List of largest reptiles

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This list of largest reptiles takes into consideration both body length and mass of large

birds or fish, mass in reptiles is frequently poorly documented, thus subject to conjecture and estimation.[1]

The saltwater crocodile is considered to be the largest extant reptile, verified at up to 6.32 m (20.7 ft) in length and around 1,000–1,500 kg (2,200–3,300 lb) in mass.[2] Larger specimens have been reported albeit not fully verified,[3] the maximum of which is purportedly 7 m (23 ft) long with an estimated mass of 2,000 kg (4,400 lb).[1]

The following table below lists the 15 largest extant reptile species ranked according to their average mass range, with maximum reported/reliable/estimated mass also being provided.

Overall

Rank Species Image Mass range [kg] Maximum mass [kg] Maximum length [m]
1 Saltwater crocodile

Kakadu_3620

400 – 1,300[2][4] 2,000[2] 7[5]
2 Nile crocodile[6][7][8][9]

NileCrocodile—Etiopia-Omo-River-Valley-01

250 – 900[10][11] 1,090[6] 6.5[6]
3 American crocodile

Crocodylus_acutus_jalisco_mexico

150 – 600[12] 1,283[13] 7[14]
4 Orinoco crocodile

Orinoco_crocodile_Cocodrilo_del_Orinoco_(Crocodylus_intermedius)

200 – 700[15][16] 1,100 7[17]
5 Black caiman

Jacaré_Açú

300 – 500[18] 1,100[19][20] 6[21][22]
6 American alligator

Two_american_alligators

200 – 500[23][24] 1,000[1] 5.8
7 Gharial

Gavialis_gangeticus_in_Prague_Zoo

160 – 680[25][26] 1,000[27] 7[28]
8 Leatherback sea turtle

Close_up_of_Leatherback_turtle_-_DPLA_-_d4ddd2fbaacd1721cf967f9263e08909

200 – 500[29][30] 961.1[31] 3
9 False gharial

Onechte_Gaviaal_(7815437740)

100 – 590[32][33][34] 800[35] 7[36] 7
10 Mugger crocodile

Mugger_crocodile_(Crocodylus_palustris)_walking

160 – 450[37] 700[38] 5.63
11 Slender-snouted crocodile

Krokodýl_štítnatý

125 - 325[39][40][41] 667[42] 4.5[43]
12 Loggerhead sea turtle

Loggerhead_Sea_Turtle-Caretta_caretta_(17298266875)

100 – 350[44][45][46] 545[47] 2.1[47]
13 Green sea turtle

Chelonia_mydas_183369049

100–320 500[48][49] 1.8
14 Galapagos tortoise

Chelonoidis_porteri_114750622

150 – 300[50][51] 417[52] 1.8
15 Aldabra giant tortoise

Aldabra_giant_tortoise_2

132 – 250[53] 360[1] 1.5

Lizards and snakes (Squamata)

