List of works influenced by One Thousand and One Nights
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The Middle Eastern story collection One Thousand and One Nights has had a profound impact on culture around the world.
Literature
The influence of the versions of The Nights on world literature is immense. Writers as diverse as
This work has been influential in the West since it was translated in the 18th century, first by
18th century
- Candide, ou l'optimisme (Candide, or Optimism; 1758) by Voltaire, contains a number of references to the story of Sindbâd the Seaman, notably the underground river in Eldorado, where in Candide the heroes are picked up by a machine. In his introduction to Zadig, Voltaire wrote (NB the sultan referred to is Ulugh Beg in English transcription):
The story was first written in Chaldean, which neither you nor I understand. Later it was translated into Arabic to amuse the famous Sultan Ouloug Beg, at the same time that the Arabs and Persians were beginning to write the Thousand-and-one-Nights, the Thousand-and-one-Days etc. Ouloug Beg preferred Zadig, but the Sultanas liked the Thousand-and-One more. 'How is it possible,' said the wise Ouloug, 'that you prefer tales which have neither sense nor reason?' 'That is just why we like them so much,' replied the Sultanas.
Further references to the Arabian Nights are expressed in parallels with the stories of Khudâdâd and His Brothers, 'Alâ' al-Dîn, and the History of the Princess of Daryâbâr. Whereas the Arabian Nights focuses on the narrative themes of providence and destiny, Voltaire substituted the interference of divine power with human intervention.
- Nourjahad (1767), moral tale by Frances Sheridan.[5]
- One Thousand and One Nights influenced The Manuscript Found in Saragossa, by Jan Potocki. A Polish noble of the late 18th century, he travelled the Orient looking for an original edition of The Nights, but never found it. Upon returning to Europe, he wrote his masterpiece, a multi-levelled frame tale.
19th century
- ’’The Nights’’ has also inspired poetry in English, e.g. Alfred Tennyson’s poem, "Recollections of the Arabian Nights" (1830). William Wordsworth refers to his childhood reading of the stories in ’’The Prelude’’ (1805).
- The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas includes a scene where Edmund Dantes Adopts the pseudonym Sinbad the Sailor (1844).
- Edgar Allan Poe wrote a "Thousand and Second Night" as a separate tale, called "The Thousand and Second Tale of Scheherazade" (1845).
- ’’New Arabian Nights’’ (1882) is a collection of stories by Robert Louis Stevenson.
20th century
- The book is referenced in numerous works by Jorge Luis Borges.
- The horse in, and protagonist of, Robert Lawson's 1953 children's historical novel, Mr. Revere and I: Being an Account of certain Episodes in the Career of Paul Revere, Esq. as Revealed by his Horse, is named Scheherazade (nicknamed "Sherry").
- Chimera, is a re-telling of the Scheherazade framing story in which the author appears to Scheherazade from the future and recounts stories from the 1001 Nights to her in order to provide her with material with which to forestall her execution.
- A A sequel, The Masters of Sleep (1950), was also published.
- Prince of Stories, in order that it never be forgotten. It is implied that the Thousand and One Nights is part of the result of that bargain.
- Bill Willingham, creator of the comic book series Fables, used the story of The Nights as the basis of a prequel, 1001 Nights of Snowfall. In the book, Snow White tells the tales of the Fables, magical literary characters, to the sultan in order to avoid her impending death.
- Two notable novels loosely based on The Nights are Arabian Nights and Days by Naguib Mahfouz and When Dreams Travel by Githa Hariharan. The children's novel The Storyteller's Daughter by Cameron Dokey is also loosely derived from The Nights.
- Larry Niven, a Science Fiction & Fantasy author, wrote The Tale of the Jenni and the Sisters. It supposedly told another tale by Scheherazade, and appeared in his short story collection N-Space (short story collection) (1990).
- Craig Shaw Gardner wrote a trilogy: The Other Sinbad (1990), A Bad Day for Ali Baba (1991) and Scheherazade's Night Out in 1992.
- A.S. Byatt: The Djinn in the Nightingale's Eye(short story, 1994)
- In Stephen King's Misery, the protagonist is forced to write a novel under threat of death or dismemberment at the hands of a crazed fan. On several occasions throughout the story, he compares his situation to Scheherazade's.[9] Also, the novel describes the main antagonist (Annie Wilkes) as Scheherazade.
