Mikhail Lomonosov
Mikhail Lomonosov | |
---|---|
Михаил Ломоносов | |
Born | Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov 19 November 1711 |
Died | 15 April 1765 | (aged 53)
Alma mater | Slavic Greek Latin Academy St. Petersburg Academy University of Marburg |
Spouse | Elizabeth Christine Zilch |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Natural science, Astronomy, chemistry, physics, physical chemistry, geology, geophysics, mineralogy, history, philology, optics |
Institutions | St. Petersburg Academy |
Academic advisors | Christian Wolff |
Signature | |
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (
Early life and family
Lomonosov was born in the village of
He remained at Denisovka until he was ten, when his father decided that he was old enough to participate in his business ventures, and Lomonosov began accompanying Vasily on trading missions.[5]
Learning was young Lomonosov's passion, however, not business. The boy's thirst for knowledge was insatiable. Lomonosov had been taught to read as a boy by his neighbor Ivan Shubny, and he spent every spare moment with his books.
In 1724, his father married for the third and final time. Lomonosov and his stepmother Irina had an acrimonious relationship. Unhappy at home and intent on obtaining a higher education, which Lomonosov could not receive in Mishaninskaya, he was determined to leave the village.[9]
Education
In 1730, determined to "study sciences," the 19-year-old Lomonosov walked all the way to Moscow.[9] Shortly after arrival, he was admitted into the Slavic Greek Latin Academy by falsely claiming to be a son of a Kholmogory nobleman.[10] In 1734 that initial falsehood, as well as another lie that he was the son of a priest, nearly got him expelled from the academy, but the investigation ended without severe consequences.[11]
Lomonosov lived on three
Education abroad
The University of Marburg was among Europe's most important universities in the mid-18th century due to the presence of the philosopher Christian Wolff, a prominent figure of the German Enlightenment. Lomonosov became one of Wolff's students while at Marburg from November 1736 to July 1739. Both philosophically and as a science administrator, this connection would be the most influential of Lomonosov's life. In 1739–1740 he studied mineralogy and philosophy at the University of Göttingen; there he intensified his studies of German literature.[15]
Lomonosov quickly mastered the German language, and in addition to philosophy, seriously studied
During his residence in Marburg, Lomonosov boarded with Catharina Zilch, a brewer's widow.[16] He fell in love with Catharina's daughter Elizabeth Christine Zilch. They were married in June 1740.[17] Lomonosov found it extremely difficult to maintain his growing family on the scanty and irregular allowance granted him by the Russian Academy of Sciences. As his circumstances became desperate, he got permission to return to Saint Petersburg.[15]
Return to Russia
Lomonosov returned to Russia in June 1741, after being abroad 4 years and 8 months. A year later he was named an Adjunct of the Russian Academy of Science in the physics department.[15] In May 1743, Lomonosov was accused, arrested, and held under house arrest for eight months, after he supposedly insulted various people associated with the academy. He was released and pardoned in January 1744 after apologising to all involved.[15]
Lomonosov was made a full member of the academy and named professor of chemistry in 1745.[15] He established the academy's first chemistry laboratory.[18] Eager to improve Russia's educational system, in 1755, Lomonosov joined his patron Count Ivan Shuvalov in founding Moscow University.[18]
In 1760, he was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1764, he was elected Foreign Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna.[19] In 1764, Lomonosov was appointed to the position of the State Councillor which was of Rank V in the Russian Empire's Table of Ranks. He died on 4 April (o.s.), 1765 in Saint Petersburg. He is widely and deservingly regarded as the "Father of Russian Science,"[20] though many of his scientific accomplishments were relatively unknown outside Russia until long after his death and gained proper appreciation only in late 19th and, especially, 20th centuries.
Science and inventions
Physics
In 1756, Lomonosov tried to replicate Robert Boyle's experiment of 1673.[21] He concluded that the commonly accepted phlogiston theory was false. Anticipating the discoveries of Antoine Lavoisier, he wrote in his diary: "Today I made an experiment in hermetic glass vessels in order to determine whether the mass of metals increases from the action of pure heat. The experiments – of which I append the record in 13 pages – demonstrated that the famous Robert Boyle was deluded, for without access of air from outside the mass of the burnt metal remains the same."
