Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests

Coordinates: 24°02′N 89°53′E / 24.033°N 89.883°E / 24.033; 89.883
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests
Bhawal National Park
Ecoregion territory (in purple)
Ecology
RealmIndomalayan
Biometropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Borders
List
Bird species380+
Mammal species126
Geography
Area254,100 km2 (98,100 sq mi)
Countries
States
Coordinates24°02′N 89°53′E / 24.033°N 89.883°E / 24.033; 89.883
Conservation
Conservation statusCritical/endangered[1]
Protected2.76%

The Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of Bangladesh and India. The ecoregion covers an area of 254,100 square kilometres (98,100 sq mi), comprising most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar and Tripura, and extending into adjacent states of Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and a tiny part of Assam, as well as adjacent western Myanmar.

Geography

The Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests extends across the

Brahmaputra rivers, which form the world's largest river delta. The ecoregion is currently one of the most densely populated regions on earth, and the forests have largely been replaced with intensive agriculture
.

The ecoregion is bounded on the east and northeast by montane tropical rain forests; the

Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta bordering the Bay of Bengal
.

The ecoregion is home to several large cities, including Kolkata, Dhaka, Patna, and Chittagong.

Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is tropical and humid. Most of the annual rainfall comes during the southwest monsoon from June to September.

Flora

The natural vegetation is mostly semi-evergreen forest.

The upper canopy is predominantly of deciduous trees, with a lower storey of evergreen trees. Characteristic trees in disturbed forests are

Terminalia tomentosa, and Ochna pumila are common.[1]

Riparian forests are typically an Acacia-Dalbergia association, with

Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Albizia procera, Bombax ceiba, and Sterculia villosa.[1]

  • Seasonal flooding
    Seasonal flooding
  • Inside the forests
    Inside the forests
  • Endless forest in a flat landscape. Nowadays a rare sight.
    Endless forest in a flat landscape. Nowadays a rare sight.

Fauna

The ecoregion is home to 126 native mammal species. They include threatened species like the

great Indian civet (Viverra zibetha).[1]

The ecoregion is home to 380 species of birds species, including the

Pallas's fish-eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), swamp francolin (Francolinus gularis), Indian grey hornbill (Ocyceros birostris), and Oriental pied hornbill
(Anthracoceros albirostris).

Monkey

Conservation

The ecoregion has been densely settled for many centuries, yet much forest remained until the early 20th century. Forest clearance accelerated during the 20th century, and by the end of the century, only 3% of the ecoregion remained in natural forest. Remaining forest areas are mostly small patches, except for one large block of forest south of Varanasi.[2]

In 1997, the

World Wildlife Fund identified over 40 protected areas in the ecoregion, with a combined area of about 7010 km², or approximately 3% of the ecoregion's area. Over half of these protected areas were smaller than 100 km²[2]

Elephants used to roam these vast forests, but are now confined to a few protected areas.
Indian tigers
used to roam in this ecoregion. Small populations now survive in a few protected areas.

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  2. ^ a b Wikramanayake, E.; Dinerstein, E.; Loucks, C. J.; et al. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment. Island Press; Washington, DC. pp. 303

External links

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