List of Russian astronomers and astrophysicists
This list of Russian Federation.
Alphabetical list
A
- Tateos Agekian, one of the pioneers of Russian and world Stellar dynamics, discoverer of two evolutionary sequences of stellar systems: nearly spherical and strongly flattened
- Vladimir Albitsky, discovered a significant number of asteroids
- stellar associations, founder of Byurakan Observatory in Armenia
- Andrejs Auzāns, director of the Tashkent observatory, 1911-1916
B
- Nikolai P. Barabashov, co-author of the ground breaking publication of the first pictures of the far side of the Moon in 1961, called Atlas of the Other Side of the Moon; a crater and a planet were named after him
- Vladimir Belinski, an author of the BKL singularity model of the Universe evolution
- Igor Belkovich, made contributions to astronomy; the crater Bel'kovich on the Moon is named after him
- stellar spectra
- Sergey Belyavsky, discovered the bright naked-eye comet C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky); discovered and co-discovered a number of asteroids
- Gennady S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, first determined the maximum mass of a hot neutron star
- Sergey Blazhko, discovered a secondary variation of the amplitude and period of some RR Lyrae stars and related pulsating variables, now known as the Blazhko effect
- Semion Braude, co-developed large-scale radio interferometers for precise examination of extraterrestrial radio sources
- meteors and meteor showers, a director of the Pulkovo Observatory
- Matvei Petrovich Bronstein, theoretical physicist; pioneer of quantum gravity; author of works in astrophysics, semiconductors, quantum electrodynamics and cosmology
- Jacob Bruce, statesman, naturalist and astronomer, founder of the first observatory in Russia (in the Sukharev Tower)
C
- Lyudmila Chernykh, astronomer, discovered 268 asteroids
- Nikolai Chernykh, astronomer, discovered 537 asteroids and two comets
- radiation belt
D
- Denis Denisenko, astronomer, author of more than 25 scientific articles and a presenter at five international conferences
- A. G. Doroshkevich, along with Igor Novikov, discovered cosmic microwave background radiation as a detectable phenomenon
- Dmitry Ivanovich Dubyago
- Dmitry Dubyago, expert in theoretical astrophysics, astrometry, and gravimetry; a crater on the Moon is named after him and his son
E
- Vasily Engelhardt, researched comets, asteroids, nebulae, and star clusters, in an observatory he built himself
F
- Vasily Fesenkov, founded the Alma-Ata (now Tien Shan) astrophysical observatory, and was the first to make a study of Zodiacal light using photometry, and suggested a theory of its dynamics
- Kirill Florensky, head of Comparative Planetology at the Vernadsky Institute of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences; the crater Florensky on the Moon is named after him
- FLRW metric of Universe
- Alexei Fridman, predicted existence of smaller satellites around Uranus
G
- alpha decay via quantum tunneling and Gamow factor in stellar nucleosynthesis, introduced the Big Bang nucleosynthesis theory, predicted cosmic microwave background
- Vitaly Ginzburg, co-developed the theory of superconductivity, the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in plasmas, and a theory of the origin of cosmic radiation
- Sergey Glazenap, astronomer; a crater on the Moon and the minor planet 857 Glasenappia are named after him
- Alexander A. Gurshtein, developed a concept of history of constellations and the zodiac
- Matvey Gusev, the first to prove the non-sphericity of the Moon, pioneer of photography in astronomy
I
- Naum Idelson, astronomer
J
- 1606 Jekhovskyis named after him
K
- 10031 Vladarnolda and the Trojan asteroid 3063 Makhaon
- Nikolai Kardashev, astrophysicist, inventor of Kardashev scale for ranking the space civilizations
- Isaak Khalatnikov, an author of the BKL singularity model of the Universe evolution
- Viktor Knorre, astronomer, discovered four asteroids
- Marian Kowalski, first to measure the rotation of the Milky Way
- Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev, astronomer, observed the transient lunar phenomenon
- Georgij A. Krasinsky, astronomer, researched planetary motions and ephemeris
- USSRand the post-Soviet states
- Yevgeny Krinov, astronomer, renowned meteorite researcher; the mineral Krinovite, discovered in 1966, was named after him
L
