H.G. Adolf Engler. 1888. "Quiinaceae". pages 475-486 and tables 109-110. In: Carl F.P. von Martius and August Wilhelm Eichler (editors). Flora Brasiliensis 12(1). (See External links below).
- ^ John Gilbert Baker. 1877. Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles: 16. L. Reeve & Co.: London, UK. (See External links below).
- ^ H.G.Adolf Engler and Ernest F. Gilg. 1924. Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien: eine Übersicht neunte und zehnte auflage: 280. (Syllabus of the Plant Families: an overview. editions 9 and 10, page 280.)
- ^ Ernest F. Gilg. 1893. "Ochnaceae". pages 131-153. In: H.G. Adolf Engler and Karl A.E. Prantl (editors). 1895. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 1st edition: Teil III, Abteilung 6 (volume 3, part 6). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany. (See External links below).
- ^ H.G. Adolf Engler. 1893. "Quiinaceae". pages 165-167. In: H.G. Adolf Engler and Karl A.E. Prantl (editors). 1895. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 1st edition: Teil III, Abteilung 6 (volume 3, part 6). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany. (See External links below).
- ^ H.G. Adolf Engler. 1897. Medusagyne. page 250. In: H.G. Adolf Engler. 1897. "Guttiferae". pages 247-250. In: H.G. Adolf Engler and Karl A.E. Prantl. 1897. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien: Nachträge [I] zum II-IV Teil. (The Natural Plant Families: First Supplement for volumes 2-4). (See External links below).
- ^ Philippe E.L. van Tieghem. 1902. "Sur les Ochnacées". Annales des Sciences Naturelles – botanique, séries 8 16:161-416.
- ^ H.G. Adolf Engler. 1925. "Quiinaceae". pages 106-108. In: H.G. Adolf Engler and Karl A.E. Prantl (editors). 1925. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien: zweite auflage 21 Band. (The Natural Plant Families: 2nd edition, volume 21). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany.
- ^ a b Ernest F. Gilg. 1925. "Ochnaceae". pages 53-87. In: H.G. Adolf Engler and Karl A.E. Prantl (editors). 1925. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien: zweite auflage 21 Band. (The Natural Plant Families: 2nd edition, volume 21). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany.
- ^ Hans Melchior. 1925. "Medusagynaceae". pages 50-52. In: H.G. Adolf Engler and Karl A.E. Prantl (editors). 1925. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien: zweite auflage 21 Band. (The Natural Plant Families: 2nd edition, volume 21). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany.
- ^ Maria do Carmo E. Amaral. 1991. "Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte, und Pflanzengeographie 113(1):105-196.
External links
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. (April 2024) |
- Xi2012 At: Pubmed Central At: NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)
- Cespedesia And Ochna And Sauvagesia In Mabberley's Plant-book
- Endress (2011) And land plant evolutionary timeline At: Archive At: American Journal of Botany Archived 2018-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
- Eocene macroflora from Mississippi (print) At: table of contents At: volume 10, issue 3 At: back issues by cover At: Browse Articles At: Palaeontologia Electronica/content
- Ochnaceae At: angiosperms At: Browse At: The Plant List
- Ochnaceae In Takhtajan 2009
- Ochnoideae distribution map AndOchnoideae genus list At Ochnoideae AtMalpighiales At Trees At: APweb At: Missouri Botanical Garden
- the clusioid clade and Paleoclusia In: volume 174, issue 6 Of: IJPS
- floral structure in Malpighiales[dead link] In: Archive At: Annals of Botany
- Ochnaceae At: Plant Names At: IPNI
- OA-OZ And Q At A checklist of suprageneric names for extant vascular plants At Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome
- Gomphia At Taxon
- Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles At Archive.org
- At BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library):
- Ochnaceae, page 208 In Issue 40 At View Book At Nouveau bulletin des sciences par la Société philomathique de Paris, tome 2
- Lavradia And Sauvagesia And Godoya And Castela At View Book At Prodromus v.1 (1824)
- Ochnaceae in volume 37, number 2 In volume 37 At Nova acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum
- Ochnaceae In volume12 part 2 At Flora Brasiliensis
- Quiina In Supplement to volume 2 In volume 2 AndTouroulia And Ouratea In volume 1 Of Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Françoise
- Quiinaceae In volume12 part 1 At Flora Brasiliensis
- Ochnaceae And Quiinaceae In volume 3 part 6 Of Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
- Medusagyne In Nachträge (Supplement) Teil 2-4 At Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
- Sur les Ochnacées In Series 8, volume 16 Of Annales des sciences naturelles, huitieme série – Botanique.
- Ochnaceae (Search Exact) At: Names At: Tropicos At: Science and Conservation At: Missouri Botanical Garden
- Ochnaceae Archived 2007-10-16 at the Wayback Machine in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Archived 2007-01-03 at the Wayback Machine http://delta-intkey.com Archived 2007-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
- List of genera in Ochnaceae At: Dicotyledons At: List Genera within a Family At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera At: About the Checklist At: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families At: Plant Names Archived 2012-09-10 at the Wayback Machine At: Data Sources Archived 2012-09-10 at the Wayback Machine At: ePIC Archived 2012-09-10 at the Wayback Machine At: Databases At: Resources and databases At: Scientific research and data At: Science and conservation At: Kew Gardens
- Neotropical Ochnaceae At: Family Index At: Neotropikey At: Projects and Programmes At: Tropical America Project At: Kew in depth At: Scientific Research and Data At: Kew Gardens
- Ochnaceae At: Malpighiales At: Magnoliopsida At: Tracheophyta At: Plants At: Global Species
- Ochnaceae At: Angiosperms At: Browse At: The Plant List
- Display Results At: Hierarchical Report with Plantae and Genus selected At: Data Access At: ITIS
- Malpighiales At: rosids At: core eudicots (Gunneridae) At: eudicots At: angiosperms At: Spermatopsida At: embryophytes At: green plants At: eukaryotes At: life on earth (root of the tree) At: Tree of Life Web Project (ToL)
- Complete list of genera At: Ochnaceae At: List of families At: Families and Genera in GRIN At: Queries At: GRIN taxonomy for plants
- Ochnaceae At: Malpighiales At: fabids At: rosids At: Pentapetalae At: Gunneridae At: eudicotyledons At: Mesangiospermae At: Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) At: Spermatophyta At: Euphyllophyta At: Tracheophyta At: Embryophyta At: Streptophytina At: Streptophyta At: Viridiplantae At: Eukaryota At: Taxonomy At: UniProt
- Ochnaceae At: Malpighiales At: fabids At: rosids At: Pentapetalae At: Gunneridae At: eudicotyledons At: Mesangiospermae At: Magnoliophyta (flowering plants In: Eukaryota At: Taxonomy Browser At: Taxonomy Database At: Taxonomy At: NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)