- In Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children, the narrator repeatedly compares his own tales of his life to Scheherazade's, and mentions that he can't "count on having even a thousand nights and a night" (page 4) in which to tell them. Rushdie also makes references to the tales in Haroun and the Sea of Stories, including the names of the main characters.
- In Thomas Pynchon's Mason & Dixon, narrator Rev. Wicks Cherrycoke must tell his extended family an entertaining story in order to remain a guest at their home, a predicament similar to Scheherazade's.
- In L. Frank Baum's John Dough and the Cherub(1906), the two heroes, Chick the Cherub, a child of unknown gender and John Dough, a man made out of gingerbread, flying from Ali Dubh, reach many fabulous lands. In the chapter titled "The Palace of Romance", Chick has to weave an unending story about a Silver Pig with marvellous powers. Should he ever run out of story to tell, he and John Dough would be cast into the ocean to drown, this being the custom of the people in dealing with visitors who cannot entertain them.
- Kannitheevu (Virgin Island) is a long-running Indian newspaper comic-strip in Dina Thanthi. It debuted in 1960 with stories from the Arabian Nights, the initial one focusing on Sindbad, when he rescues young women captured by an evil magician on the "Virgin Island".[10]
- Arabya Rajani’r Golpo, an Indian comics series adaptation by Amar Majumdar of the Arabian Nights was published in the Bengali-language children's magazine Kishore Bharati, by Dinesh Chandra Chattopadhyay.[11]
- Various stories from the collection ran as monthly comics in the Indian children's magazine Chandamama.[12]
21st century
- DC Comics' 2001 Elseworlds graphic novel Green Lantern: 1001 Emerald Nights is based on the Nights.
- Richard Siken’s 2004 poetry book Crush begins with a poem titled "Scheherazade".
- Ted Chiang's 2007 novelette The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate is a science-fiction pastiche of the Nights that uses its premise to drive a similar nesting structure of stories.
- David Foster's 2009 novel Sons of the Rumour is a pastiche of the Nights.[13]
- P. B. Kerr's "Children of the Lamp" series draws many elements from the Nights.
- Benjamin Buchholz's 2011 novel One Hundred and One Nights uses the frame of Scheherazade's storytelling technique to narrate a tale about the village of Safwan, Iraq during the most recent American war.[14]
- The Oath of the Vayuputras is a 2013 novel by Amish Tripathi that has a Parihan character named Scheherazade.
- Elizabeth Wein whose main character is occasionally called Scheherazade. She is a Scottish spy who was captured by the SS in Occupied France, and is writing down her story and war time secrets to spare herself torture.
- Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights, a 2015 novel by Salman Rushdie.
- Shadow Spinner is a retelling of the story by Susan Fletcher illustrated by Dave Kramer, where a young girl, Marjan, rescues the fabled Shahrazad from the Sultan's wrath.
- Renee Ahdieh.
- Ghost Quartet, a song cycle by composer Dave Malloy, incorporates elements of Scheherazade's narration and her relationship to the Sultan.
- In Nikita Gill's 2018 poetry collection "Fierce Fairytales: & Other Stories to Stir Your Soul" she has a poem entitled "Scheherazade the Clever."[15]
- Robert Shearman's short story collection We All Hear Stories in the Dark is heavily inspired by the Nights – openly so – and has been described as a postmodern take on them.
Japanese literature
The Nights also had an influence on modern
Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic is a Japanese fantasy manga written by Shinobu Ohtaka which borrows several elements from the Nights. Each of the three protagonists, Aladdin, Alibaba and Morgiana have several traits in common with their counterparts from the original, with the same occurring with other characters like Sinbad, Cassim and Scheherazade. First released in 2009, it was adapted into an anime series in 2012.
Drama
There have been many adaptations of The Nights for television, cinema and radio.
The atmosphere of The Nights influenced such films as
In the late 1930s, Fleischer Studios produced three two-reel animated Popeye cartoons in colour for Paramount Pictures. All three cartoons, known also as the Popeye Color Specials (or Features), were adapted from The Nights: Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor, Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves, and Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp.
One of Hollywood's first feature films to be based on The Nights was in 1942, with the movie called
Columbia Pictures released A Thousand and One Nights, starring Cornel Wilde as Aladdin, in 1945.
In the 1952 Universal Pictures movie The Golden Blade, Harun al-Rashid (Rock Hudson) uses a magical sword that makes him invincible to free Baghdad from the evil vizier Jafar and his son Hadi and win the love of the beautiful princess Khairuzan (Piper Laurie).