The Green anaconda is the most massive living snake.
Further information: List of largest snakes
Further information: List of largest extant lizards
  • The most massive living member of this highly diverse reptilian order is the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) of the neotropical riverways. These may exceed 6 m (20 ft) and 200 kg (440 lb), although such reports are not fully verified.[54] Rumors of larger anacondas also persist.[55] The reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) of Southeast Asia is longer but more slender, and has been reported to measure as much as 8 m (26 ft) in length and weigh up to 168 kg (370 lb).[1][56][57] The Burmese python, a south-east Asian species is known to reach up to 6 m (20 ft) and weigh as much as 150 kg (330 lb) and is generally among the three heaviest species of snakes.[58] Several other species of python can reach or exceed 6 m (20 ft) in length and 90 kg (200 lb) in weight. The fossil of the largest snake ever, the extinct boa Titanoboa were found in coal mines in Colombia. This snake was estimated to reach a length of 12.8 m (42 ft) and weighed about 1,135 kg (2,502 lb).[59]
Indian rat snake is among the largest species in the family Colubridae
.
  • Among the
    Pseustes sulphureus
    ) can reach lengths of 3 m (10 ft), but they are relatively slender and generally do not exceed 5 kg (11 lb) in weight.
The King cobra is the longest venomous snake in the world.
  • The longest venomous snake is the
    venomous snake in the world is possibly the African black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis), which can grow up to 4.5 m (15 ft). Among the genus Naja, the longest member arguably may be the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca), which can reportedly grow up to 3.2 m (10.5 ft). The King brown snake, reaching lengths of up to 3.3 m (11 ft) and weights of 8 kg (18 lb) or more, is the largest venomous snake in Australia.[64] The Yellow sea snake (Hydrophis spiralis) is the largest of the sea snakes growing up to a length of 3 m (10 ft). Few other elapids can reach or exceed 3 m (10 ft) in length and 9 kg (20 lb) in weight.[65][66]
The Eastern diamondback rattlesnake is one of the heaviest venomous snakes in the world.
  • The
    Central American bushmaster (Lachesis stenophrys), with a maximum length in the range of 3 to 4 m (10 to 13 ft), with the former being considered as the third-longest venomous snake in the world.[70]
The Komodo dragon is the largest living species of lizard in the world.
  • The largest of the monitor lizards (and the largest extant lizard in genera) is the
    Crocodile monitor (Varanus salvadorii) is probably the longest living lizard, known to grow as much as 3.23 m (10.6 ft), with reported lengths of up to 4.8 m (16 ft) and weights of up to 90 kg (200 lb).[71][72][73] The Asian water monitor is also one of the largest lizards in the world, with sizes of up to 3.21 m (10.5 ft) and reported weights of up to 90 kg (200 lb).[74] Few other species (such as perentie and nile monitor) can reach or possibly exceed 2.4 m (8 ft) in length and 20 kg (44 lb) in weight. The prehistoric Australian megalania (Varanus priscus), which may have existed up to 40,000 years ago, is the largest terrestrial lizard known to exist, but the lack of a complete skeleton has resulted in a wide range of size estimates. Molnar's 2004 assessment resulted in an average weight of 320 kg (710 lb) and length of 4.5 m (15 ft), and a maximum of 1,940 kg (4,280 lb) at 7 m (23 ft) in length, which is toward the high end of the early estimates.[75]
The Blue iguana is the most massive extant iguana.
Skeletal mount of Mosasaurus, the largest known mosasaur and squamate.
  • By far the largest-ever members of this order were the giant
    Hainosaurus, Mosasaurus, and Tylosaurus), which grew to around 17 m (56 ft) and were projected to weigh up to 20 t (44,000 lb).[88]

Tuataras (Sphenodontia)

The larger of the two

Brothers Island tuatara
(Sphenodon guntheri). The maximum size is 1.4 kg (3.1 lb) and 76 cm (30 in).

Ichthyosaurs (Ichthyosauria)

Ichthyosaur
, a prehistoric giant marine reptile.

Some of these marine reptiles were comparable in size to modern cetaceans. Until 2024, the largest

Cymbospondylus youngorum is the largest Middle Triassic ichthyosaur, with 17.65 m (57.9 ft) in length and 45 t (99,000 lb) in weight.[91] In 2022 the tooth of a giant predatory ichthyosaur (unofficially named Swiss Tyrant) was discovered in the Swiss Alps. Based on crown diameter, the animal was about 18 m (59 ft) long and weighed 55 t (121,000 lb), making it one of the largest marine reptiles ever.[96]

Pantestudines

Turtles and tortoises (Testudines)