That is the Law of Mass Conservation in chemical reaction, which is well-known today as "in a chemical reaction, the mass of reactants is equal to the mass of the products." Lomonosov, together with Lavoisier, is regarded as the one who discovered the law of mass conservation.[22]
He stated that all matter is composed of corpuscles – molecules that are "collections" of elements – atoms. In his dissertation "Elements of Mathematical Chemistry" (1741, unfinished), the scientist gives the following definition: "An element is a part of a body that does not consist of any other smaller and different bodies ... corpuscle is a collection of elements forming one small mass."[23] In a later study (1748), he uses the term "atom" instead of "element", and "particula" (particle) or "molecule" instead of "corpuscle."
He regarded heat as a form of motion, suggested the
Astronomy
Lomonosov was the first to discover and appreciate the atmosphere of Venus during his observation of the transit of Venus of 1761 in a small observatory near his house in St Petersburg.[15][25] At least in the English-speaking world, this attribution seems to have been owing to comments from the multi-lingual popular astronomy writer Willy Ley (1966), who consulted sources in both Russian and German, and wrote that Lomonosov observed a luminous ring (this was Ley's interpretation and was not indicated in quotes) and inferred from it the existence of an atmosphere "maybe greater than that of the Earth" (which was in quotes). Because many modern transit observers have also seen a threadlike arc produced by refraction of sunlight in the atmosphere of Venus when the planet has progressed off the limb of the Sun, it has generally, if rather uncritically, been assumed that this was the same thing that Lomonosov saw. Indeed, the term "Lomonosov’s arc" has frequently been used in the literature.[26]
In 2012, Pasachoff and Sheehan[27] consulted original sources, and questioned the basis for the claim that Lomonosov observed the thin arc produced by the atmosphere of Venus. A reference to the paper was even picked up by the Russian state-controlled media group RIA Novosti on 31 January 2013, under the headline "Astronomical Battle in US Over Lomonosov’s discovery." An attempt was made by a group of researchers to experimentally reconstruct Lomonosov's observation using antique telescopes during the transit of Venus on 5–6 June 2012. One of them, Y. Petrunin, suggested that the telescope Lomonosov actually used was probably a 50 mm Dollond with a magnifying power of 40x. It was preserved at Pulkova Observatory but destroyed when the Germans bombed the observatory during World War II. Thus, Lomonosov's actual telescope was not available, but other presumably similar instruments were employed on this occasion, and led the researchers to affirm their belief that Lomonosov's telescope would have been adequate to the task of detecting the arc.[28] Thus A. Koukarine, using a 67 mm Dollond on Mt. Hamilton, where seeing was likely much better than Lomonosov enjoyed at St. Petersburg, clearly observed the spiderweb-thin arc known to be due to refraction in the atmosphere of Venus. However, Koukarine's sketches do not really resemble the diagram published by Lomonosov.[29][30] On the other hand, Koukarine's colleague V. Shiltsev, who more nearly observed under the same conditions as Lomonosov (using a 40 mm Dollond at Batavia, Illinois), did produce a close duplicate of Lomonosov's diagram; however, the rather large wing of light shown next to the black disk of Venus in his drawing (and Lomonosov's) is too coarse to have been the arc. Instead it appears to be a complicated manifestation of the celebrated optical effect known as the "black drop". It should be kept in mind that, as stated in Sheehan and Westfall, "optical distortions at the interface between Venus and the Sun during transits are impressively large, and any inferences from them are fraught with peril".