The 1955 RKO Pictures film Son of Sinbad combines the Sinbad character with Ali Baba's Forty Thieves (who in this film are all female).
The 1958 movie
In 1959,
In 1982, an X-rated adaptation entitled “A Thousand And One Erotic Nights” was produced, starring Annette Haven as “Scheherezade”.
The most commercially successful movie based on The Nights was
A French animated television series, Princesse Shéhérazade, was originally broadcast from 1996 until 1999.
"The Voyages of Sinbad" has been adapted for television and film several times, most recently in the 2003 animated feature Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas, featuring the voices of Brad Pitt and Catherine Zeta-Jones.
A recent well-received television adaptation was the
In 2001, the Radio Tales series produced a trilogy of dramas adapted from the Arabian Nights, including the stories of Aladdin, Ali Baba, and Sindbad.
Other versions of The Nights include the 1974 Italian movie
There are numerous
(1998; Malayalam).The Turkish television series Binbir Gece (Thousand and one nights) is a modern re-telling of the book. It is about an architect named Şehrazat (Scheherazade) who spends a night with her boss for a money to pay for her son's expensive surgery.
In 2009, the
In the episode "Stan of Arabia (Part II)" of American Dad!, Roger distracts a wealthy sheik with stories from American soap operas to delay consummating their marriage.
Bugs Bunny portrayed a Scheherazade-like character in Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales. Bugs must entertain Sultan Yosemite Sam and his son Prince Abba-Dabba with story after story or else be subject to beheading.
In the third-season episode "The Scheherazade Job" of the TNT series Leverage, Hardison (the "Hacker") has to play the violin solo in a live performance of Scheherazade in order for the crew to successfully rob the story's villain. Ironically, the crew is so captivated by Hardison's playing of the solo in the fourth movement that they stop still during the robbery to listen. While discussing Scheherazade, Sophie says she was the first "grifter", being able to make the king fail to keep his murderous vow and then to make him fall for her.
The
Sherazade, the untold stories, is a CGI cartoon TV series for children started in 2017.[25]
In season 9, episode 8 of the Cartoon Network series Adventure Time (Elements Part 7: Hero Heart) Ice King and Betty run into Lumpy Space Princess while riding on a magic carpet. Ice King greets her by saying "Check it out, LSP! It's a real, magic, flying carpet! I feel just like Scheherazade."
In 2018,
Scheherezade is portrayed by Meredith Stepien in the 2013 Starkid musical
Arabbya Rajani (Arabian Nights) is an Indian Bengali-language drama television show. An adaptation of various tales from the collection, it aired on Colors Bangla in 2019.[26]
Music
Classical
- In 1888, the Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov completed his Op. 35 Scheherazade, in four movements, based upon four of the tales from The Nights: "The Sea and Sinbad's Ship", "The Kalendar Prince", "The Young Prince and The Young Princess", and "Festival at Baghdad".
- Shéhérazade (1902) is a set of three poems for voice and orchestra by the French composer Maurice Ravel.
- The final movement of male voice choir.
- Carl Nielsen created his Aladdin Suite (1918–1919) from incidental music he composed for a revival of Oehlenschläger's 1805 play Aladdin.
- 1990 saw the premiere of La Noche de las Noches, a work for string quartet and electronics by Ezequiel Viñao (based on a reading from Burton's "Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night").[27]
- John Adams's 2014 "dramatic symphony" and concerto for violin, Scheherazade.2 imagines a modern and more heroic female lead.
Opera
- François-Adrien Boieldieu: Le calife de Bagdad (1800) [28]
- Carl Maria von Weber: Abu Hassan (1811)
- Luigi Cherubini: Ali Baba (1833) [28]
- Peter Cornelius: Der Barbier von Bagdad (1858)
- Ernest Reyer: La statue (1861)
- Henri Rabaud: Mârouf, savetier du Caire (1914)
Popular
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- There have been several Arabian Nights musicals and operettas, either based on particular tales or drawing on the general atmosphere of the book including Chu Chin Chow (1916) and Kismet (1953), not to mention several musicals and innumerable pantomimes on the story of "Aladdin."
- In 1975, the band Renaissance released an album called Scheherazade and Other Stories. The second half of this album consists entirely of the "Song of Scheherazade", an orchestral-rock composition based on The Nights. A live, 29-minute version of the piece, called simply "Scheherazade", was included in their 1976 release, Live at Carnegie Hall.