- Anders Johan Lexell, astronomer and mathematician; researcher of celestial mechanics and comet astronomy; proved that Uranus is a planet rather than a comet
- chaotic inflation theory
- Evgeny Lifshitz, an author of the BKL singularity model of the Universe evolution
- Mikhail Lomonosov polymath, inventor of the off-axis reflecting telescope, discoverer of the atmosphere of Venus
- Mikhail Lyapunov, astronomer
- Kronid Lyubarsky, worked on the Soviet program of interplanetary exploration of Mars
M
- Benjamin Markarian, discovered Markarian's Chain
- Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov, inventor of the Maksutov telescope
- Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Mikhailov, credited with leading the post-war revival of the Pulkovo Observatory
- Nikolay Moiseyev, expert in celestial mechanics, worked on mathematical methods of celestial calculations and theory of comet formation
N
- Grigory Neujmin, discovered 74 asteroids, and most notably 951 Gaspra and 762 Pulcova
- Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov, formulated the Novikov self-consistency principle, an important contribution to the theory of time travel
- Boris Numerov, created various astronomic and mineralogical instruments, as well as various algorithms and methods that bear his name
P
- Pavel Petrovich Parenago, known for contributions to the field of galactic astronomy
- Yevgeny Perepyolkin, observed the proper motion of stars with respect to extragalactic nebula
- Solomon Pikelner, made a significant contribution to the theory of the interstellar medium, solar plasma physics, stellar atmospheres, and magnetohydrodynamics
- Elena V. Pitjeva, expert in the field of Solar System dynamics and celestial mechanics
S
- planet formation
- Kaspar Gottfried Schweizer, discovered five comets, and found one NGC object
- solar flaresand astronomical observations from artificial satellites
- x-ray binaries, co-developed the standard theory of disk accretion
- Grigory Shayn, astronomer and astrophysicist, the first director of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, co-developed a method for measurement of stellar rotation
- Vladislav Shevchenko, astronomer, specialized in lunar exploration
- cosmic rays, extraterrestrial liferesearcher
- 5540 Smirnovawas named in her honor
- double stars, initiated the construction of 2,820 km long Struve Geodetic Arc, progenitor of the Struve familyof astronomers
- Otto Lyudvigovich Struve, astronomer and astrophysicist, co-developed a method for measurement of stellar rotation, directed several observatories in the U.S.
- F.W. Struve
- double stars
- Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effectof CMB distortion
T
- Gavriil Tikhov, invented the feathering spectrograph; one of the first to use color filters to increase the contrast of surface details on planets
V
- neutron stars
- interstellar dust, author of the Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies
- Alexander Vyssotsky, created first list of nearby stars identified not by their motions in the sky, but by their intrinsic, spectroscopic, characteristics
Y
- Avenir Aleksandrovich Yakovkin, astronomer
- YORP and Yarkovsky effects of meteoroidsor asteroids
- Ivan Naumovich Yazev, astronomer and professor, worked at the Pulkovo Observatory and the Mykolaiv Observatory and later headed the observatory at Irkutsk State University from 1948 until 1955.[1]
Z
- Messaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence, conducted the first intercontinental radar astronomy experiment, transmitted the Cosmic Calls and Teen Age Message
- Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect of CMB distortion
Sunyaev - Abram Leonidovich Zelmanov, astronomer
- Sergei Alexandrovich Zhevakin, identified ionized helium as the valve for the heat engine that drives the pulsation of Cepheid variable stars
- Lyudmila Zhuravlyova, discovered a number of asteroids; ranked 43rd by Harvard University's list of those who discovered minor planets; credited with having discovered 200 such bodies
- Felix Ziegel, author of more than 40 popular books on astronomy and space exploration, generally regarded as a founder of Russian ufology
See also
- List of astronomers
- List of astrophysicists
- List of Russian scientists
- List of Russian inventors
- Science and technology in Russia
- Pulkovo Observatory
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References
- ^ "ISU Astronomic Observatory". Irkutsk State University. Retrieved 2 December 2023.