Again, the actual words used by Lomonosov do not refer to an "arc" at all. In the Russian version, he described a brief brightening lasting a second or so, just before
In 1762, Lomonosov presented an improved design of a
Chemistry and geology
In 1759, with his collaborator, academician Joseph Adam Braun, Lomonosov was the first person to record the freezing of mercury and to carry out initial experiments with it.[32] Believing that nature is subject to regular and continuous evolution, he demonstrated the organic origin of soil, peat, coal, petroleum and amber. In 1745, he published a catalogue of over 3,000 minerals, and in 1760, he explained the formation of icebergs.[15]
In 1763, he published On The Strata of the Earth – his most significant geological work.[33] This work puts him before James Hutton, who has been traditionally regarded as the founder of modern geology. Lomonosov based his conceptions on the unity of the Earth's processes in time, and necessity to explain the planet's past from present.[3][2]
Geography
Lomonosov's observation of iceberg formation led into his pioneering work in
Engineering
The idea of a
Mosaic
Lomonosov was proud to restore the ancient art of
Grammarian, poet, historian
In 1755, Lomonosov wrote a grammar that reformed the Russian literary language by combining Church Slavonic with the vernacular tongue. To further his literary theories, he wrote more than 20 solemn ceremonial odes, notably the Evening Meditation on God's Grandeur. He applied an idiosyncratic theory to his later poems – tender subjects needed words containing the front vowel sounds E, I, Y and U, whereas things that may cause fear (like "anger", "envy", "pain" and "sorrow") needed words with back vowel sounds O, U and Y. That was a version of what is now called sound symbolism.
In 1760, Lomonosov published a history of Russia.[39][40] In addition, he attempted to write a grand Aeneid-inspired epic about Peter the Great, but he died before he could finish it.[41]
Legacy
His granddaughter Sophia Konstantinova (1769–1844) married Russian military hero and statesman General
The city of Lomonosov, Russia (formerly Oranienbaum), and a lunar crater bear his name, as does a crater on Mars and the asteroid 1379 Lomonosowa. A Russian satellite launched in 2016 was named Mikhailo Lomonosov after him. The Imperial Porcelain Factory, Saint Petersburg was renamed after him from 1925 to 2005. In 1948, the underwater Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean was named in his honor.[43]
Lomonosov Bridge in Saint Petersburg was named after the polymath. Originally called Tchernyshov Bridge (Chernyshev Bridge) in honour of Count Grigory Tchernyshov (Chernyshev) one of Peter the Great's most prominent generals, whose estates were located nearby, the bridge was erected in 1785−1987, and replaced a wooden bridge which had previously stood at the site. It was one of seven moveable stone bridges of similar design crossing the Fontanka River, built simultaneously with the river's granite embankments. Only Lomonosov Bridge and Staro-Kalinkin Bridge have survived more or less intact.
Moscow's
The Lomonosov Gold Medal was established in 1959 and is awarded annually by the Russian Academy of Sciences to a Russian and a foreign scientist.[45]
The street "Lomonosova iela" in the Maskavas Forštate district of Riga is named in honor of Lomonosov. During the Soviet era, a main street in Tallinn, Estonia, was named in his honor as "M. Lomonossovi", but from 1991, the year when Estonia restored its independence, the street was renamed Gonsiori after Jakob Johann Gonsior, a 19th-century alderman and lawyer.[46]
In
On 19 November 2011, Google celebrated his 300th birthday with a Google Doodle.[48]
A great number of different stamps was issued in honor of Lomonosov throughout the years: Mikhail Lomonosov and the Academy of Sciences building in Leningrad stamp of 1925,[49] stamps depicting Lomonosov issued in 1949,[50] in 1956[51] and in 1961,[52] a 275th Birth Anniversary of M.V. Lomonosov stamp of 1986,[53] a History of Russia (Ekaterina II) stamp depicting Lomonosov and his study room talking to the queen that was issued in 2004,[54] three 300th Anniversary of the Birth of M.V. Lomonosov stamps were issued in 2011.[55][56][57]
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1925
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1945
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1955
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1956
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1961
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1961
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1961
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1986
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2004
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2011
The Akademik Lomonosov, the first of a series of Russian floating nuclear power stations, is named after him. It started operation on 19 December 2019.[58][59]
Moscow State University, founded by him in 1755, was renamed M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1940, while celebrating its 185th anniversary.[60] There are also Moscow Institute of Mechanics and Electrical Engineering M.V. Lomonosov (Lomonosov Institute), Lomonosov Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography, USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow, Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Odessa Technological Institute of Food Industry n.a. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies n.a. M.V. Lomonosov, and several other schools in Russia and Kazakhstan.[61]
On 19 November 1986, on the 275th anniversary of the birth of M.V. Lomonosov, the USSR State Bank issued a 1 ruble commemorative coin from a copper-nickel alloy.[62]
On 6 December 2022, the City Council of the
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1992, the first commemorative coin of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation with a face value of 100 rubles. Gold
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2005, 3 rubles, silver. 250th anniversary of the founding of Moscow State University
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2011, 2 rubles, silver. On the occasion of the 300th birthday
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2015, commemorative coin, 10 rubles
Works
- English translations
- Lomonosov, Mikhail (1767). A Chronological Abridgement of the Russian History. Translated by J.G.A.F. for T. Snelling. [London, Printed for T. Snelling].
