Ripuarian language

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Low Dietsch dialects
)
Not to be confused with riparian zone.
Ripuarian
Native toGermany, Belgium, Netherlands
RegionNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Liège Province, Limburg
Native speakers
(Kölsch: 250,000 cited 1997)[1]
Indo-European
  • Central Franconian
    • Ripuarian
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Individual code:
ksh – Kölsch
Glottologripu1236
Area where Ripuarian is spoken. Green = sparsely populated forest.

Ripuarian (

German dialect group, part of the West Central German
language group. Together with the
Low Franconian languages
.

It is spoken in the Rhineland south of the Benrath line — from northwest of Düsseldorf and Cologne to Aachen in the west and to Waldbröl in the east.

The language area also comprises the north of the

Limburgish and legally treated as such.[citation needed
]

The name derives from the Ripuarian Franks (Rheinfranken), who settled in the area from the 4th century onward.

The most well known Ripuarian dialect is

Kirchröadsj plat (of Kerkrade), or Bocheser plat (of Bocholtz). Most of the more than one hundred Ripuarian dialects are bound to one specific village or municipality. Usually there are small distinctive differences between neighbouring dialects (which are, however, easily noticeable to locals), and increasingly bigger differences between the more distant dialects. These are described by a set of isoglosses called the Rhenish fan
in linguistics. The way people talk, even if they are not using Ripuarian, often allows them to be traced precisely to a village or city quarter where they learned to speak.

Number of speakers

About a million people speak a variation of Ripuarian dialect, which constitutes about one quarter of the inhabitants of the area. Penetration of Ripuarian in everyday communication varies considerably, as does the percentage of Ripuarian speakers from one place to another. In some places there may only be a few elderly speakers left, while elsewhere Ripuarian usage is common in everyday life. Both in the genuine Ripuarian area and far around it, the number of people passively understanding Ripuarian to some extent exceeds the number of active speakers by far.

Geographic significance

Speakers are centred on the German city of

Southern Meuse-Rhenish (Limburgish). Several elements of grammar are unique to Ripuarian and do not exist in the other languages of Germany.[citation needed
]

The French Community of Belgium as well as the Netherlands officially recognise some Ripuarian dialects as minority languages, and the European Union likewise follows.[citation needed]

Varieties

Varieties are or include:[2]

  • West Ripuarian (Westripuarisch), around Aachen and a small area in East Belgium and the Netherlands
  • Central Ripuarian (Zentralripuarisch)
    • City Colognian (Stadtkölnisch)
    • Country Colognian (Landkölnisch)

Grammar

Numerals

The transcription from Münch,

pitch accent
.

Cardinals Ordinals
1 ēn dę ìəštə
2 tswęī dę tswę̀itə
3 dreī dę drę̀itə
4 fiəꝛ dę fiətə
5 fønəf dę fønəftə
6 zęks dę zękstə
7 zevə dę zevəntə
8 āx dę āxtə
9 nøŋ̀ dę nøŋ̄tə
10 tsèn dę tsèntə
11 eləf dę eləftə
12 tsweləf dę tsweləftə
13 drøksēn dę drøksēntə
14 fiətsēn dę fiətsēntə
15 fuftsēn dę fuftsēntə
16 zęksēn dę zęksēntə
17 zevətsēn dę zevetsēntə
18 āxtsēn dę āxtsēntə
19 nøŋ̄sēn dę nøŋ̄tsēntə
20 tswantsiχ dę tswantsiχstə
21 enəntswantsiχ
22 tswęiəntswantsiχ
23 dreiəntswantsiχ
24 fiəꝛentswantsiχ
25 fønəvəntswantsiχ
26 zękzəntswantsiχ
27 zevənəntswantsiχ
28 āxəntswantsiχ
29 nøŋəntswantsiχ
30 dresiχ dę dresiχstə
40 fiətsiχ dę fiətsiχstə
50 fuftsiχ dę fuftsiχstə
60 zęksiχ dę zęksiχstə
70 zevəntsiχ dę zevətsiχstə
80 āxtsiχ dę āxtsiχstə
90 nøŋ̄siχ dę nøŋ̄tsiχstə
100 hondəꝛt dę hondəꝛtstə
200 tsweīhondəꝛt
1000 dùzənt dę dùzəntstə

Pronouns

Ripuarian (excluding City-

Colognian) emphasised personal pronouns:[3]

1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m. / f. / n.		 reflexive
pronoun
(of the 3rd person)
Singular
Nom. iχ du hę̄ zeī ət
Gen. – – – – –
Dat. mīꝛ dīꝛ em̀ ìꝛ em̀ ziχ
Acc. miχ diχ en zeī ət ziχ
Plural
Nom. mīꝛ īꝛ zē
Gen. – – –
Dat. os yχ eǹə ziχ
Acc. os yχ zē ziχ

See also
Colognian edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Literature

References

  1. ^ Ripuarian at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
    Kölsch at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Jürgen Erich Schmidt, Robert Möller, Historisches Westdeutsch/Rheinisch (Moselfränkisch, Ripuarisch, Südniederfränkisch), sub-chapter Das Ripuarische; in: Sprache und Raum: Ein internationales Handbuch der Sprachvariation. Band 4: Deutsch. Herausgegeben von Joachim Herrgen, Jürgen Erich Schmidt. Unter Mitarbeit von Hanna Fischer und Birgitte Ganswindt, volume 30.4 of Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science / Manuels de linguistique et des sciences de communication) (HSK), Berlin/Boston, 2019, p. 529f.
  3. ^ a b Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch. Bonn, 1904, p. 8ff. & p. 159f.
    Some symbols with their IPA equivalent are:
    • ę - [ɛ]
    • š - [⁠ʃ⁠]
    • ꝛ - ⁠[ʁ⁠]
    • χ - [ç]
    • x - [⁠x⁠]
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