- At some point in his career, Isao Tomito created a variation of Scheherazade using synthesizers.
- The 1986 song "Rhymin' and Stealin'" by rap group the Beastie Boys makes reference to the story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves.
- The 1991 song "Şehrezat" by famous Turkish songwriter and singer Barış Manço is strongly based on Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov) with an extended part of original lyrics.
- In the song "Scheherazade", on his 1988 album Madonna.
- Kamelot's song "Nights of Arabia" from the 1999 album The Fourth Legacy describes the story of Scheherazade.
- Caroline Lavelle included a song called "Sheherazade" on her 1995 album Spirit.
- Sparks featured a song titled "Scheherazade" on their 2000 album Balls, from the point of view of the King.
- The song "One Thousand and One Nights" by ("In the Case of Yuki Aihara"), references The Nights in both the title and the lyrics.
- In 2003, Nordic experimental indie pop group When released an album called Pearl Harvest with lyrics from The Nights.
- In 2004, psychedelic trance group 1200 Micrograms released song called "1001 Arabian Nights" on The Time Machine album.
- In 2004, the Santa Clara Vanguard performed "Scheherazade" for their Drum Corps International show.
- In 2007, Japanese pop duo Bennie K released a single titled "1001 Nights", also releasing a music video strongly based on The Nights.
- In 2007, the Finnish Symphonic metal band Nightwish wrote a song "Sahara" on their album Dark Passion Play which relates to the 1001 Nights stories.[29]
- In 2008, New Age artist Al Conti released his album Scheherazade.
- 2008 saw the birth of Australian metalcore band, Ebony Horse, named after the tale "The Ebony Horse."
- The Dutch music group Ch!pz has also released a song called "1001 Arabian Nights" and also has a film clip to go along with it which illustrates one of the stories.
- Mexican female music group Flans released a song called "Las Mil y una Noches" (One Thousand and One Nights)
- "Scheherazade" is a song by Panda Bear, from the 2011 album Tomboy.
- On In Once Upon A Time (In Space), an album by The Mechanisms, there is a song "The Resistance Grows", in which Scheherazade is the Emperor's "Silver tongued propaganda minister".
- The steampunk band Abney Park released a song titled "Scheherazade" in their 2013 album, The Circus At the End of the World.
- In 2014, the Santa Clara Vanguard performed "Scheherazade" once again for their Drum Corps International show.
- In 2015, Jason Kouchak performed Scheherazade at the Emirates Airline Festival of Literature.
- In 2016, the American alternative country band Freakwater released their 10th album, Scheherazade, on Bloodshot Records.
- In 2016, Chillwave artist Bei Ru released a song titled "Dinner With Scheherazade/Interstellar Glamour Life" on his 2016 album L.A. Zooo.
Sculpture and visual arts
- In Iraq, from the time the Hashemite monarchy was overthrown (in 1969), Iraqi artists searched for a visual language that would reference their deep artistic and literary heritage. A number of sculptures by sculptor Mohammed Ghani Hikmat, now dotted around the city of Baghdad, were inspired by stories from One Thousand and One Nights. These include statues of Sinbad, the sailor;[30] Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves; Kahramana Fountain featuring Morgiana pouring hot oil on the thieves hidden in jars;[31] Shahriyar and Scheherazade; Flying Carpets and the Magic Lantern. [32]
Other
- The story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, an 18th Century addition to The 1001 Nights, has itself been widely adapted.
Games
- The tales of Sheherazade were a major source for the creation of Hollywoodcinematic history.
- The first expansion set for Arabian Nights", containing cards based on and inspired by One Thousand and One Nights. This included a card called "Shahrazad" which required the two players to play a separate game within the current game. This was often followed by another Shahrazad being played within that subgame, resulting in "1,001 games" of Magic. It is because of this, and the time it takes, that the card is banned in all sanctioned tournament formats.[34]
- Jordan Mechner stated that The Nights was an inspiration for his popular Prince of Persia series.
- Tales of the Arabian Nights is a paragraph-based story-telling board game first produced by West End Games in 1985. A second edition was published by Edition Erlkönig in 1999, and a third edition by Z-Man Games was reissued July 2009.
- The Magic of Scheherazade, a 1989 game produced by the Japanese company Culture Brain for the Nintendo Entertainment System, takes its title from the female protagonist of the Arabian Nights and includes many of the typical trappings of Arabian Nights tales, but has little, if any, direct connection to the tales.