- Lomonosov, Mikhail (1966). Panegyric to the Sovereign Emperor, Peter the Great. Translated by Ronald Hingley in Marc Raeff, ed. Russian Intellectual History: An Anthology. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-0391009059.
- Lomonosov, Mikhail (1970). Mikhail Vasil'evich Lomonosov on the Corpuscular Theory. Translated by Henry M. Leicester. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674574205.
- Lomonosov, Mikhail (2012). The Appearance of Venus on the Sun, Observed at the St.Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences on May 26, 1761. Translated by Vladimir Shiltsev in "Lomonosov's Discovery of Venus Atmosphere in 1761: English Translation of Original Publication with Commentaries". arXiv:1206.3489.
- Lomonosov, Mikhail (2012). On the Strata of the Earth. Translation and commentary by S.M. Rowland and S. Korolev. The Geological Society of America, Special Paper 485. ISBN 978-0-8137-2485-0.
- Lomonosov, Mikhail (2017). Oratio De Meteoris Vi Electrica Ortis – Discourse on Atmospheric Phenomena Originating from Electrical Force (1753). Translation and commentary by Vladimir Shiltsev. arXiv:1709.08847.
- Lomonosov, Mikhail (2018). Meditations on Solidity and Fluidity of Bodies (1760). Translation and commentary by Vladimir Shiltsev. arXiv:1801.00909.
- German translations
- Lomonossow, Michail (1961). Michail Wassiljewitsch Lomonossow. Ausgewählte Schriften in zwei Bänden. Berlin-Akademie Verlag.
- Lomonosov, Michail (2015). Erste Grundlagen Der Metallurgie Oder Des Huttenwesens (1763). Herausgegeben und kommentiert von Friedrich Naumann. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3110424072.
- Lomonosov, Michail (2017). Naumann, Friedrich (ed.). Schriften zur Geologie und zum Berg- und Hüttenwesen (1742–1765). Herausgegeben und kommentiert von Friedrich Naumann. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-042406-5. Archived from the originalon 30 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
See also
References
Citations
- ^ "Lomonosov". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8137-2485-0.
- ^ a b Vernadsky, V. (1911) Pamyati M.V. Lomonosova. Zaprosy zhizni, 5: 257-262 (in Russian) [In memory of M.V. Lomonosov]
- ^ a b Menshutkin 1952, p. 11.
- ^ a b c Menshutkin 1952, p. 12.
- ^ Menshutkin 1952, p. 13.
- ^ Galina Evgenʹevna Pavlova; Aleksandr Sergeevich Fedorov (1980). Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov: his life and work. Mir. p. 161.
The atheistic direction of Lomonosov's scientific and artistic creativity was not always consistent. His world outlook, just as that of many other representatives of the age of enlightenment, possessed elements of deism according to which God, having created the universe, assumed no control over its development which was governed by the laws of nature. Lomonosov's deism was no chance factor. As Karl Marx aptly put it, deism was the most convenient and easiest way for many materialists of the 17th–18th centuries to abandon religion.
- ISBN 9780191552939.
No atheistic conclusions spring from 'The Orb of Day has Set' to reverse Lomonosov's deism, but the poem still intrudes a painful gap between man and nature.
- ^ a b Menshutkin 1952, p. 15.
- ^ Menshutkin 1952, p. 16.
- ^ Menshutkin 1952, p. 20.
- ^ a b Menshutkin 1952, p. 17.
- ^ Menshutkin 1952, p. 23.
- ^ Menshutkin 1952, p. 24.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Menshutkin 1952.
- ^ Pavlova, Galina E., and Fedorov, Aleksandr S. Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov: His Life and Work (English Translation). Mir: Moscow, 1980.