The giant leatherback sea turtle, the largest extant turtle, digs a nest on the beach.
  • The largest extant turtle is the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), reaching a maximum total length of 3 m (10 ft) and a weight of 961 kg (2,119 lb).[1][97] The second-largest extant testudine is the Loggerhead sea turtle. It tends to weight slightly more average weight than the green sea turtle, and reaches more massive top sizes. The Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) reaches a maximum size of 2.1 m (7 ft) and weight of 545 kg (1,202 lb), while the Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) reaches a maximum weight in the range of 395 to 500 kg (871 to 1,102 lb).[47] The Flatback sea turtle (Natator depressus) may reach a weight of up to 350 kg (770 lb).[98] Other species of Sea turtles are small-medium in size, but are still considered as large-sized for a typical turtle.
The Alligator snapping turtle is the largest extant freshwater turtle in North America.
Galapagos tortoise is the largest living tortoise
.
  • The Galápagos tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra) and the Aldabra giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea) are considered the largest truly terrestrial reptiles alive today.[1] While the Aldabra tortoise averages larger at 205 kg (452 lb), the more variable-sized Galapagos tortoise can reach a greater maximum size of 400 kg (880 lb) and 1.85 m (6.1 ft) in total length.[104][105] The Aldabra giant tortoise has a maximum recorded weight of 363 kg (800 lb). The African spurred tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata) is the third-largest extant tortoise (and the largest mainland tortoise) in the world. The large adults of this species may reach 1 m (3.3 ft) in length and weigh more than 100 kg (220 lb).[106] Other relatively large-sized tortoises include the Yellow-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulatus) and Leopard tortoise (Stigmochelys pardelis), at up to 54 kg (119 lb), and the Asian forest tortoise (Manouria emys), at up to 37 kg (82 lb) or more, can be rather large as well.[107][108] The tortoise Megalochelys, of the Pleistocene epoch from what is now Pakistan and India, was even larger, at nearly 2.7 m (9 ft) in shell length[109] and 0.8–1.0 t (1,800–2,200 lb).[110]
The Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) is the largest of the side-necked turtles.
  • The largest of side-necked turtles (Pleurodira) is the Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa). Its carapace length is up to 1.07 m (3.5 ft) and adults can reach up to 90 kg (200 lb) in weight.[111] There are also reports of these turtles weighing up to 118 kg (260 lb).[112] The Mata mata (Chelus fimbriata) is another large species of side-necked turtle with a carapace length of up to 1 m (3.3 ft) and weight of more than 21 kg (46 lb).
Skeletal mount of Archelon, which is considered as one of the largest turtles to have ever existed.
  • There are many extinct turtles that vie for the title of the largest ever.
    Archelon ischyros, a sea turtle, which reached a length of 5 m (16 ft) and a weight of 2,200 kg (4,900 lb).[114]

Meiolaniformes

A terrestrial relative of turtles survived until about 2,000 years ago, the Australasian Meiolania at about 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in) long and a weight of over 1 t (2,200 lb).[1] Later research suggests the maximum length possibly over 3 m (9.8 ft).[115]

Plesiosaurs (Plesiosauria)

Further information:
Plesiosaur size
Skeletal mount of a Plesiosaur.

Pliosaurus funkei at 10–13 m (33–43 ft) in length.[117]

Crocodilians (Crocodilia)