- The setting of the 1990 EGA PC adventure game Quest for Glory II: Trial by Fire is based on The Nights.
- In 1993 Sinbadaiming to rescue the princess.
- In 2001 Windows action-adventure game called Arabian Nightswhere player character Ali rescues the Sultan's five daughters.
- One Thousand and One Nights is the basis for the story of the video game King Shahryār. “Shahra” is the Japanese nickname for Scheherazadeand Shahra is most likely based on Scheherazade. At the end of the story, Shahra even used Scheherazade's regular 'that is a story for another time' line, to refer the continuing story of Sonic, Ali Baba and Sinbad.
- "Scheherazade" is the name of an unlockable bonus character in Nightmare, Siegfried, Yoda, and Yoshimitsu.
- "Scheherazade" is also in the Korean MMORPG, Atlantica Online, as a side quest character near the Hanging Gardens of Babylon dungeon.
- Williams.
- Scherazard Harvey of the Trails series is named after Scherazard of One Thousand and One Nights and dressed in an Arabian-style outfit.
- "Scheherazade" is a program card available to the Hacker players in Android: Netrunner. The art is inspired by One Thousand and One Nights and the flavour text makes reference to the number as well.
- Scheherazade is a prominent character in the Force of Will trading card game with multiple cards named after her; "Scheherazade, the Teller of 1001 Stories", "Scheherazade. the Teller of the Crimson Moon" and "Stories Told in 1001 Nights".
- Scheherazade is a playable Caster-class Servant in Fate/Grand Order. Her Noble Phantasm is named Alf Layla Wa-Layla, the Arabic title of One Thousand and One Nights.
- Scheherazade is a playable character in Grimms Notes.
- Scheherazade is a playable character in Volition's Agents of Mayhem. She is a Middle-Eastern woman (the specific country is unspecified) who loves story-telling and keeps her true identity a secret (unlike the rest of the playable cast and most of the game's characters). She is trained in stealth and subterfuge, is considered a "ninja" due to favouring a scimitar over guns and other projectile weapons, and possesses an amulet that can alter or repair reality.
- Scheherazade is an obtainable 6 Star, Light-affinity character card in the mobile game Legendary: Game of Heroes, depicted as an armoured Middle-Eastern woman, carrying a fauchard and riding the back of an armoured tiger. She also falls under the character classifications Warrior, Fable, and Commander.
- Scheherazade is a character in the Poptropica island "Arabian Nights", where she is the leader of the Forty Thieves.
- Genshin Impact contains a character called Dunyarzad, named after Scheherazade's younger sister.
References
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- ^ ISBN 0-312-19869-8.
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- ^ Irwin p.245-252
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- ^ "Could you help me to write an analysis of Stephen King's Misery? | eNotes". eNotes. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- The Hindu.
- ^ "Amar Majumdar, Arabya Rajani'r Golpo, Sharadiya Kishore Bharati, 1410". The Comic Book in India. Jadavpur University. 15 May 2014.
- ^ Ganesh, R. (5 July 2018). "I'm a Child of Chandamama". Prekshaa.
- ^ Ley, James (November 2009), "A town called Merv" (PDF), Australian Book Review: 15–16, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-09
- ^ Hamilton, Masha (January 2012), "Benjamin Buchholz's 'One Hundred and One Nights': War as intimate and subtle", The Washington Post
- ISBN 9780316420730.
- ISBN 1-85043-768-8
- ISBN 1-85043-768-8
- ISBN 1-85043-768-8
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- ISBN 1-85043-768-8
- ISBN 1-85043-768-8
- ^ Murakami, Haruki (October 15, 2014). "Scheherazade". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
- ^ "Nippon Animation Makes Sinbad Adventure Film for July". Anime News Network. January 23, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
- ^ "Sherazade: The Untold Stories (TV Series 2017) - IMDb".
- ^ "Arabbya Rajani". Voot.
- ^ Ezequiel Vinao La Noche de las Noches
- ^ a b Iranica
- ^ Lyrics of "Sahara" Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, University of California Press, 1991, p. 72
- ^ Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, University of California Press, 1991, p. 74; Shabout, N., "Jewad Selim: On Abstraction and Symbolism," in Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Arab World, Online
- ^ Jaireth, S., "Baghdad will remain Baghdad: Mohammed Ghani Hikmat and his Tales of the Thousand and One Nights," Occasional Paper, Online:
- ^ a b "History of Opa-locka Architecture".
- ^ "Sharazad Sets and Legality - Gatherer".