- ISBN 978-0-8285-2895-5
- ^ a b Cornwell, Neil and Christian, Nicole. Reference Guide to Russian Literature, p. 514. Taylor & Francis: London, 1998
- ^ R. Crease and V. Shiltsev, "Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765): Scientist in Politically Turbulent Times" in Il Nuovo Saggiatore, vol. 33, issue 5–6 (2017), pp. 43–56 https://www.ilnuovosaggiatore.sif.it/issue/54 Archived 30 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ V. Shiltsev, "Mikhail Lomonosov and the dawn of Russian science", Physics Today (February 2012), vol. 65, http://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.1438
- ^ Menshutkin 1952, p. 120.
- .
- ^ Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasil'evich (1959). Mikhail Vasil'evich Lomonosov on the Corpuscular Theory. Translated by Leicester, Henry M. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 56–57.
- ISBN 978-3-319-99777-3.
- S2CID 53394126.
- .
- S2CID 55848433.
- S2CID 119201160.
- doi:10.1063/pt.3.1894. Archived from the originalon 4 July 2013.
- S2CID 119201160.
- ^ "On an optic pipe improvement" – Lomonosov M.V. Selected works in two volumes. Volume I: Natural sciences and philosophy. Moscow: Nauka (Science) publishing house, 1986 (in Russian). Name in Russian: «Об усовершенствовании зрительных труб» – М.В. Ломоносов. Избранные произведения. В двух томах. Т. 1. Естественные науки и философия. М.: Наука. 1986
- ^ Lomonosov M.V. Meditations on Solidity and Fluidity of Bodies (1760) / translation and commentary by Vladimir Shiltsev (2018); https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00909
- ^ Lomonosov M.V. On the strata of the Earth: a translation of "O sloiakh zemnykh" / translated by S.M. Rowland, S. Korolev. Boulder: Geological Soc. of America, 2012. 41 p. (Special paper; 485)
- ^ Life and Death of Alfred Wegener Archived 11 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine by Alexey Fedorchuk (in Russian)
- ^ Eduard Belcher Prediction of Antarctica by Lomonosov (in Russian)
- ^ Elena Lavrenova. "Lomonosov biography". Foxdesign.ru. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ "М.В. Ломоносов: к 300-летию со дня рождения". narfu.ru. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ "М.А. Безбородое М.В. Ломоносов. Фабрика В Усть-Рудицах". Grokhovs1.chat.ru. 5 December 2001. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ^ A Chronological Abridgement of the Russian History, by Michail Lomonosov
- ^ hist.msu.ru
- ISBN 9781567311525. (originally from the Pennsylvania State University)
- ISBN 978-0-374-23727-1.
- ^ "IHO-IOC GEBCO Gazetteer" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization/Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
- ^ Zubacheva, Ksenia (3 June 2019). "What are the 'major' changes at Russian airports – and should you be worried?". Russia Beyond. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
- ^ "Lomonosov Gold Medal" (in Russian). ras.ru. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
- ^ Hamilton, Simon. "A Rambling Dictionary of Tallinn Street Names". Archived from the original on 26 June 2011.
- ^ "У Дніпрі демонтували пам'ятник Михайлові Ломоносову" [In Dnipro, a memorial to Mikhailo Lomonosov was removed] (The site includes scripts from mail.ru and ok.ru) (in Ukrainian). Radio Svoboda/Radio Freedom. 6 January 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ^ "Mikhail Lomonosov's 300th Birthday". Google. 19 November 2011.
- ^ "Mikhail Lomonosov and building of the Academy in Leningrad". colnect.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Mikhail V. Lomonosov (1711-1765), Russian scientist-polymath". colnect.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Mikhail V. Lomonosov (1711-1765), Russian scientist and poet". colnect.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Portrait of M. V. Lomonosov (by M. Shreier)". colnect.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "275th Birth Anniversary of M.V.Lomonosov". colnect.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Patronage of science". colnect.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "300th Anniversary of the Birth of M.V.Lomonosov, 100 rubles". colnect.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "300th Anniversary of the Birth of M.V.Lomonosov, 200 rubles". colnect.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "300th Anniversary of the Birth of M.V.Lomonosov, 100 rubles, Booklet Pane". colnect.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Russia connects floating plant to grid". World Nuclear News. 19 December 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ "Work starts on on-shore infrastructure for Russian floating plant". World Nuclear News. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
- ^ "History of Moscow University". msu.ru.