The Saltwater crocodile is a formidable apex predator throughout its range and is considered to be the largest extant crocodilian.
  • Some species of
    critically endangered Orinoco crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) can reach lengths of 6 m (20 ft) or more. The largest known specimen among the living crocodilians was an Orinoco crocodile with a length of 6.78 m (22.2 ft).[2] One of the largest known Saltwater crocodile measured 6.2 m (20.3 ft) and was shot in Papua New Guinea.[2] A 6.17 m (20.2 ft) long individual was captured alive in Mindanao in 2011.[3] The largest confirmed Saltwater crocodile on record was 6.32 m (20.7 ft) long, and weighed about 1,360 kg (3,000 lb).[118] In 2006, Guinness World Records accepted claims of a 7-metre (23 ft), 2,000-kilogram (4,400 lb) male saltwater crocodile, living within Bhitarkanika National Park.[119] Due to the difficulty of trapping and measuring a large living crocodile, the accuracy of these dimensions is yet to be verified. These observations and estimations have been made by park officials over the course of ten years, from 2006 to 2016, however, regardless of the skill of the observers it cannot be compared to a verified tape measurement, especially considering the uncertainty inherent in visual size estimation in the wild.[120] The largest Nile crocodile accurately measured, shot near Mwanza, Tanzania, measured 6.45 m (21.2 ft) and weighed about 1,043–1,089 kg (2,300–2,400 lb).[118] Another large Nile crocodile specimen was purported to be a man-eater from Burundi named Gustave; it was thought to have been more than 6.1 m (20 ft) long. The American crocodile is also one of the largest crocodile species, with large males in the southern part of their range reported to approach 6.1 m (20 ft) in size. Based on projections from various skulls, the largest males may have reached 6–7 m (20–23 ft) in length, and their predicted mass reached up to 1,283 kg (2,829 lb).[121] Other crocodiles can also grow to large sizes, such the Mugger crocodile, which typically reaches an average maximum length of 4–5 m (13–16 ft), and has a maximum reported length of 5.63 m (18.5 ft). The extinct Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni was the largest species in its genus, growing up to 7.56 m (24.8 ft) in length.[122] The largest true crocodile ever existed is Euthecodon which estimated to have reached 6.4–8.6 m (21–28 ft) or even 10 m (33 ft) long.[123][124]
Gharials are long, narrow-snouted crocodilians, and are among the largest species.
  • A 6.55 m (21.5 ft) long
    Ghaghara River in Faizabad in August 1920.[125] Male gharials may grow up to a length of 7 m (23 ft).[126][28] The heaviest recorded gharial was a male measuring 6.25 m (20.5 ft) in total length and weighing 977 kg (2,154 lb).[127] The False gharial is also a large crocodilian with males reaching 5 m (16 ft) in length, weighing up to at least 590 kg (1,300 lb).[34] The largest gavialid to ever exist was the extinct Rhamphosuchus from the Miocene of Asia. It was originally thought to be 18 m (59 ft) long and more than 20 t (44,000 lb) in weight but later estimations suggest 11 m (36 ft) and 2–3 t (4,400–6,600 lb). Based on its fossils, the latter species was less massive and heavy than the other giant crocodilians, weighing an estimated 3 t (6,600 lb).[128][129]
The American alligator is among the largest in the family Alligatoridae.
  • The largest member of the family Alligatoridae is the Black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) with the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) sometimes growing to similar lengths. Black caimans can reach more than 5 m (16 ft) in length and weigh up to 750 kg (1,650 lb).[130] American alligators can be almost as large, with males reaching 4.6 m (15 ft) in length and weighing over 500 kg (1,100 lb).[131] Unverified reports suggest lengths of up to 6 m (20 ft) for the black caiman and 5.84 m (19.2 ft) for the American alligator, reaching weights of over 1,000 kg (2,200 lb), but such lengths are probably exaggerated.
Deinosuchus (fossil specimen), one of the largest crocodilians to ever exist.
  • The giant prehistoric caiman,
    Sarcosuchus imperator of the early Cretaceous was found in the Sahara desert and could measure up to 9–9.5 m (30–31 ft) and weigh an estimated 3.5 t (7,700 lb).[135]

Pterosaurs (Pterosauria)

Further information: Pterosaur size

A Mesozoic reptile is believed to have been the largest flying animal that ever existed: the pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus northropi, from North America during the late Cretaceous. This species is believed to have weighed up to 126 kg (278 lb), measured 7.9 m (26 ft) in total length (including a neck length of over 3 m (9.8 ft)) and measured up to 10–12 m (33–39 ft) across the wings.[136][137] Another possible contender for the largest pterosaur is Hatzegopteryx, which is estimated to have had an 11–12 m (36–39 ft) wingspan.[137][136] An unnamed Mongolian pterodactyloid pterosaur[138] and Arambourgiania from Jordan could reach a wingspan of nearly 10 m (33 ft).[139]

Non-avian dinosaurs (Dinosauria)

Skeletal reconstruction of Sauroposeidon proteles
Main article: Largest prehistoric animals § Non-avian dinosaurs (Dinosauria)
Further information: Dinosaur size

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