- ^ "What was named after Lomonosov?" (in Russian). ria.ru. 19 November 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
- ^ "1 Ruble (275th Anniv. – Birth of polymath Mikhail Lomonosov)". colnect.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
- Ukrayinska Pravda(in Ukrainian). 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
Sources
- Menshutkin, Boris N. (1952). Russia's Lomonosov, Chemist Courtier, Physicist Poet. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ASIN B0007DKTQU.
Further reading
- Crease, Robert (November 2011). "Mikhail Who?". Physics World. 24 (11): 21. .
- Kutateladze, Semen (April 2011). "The Mathematical Background of Lomonosov's Contribution". Journal of Applied and Industrial Mathematics. 5 (2): 155–162. S2CID 54612414.
- Shiltsev, Vladimir (November 2011). "Nov. 19, 1711: Birth of Mikhail Lomonosov, Russia's first modern scientist". APS News. 20 (10).
- Shiltsev, Vladimir (February 2012). "Mikhail Lomonosov and the dawn of Russian science". Physics Today. 65 (2): 40–46. ]
- Crease, Robert (August 2012). "Transit Watching". Physics World. 25 (8): 16. .
- Crease, Robert; Shiltsev, Vladimir (December 2013). "Pomor Polymath: The Upbringing of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, 1711–1730". Physics in Perspective. 15 (4): 391–414. S2CID 120066473.
- C.A. Johnson (June 1964). "Lomonosov's Dedication to His Russian grammar". Slavic Review. 23 (2): 328–332. S2CID 163610178.
- Peter Hoffmann: Michail Vasil'evič Lomonosov (1711–1765). Ein Enzyklopädist im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2011. ISBN 978-3-631-61797-7
- Physics-Uspekhi, Kapitza P.L. (1 May 1966). "Lomonosov and world science". Physics-Uspekhi (in Russian). 8 (5): 720–728. ISSN 1063-7869. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- Norbert Nail (March 2012): Russi intra muros: Studenten aus Sankt Petersburg 1736–1739 bei Christian Wolff in Marburg. Zum 300. Geburtstag des Universalgelehrten Michail Vasil'evič Lomonosov am 19. November 2011. In: Studenten-Kurier 1/2012, pp. 15–19.
- Steven Usitalo (2013): The Invention of Mikhail Lomonosov (A Russian National Myth), Academic Studies Press. ISBN 978-1618111739
- M.W. Lomonossow in Freiberg. Herausgegeben anlässlich der Einweihung des Lomonossow-Hauses in der Freiberger Fischerstraße am 7. Februar 2014 (russisch u. deutsch). Freiberg: TU Bergakademie 2014. (Darin: F. Naumann, Michail Wassiljewitsch Lomonossows Weg in die Wissenschaft; F. Naumann, Das Lomonossow-Haus und seine Geschichte; C. Drebenstedt / B. Meyer, Deutsch-Russische Montanbeziehungen im Wandel der Zeit]. [Russian and German]
- R.Crease and V.Shiltsev, "Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765): Scientist in Politically Turbulent Times" in Il Nuovo Saggiatore, vol. 33, issue 5–6 (2017), pp. 43–56 https://web.archive.org/web/20180130092120/https://www.ilnuovosaggiatore.sif.it/issue/54
- Robert Crease / Vladimir Shiltsev: Fueling Peter's Mill: Mikhail Lomonosov's Educational Training in Russia and Germany, 1731–1741. In: Physics in Perspective, Vol. 20, Issue 3, September 2018, pp. 272–304.
External links
- Сайт о М.В. Ломоносове Archived 5 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine – жизнь, научная деятельность, творчество, историческая родина, туризм на родину Ломоносова, 300-летний юбилей М.В. Ломоносова (in Russian)
- Lomonosov and His Time – electronic collection at the Russian Academy of Sciences website (in Russian)
- Illustrated chronology of Lomonosov's life Archived 13 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- Evening Meditation on the Greatness of God on the occasion of the Northern Lights Archived 13 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- Kutateladze S.S. The Mathematical Background of Lomonosov's Contribution Archived 16 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- Lomonosov's matriculation, Marburg 17 November 1736 Archived 21 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- Lomonosov's Passport, Marburg 13 May 1741